III. lowing menopause, when estrogen stimulation is diminished

Skeletal muscle atrophy following lower motor neuron loss in Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; nerve section as in spinal cord injuries; poliomyelitisREVERSIBLE A N D IRREVERSIBLE CELLULAR INJURYA, Hypoxia impairs oxidative phosphorylation resulting in decreased ATP.H, Low ATP disrupts key cellular functions including1. Na^-fC pump, resulting in sodium and water bdissociation ofribosomes and decreased protein synthesis.D. Eventually, the damage becomes irreversible. The hallmark of irreversible injury ismembrane damage.1. Plasma membrane damage results inlowing menopause, when estrogen stimulation is diminished

Skeletal muscle atrophy following lower motor neuron loss in Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; nerve section as in spinal cord injuries; poliomyelitisi, Cytosol ic enzymes leaking into the serum {e.g., cardiac troponin)ii. Additional calcium entering into the cell2. Mitochondrial membrane damage results ini. Loss of the electron transport chain (inner mitochondrial membrane)ii. Cytochrome c leaking into cytosol (activates apoptosis)3. Lysosome membrane damage results in hydrolytic enzymes leaking into thecytosol, which, in turn, are activated by the high intracellular calcium.lowing menopause, when estrogen stimulation is diminished

Skeletal muscle atrophy following lower motor neuron loss in Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; nerve section as in spinal cord injuries; poliomyelitis

lowing menopause, when estrogen stimulation is diminished

Skeletal muscle atrophy following lower motor neuron loss in Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; nerve section as in spinal cord injuries; poliomyelitis