Crash Course For CDS 2 2021 Exam BY PRAVEEN BHARTI

1

Class 03

Class 01 & 02

• Articles, Conjunctions (Grammar)

• Syllabus, Importance of Newspaper

• Para jumbles

• Simple, Compound & Compound Sentences

• Basic to Advance

2

Class 03

✓Question Tag

✓Noun (Basic already covered in

Articles)

✓Pronoun

Attention !!!

1. Class 01 (1.25 x, 1.5 x )

2. Class 02 (Normal Speed)

3. Revise (1.5x)

4. During the Class (Copy/Paper/Diary etc)

5. Revise Repeat Revise

6. Top 10 Rules (Only for your mind)

“Question Tag”PRESENTED BY PRAVEEN BHARTI

Definition

▪ A question asked for confirmation is known

as a Question Tag.

▪ किसी बात िी पुष्टि िे लिए पूछा गया प्रश्न Question Tag िहिाता है।

• A question tag is a question that comes at

the end of a sentence .

1. India is a big country, isn’t it ?

2. You Speak Chinese , don’t you ?

3. Chandra Shekhar Azad was a martyr , wasn’t he ?

5 Basic rules of Question Tag

1. Sentence and Question tag must be in same tense .

2. If the statement is negative , the Question tag must be

Positive .

3. If the statement is positive , the Question tag must be negative .

4. Always use pronoun in Question tag.

5. Always use contracted form in negative question tag .

India is a big country, isn’t it ?

1. Sentence and Question tag must be in same tense .

2. If the statement is negative , the Question tag must be

Positive .

3. If the statement is positive , the Question tag must be

negative .

4. Always use pronoun in Question tag.

5. Always use contracted form in negative question tag

Examples

1) Rohan will help you, won’t he?

2) We shall win the match, shan’t we?

3) I don’t write letters , do I ?

4) You are not intelligent, are you?

Helping verb Contracted form

Do not Don’t

Does not Doesn’t

Was not Wasn’t

Were not Weren’t

Are not Aren’t

Has not Hasn’t

Contracted Form

Helping Verb Contracted Form

Shall not Shan’t

Will not Won’t

Can not Can’t

Should not Shouldn’t

Would not Wouldn’t

Could not Couldn’t

May not Mayn’t

1. There (a)/ was not (b)/ a single seat vacant ,(c) / was it ?

(d) / No error (e)

2. It (a) /was (b) /a horrible accident ,(c) / was it ? (d) /No

error (e)

3. My nephew is (a) / an ambidextrous (b) /, isn’t he ? (c) /

No error (d)

4. I don’t (a) / write letters (b) ,/does I (c) ?/ No error (d)

5. Chandra Shekhar Azad was (a) / a martyr ,(b) / wasn’t

he ? (c) / No error (d)

6. The mob (a) / killed the Prime Minister (b) /,didn’t they ?

(c) /No error (d)

1. There (a)/ was not (b)/ a single seat vacant ,(c) / was it ?

(d) / No error (e)

2. It (a) /was (b) /a horrible accident ,(c) / was it ? (d) /No

error (e)

3. My nephew is (a) / an ambidextrous (b) /, isn’t he ? (c) /

No error (d)

4. I don’t (a) / write letters (b) ,/does I (c) ?/ No error (d)

5. Chandra Shekhar Azad was (a) / a martyr ,(b) / wasn’t

he ? (c) / No error (d)

6. The mob (a) / killed the Prime Minister (b) /,didn’t they ?

(c) /No error (d)

Definition of Noun

A noun is a word used as a name of a person, place or

thing Ex: Ram, teacher, team, gold, Delhi, Sita,

water etc.

