Coulomb distortions in the Lead Radius Experiment (PREX) Tim Cooper (Univ. College Fraser Valley) C. J. Horowitz (Indiana) Coulomb distortions Interested in neutron densities of heavy nuclei. These have large Z and important coulomb distortions. Solve Dirac equ for electron in both coulomb V(r) and weak axial A(r) potentials. In helicity basis, right handed e feels pot V+A and left handed feels V-A Subtract cross sec for V-A from cross sec V+A Numerics Crucial help from E. D. Cooper! His code RUNT for relativistic proton-nucleus scattering in S, V optical pots Helped B. C. Clark with Dirac phenom. numerics. Worry about subtraction of two large cross sections??? Each cross sec is very hard numerical problem because convergence of partial waves is poor. Standard tricks to speed convergence. Backward cross section is much much harder numerical problem (need phase shifts to many places) than forward angle asymmetry. Now several independent codes agree. Coulomb distortion results Distortions reduce asym. by ~30% and somewhat reduce sensitivity to neutron density. Largest correction to asymmetry. Can be accurately calculated and charge density is known. 208 Pb at 850 MeV Vector Analyzing power A n Test distortion physics with vector analyzing power A n : left right asymmetry for transversely polarized beam. A n =0 in Born approx. from time reversal. Nonzero value only from 2 or more photons. A n is large for high Z of nucleus, since distortions large. A n is potential systematic error for parity experiments. We exactly solve Dirac equation to sum photon exchanges to all orders. Only keep elastic intermediate states. These are coherent / Z 2 for heavy nucleus. Hard numerical problem: two independent codes RUNT (E.D. Cooper) and ELASTIC (CJH). Agree with published results at lower energies (15 MeV). At forward angles, A n grows with increasing Z of target 850 MeV AnAn 208 Pb at 850 MeV A n -.4 ppm comparable to parity violating A.6 ppm because of large Z. Measure A n during PREX. AnAn Elastic intermediate states only! PREX History 1989 Donnelly, Dubach, Sick PV for n densities CJH calculates PV asy with Coulomb distortions Michaels + CJH optimize PREX kinematics PREX discussed at ECT* PV conference Relation of neutron density to: Pressure of neutron matter (Alex Brown) Density dependence of symmetry energy Many neutron star properties HAPPEX, HAPPEX II, HAPPEX He experiments PREX History Electron scattering workshop, INT 1997