Kinds of Noun

Proper

Noun

Common

Noun

Collective

Noun

Material

NounSolid/Liquid/Gas

Abstract

Noun

Praveen Teacher Class Gold Honesty

Ram Student Army Silver Bravery

Delhi City Staff Wood Poverty

Meena Girl Jury Oxygen Sincerity

Sachin Player Team Water

Countable Noun Uncountable Noun

Common Noun Material

Collective Noun Ex. Boy, tables class,

players etc

Abstract NounEx. Furniture, water,

knowledge

Last s, ss, ch, sh, z or x + es

Singular Plural

Fix Fixes

Class Classes

Quiz Quizzes

Box Boxes

Dish Dishes

Exceptions

Stomach Stomachs

Radius Radii

Locus Loci

Ox Oxen

Rule (2)

Last ‘O’ Cons. + O = es

Hero Heroes

Cargo जहाजी माि Cargoes

Potato Potatoes

Mosquito Mosquitoes

Mango Mangoes

Exceptions

✓ Piano+s

✓ Photo+s

✓ Solo+s

✓ dynamo+s

✓ Ratio+s

Last double vowels +s

Singular Plural

Radio Radios

Zoo Zoos

Portfolio खुिे पत्र, ननवेश सचूी Portfolios

Tree Trees

Cons. + y = ies vowel + y = s

Cry, City, Dictionary, Reply,

Family

Key, Monkey, Ray, Toy,

Valley, Way

Last f or fe = ves

Singular Plural

half halves

Wife Wives

Thief thieves

Life lives

Leaf Leaves

Wolf Wolves

Loaf Loaves

Exceptions:-

Belief beliefs

Chief Chiefs

Cliff चट्िान Cliffs

Dwarf Dwarfs

Grief Griefs

Roof Roofs

SINGULAR PLURAL SINGULAR PLURAL

Man Men Woman Women

Tooth Teeth Foot Feet

Mouse Mice Goose बत्तख Geese

Louse Lice Oasis Oases

Last um= a

SINGULAR PLURAL EXCEPTION

Datum Data Asylums

Ovum Ova Museums

Dictum वाक्य, उष्क्त(Phrase)

Memorandum स्मरण िेख

Stratum परत

Agendum

Dicta

Memoranda

Strata

Agenda

Premiums

Forums

Pendulums

Latin words

Last ( US)

Greek words

Last (On)

Radius Radii Phenomenon Phenomena

Syllabus Syllabi Criterion Criteria

Use of

Apostrophe(‘s)

Apostrophe िा प्रयोग Possessive case िे लिएकिया जाता है

Mohan’s Book

Ram’s cycle

Mahesh’s cycle

Mahesh’ cycle

Hissing sound

Car’s doors

2. We never use apostrophe(‘s) with

non-living things

Wrong Right

Car’s doors Doors of car

Fan’s blade Blade of fan

Chair’s legs Legs of chair

Table’s wood Wood of table

3. Never use double apostrophe in a

sentence

✓ My wife’s secretary’s mother has expired.

✓ The mother of my wife’s secretary has expired.

Compound Nouns

Singular Plural

1. Brother-in-law brothers-in-law

2. Bed-room Bed-rooms

3. Commander-in-chief commanders-in-chief

4. step-daughter step-daughters

5. sister-in-law sisters-in-law

6. Member of parliament members of parliament

7. Man hater Man haters

8. Woman doctor women doctors

Rule 01

❖ Noun plural in form but singular in use.

▪ Mathematics, Physics, Innings, Politics, Economics, Mechanic, Ethics, News etc. These words are always takes singular verb.

Example:-

1. Mathematics is a difficult subjects.

2. Ethics demands honesty in working.

3. Politics has lost its moral character.

4. Economics is an optional subject

YOUR, HER, THE, SUCH, HIS

▪ Mathematics is everyone’s favourite subject because it involves the use of formulas .

▪ The mathematics of the officer have revealed a lot of

scam in the annual function .

Rule 02

❖ Noun singular in form but plural in use.

Cattle, gentry, clergy, cavalry, infantry, nobility, poultry, peasantry, children, admiralty, yeoman try etc.

✓ The cattle are grazing in the field.

✓ Our infantry have marched forward.

We can’t add s/es/ies

Rule 03

❖ Noun always singular

Poetry, scenery, machinery, stationery, crockery, luggage, baggage, postage, knowledge, breakage, jeweller, information, furniture, money, wastage, water, paper, bread, work, equipment, filth, money etc.

These words are always used as uncountable so we cannot put number before these word.

1. Kashmir is famous for its colourful scenery.

2. He has no knowledge of Grammar .

3. I have no information about her residence .

4. I have two sheets/pieces of paper.

5. I need slices of/ a piece of/ loaves of bread.

▪ There are so many/much filth all around the

places.

▪ A lot of water is needed.

▪ I want a few articles of jewellery.

▪ He purchased some packets of bread.

Rule 04

Alms, thanks, riches, caves, species, scissors, trousers, pants,

clippers, tongs, bellows, gallows, fangs, eyeglasses, goggles, amends, annals, archives, ashes, arrears, athletics, auspices,

belongings, breeches, bowels, braces, binoculars, billiards,

customs, congratulations, dregs, earnings, entrails, embers,

fetters, fireworks, lodgings, mumps, odds, lees, outskirts, Particulars, proceeds, proceedings, regards, remains, savings,

shambles, shears, spectacles, surroundings, tidings, troops,

tactics, vegetables, valuables, wages, spectacles etc

These all are always used as plural. We

cannot make these words singular by

removing s.

✓ He gave him alms.(r)

✓ He gave him an alm.(w)

✓ His trousers are dirty.(r)

✓ His trouser is dirty.(w)

✓ What are your monthly earnings?

✓ The embers of the fire were still burning .

✓ He hated always to be the bearer of bad

tidings .

✓ Where are the tongs ?

✓ Alms were given to the beggars .

Rule 05

❖ A compound noun (Numerical + noun) is not used in plural if

that noun works as adjective.

✓ I have five rupees.(r)

✓ I have five rupees note. (w)

✓ I have five rupee note. (r)

Ten mile race(r) Five stars hotels (w)

Ten miles(r) Five star hotels (r)

Rule 06

❑ Collective noun such as deer, sheep, staff, series,

species, fish, crew, team, jury, aircraft, counsel, etc

may be either singular or plural depending on their

usage of sentence.

✓ Our team is the best

✓ Our team are trying their new uniform

✓ Jury has given its decision unanimously.

✓ Jury were divided in their opinion.

✓ Staff is in a meeting.

✓ Staff are disagree about the finding.

Rule 07

Noun(s) + Preposition + Noun(s)if nouns are same

Towns after towns.(w) Ships after ships(w)

Town after town. (r) Ship after ship (r)

Row upon row. (r)

Rule 08

Million, billion, thousand, Pair, Score, Hundred, Dozen,

Stone, etc

if we find any number before these words then we will use

these words in singular form.

Two hundred, three dozen, six thousand - definite

Dozens of women, millions of dollars, many pairs of shoes etc -

indefinite

Rule 09 Incorrect usage of noun.

Wrong Right

cousin brother/sister Cousin

Big/small blunder Blunder

Strong breeze Strong wind

Bad dream Nightmare

Proudy Proud

Rule 10

Teacher, student, child, clerk, advocate, worker, writer, leader, musician, etc also called dual gender because these nouns used in male as well as female sense.

Note: use he/his/him with these nouns normally.

✓ A teacher should perform his duty sincerely.

✓ Every leader should perform his duty.

िुछ nouns िे Singular एवं Plural form अर्थ पूणथतया अिग होते है

Singular Plural

Air हवा Airs दिखाविी व्यवहारReturn वापसी Returns आय िा दहसाब

Iron िोहा Irons जंजीरेंSand रेत Sands रेगगस्तान

Wood ििडी Woods जंगिGood अच्छा Goods सामान

Singular Plural

Water पानी Waters समुद्रWork िाम Works सादहत्यFruit फि Fruits नतीजा (मेहनत इत्यादि

िा)

िुछ nouns िे Singular एवं Plural form

अर्थ एि ही होते है। परन्तु Plural form में एि से अगिि अर्थ होते है।

Singular Plural

Custom ररवाज Customs ररवाज, सीमा शुल्िManner तरीिा Manners तरीिे, लशटिाचार

Pain ििथ Pains ििथ, अर्ि प्रयासQuarter एि-चौर्ाई Quarters एि-चौर्ाई, आवासLetter अक्षर, गचट्ठी Letters अक्षर, गचट्ठी, सादहत्य