cost model inventory workshop 12 to 15 april 2005 university of madeira, funchal stuart mucklejohn
DESCRIPTION
Modelling plasmas for light generation - Some thoughts on the needs of the lighting industry. COST Model Inventory Workshop 12 to 15 April 2005 University of Madeira, Funchal Stuart Mucklejohn UK National Representative to COST529 - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
April 2005 COST529_April05.ppt 1
COST Materials Action 529: Efficient Lighting for the 21st Century
COST Model Inventory Workshop
12 to 15 April 2005
University of Madeira, Funchal
Stuart Mucklejohn
UK National Representative to COST529GE Consumer & Industrial- Lighting, Melton Road, Leicester LE4 7PD, UK
Modelling plasmas for light generation -
Some thoughts on the needs of the lighting industry
April 2005 COST529_April05.ppt 2
COST Materials Action 529: Efficient Lighting for the 21st Century
New product development
Product improvement
Fault finding
Production processes
Education
Training
What are models used for ?
April 2005 COST529_April05.ppt 3
COST Materials Action 529: Efficient Lighting for the 21st Century
What is a lamp ?
Light generating component of a system used to illuminate things
Within the European Union:
An energy using product (EUP)
A product subject to the WEEE directive
A product subject to the RoHS regulations
April 2005 COST529_April05.ppt 4
COST Materials Action 529: Efficient Lighting for the 21st Century
What is a high intensity discharge (HID) lamp ?
A light emitting high temperature chemical reactor
Characteristics:
Plasma has electron temperature = gas temperature
Operating pressure 1 to 50 atm, up to 200 atm for UHP
Local thermodynamic equilibrium is a reasonable assumption
April 2005 COST529_April05.ppt 5
COST Materials Action 529: Efficient Lighting for the 21st Century
Uses of HID lamps
Road lighting
Car headlamps
Stage/studio lighting
Horticulture – greenhouse lighting
Interior lighting – warehouses & shopping malls
Floodlighting – sports & architectural
Projection systems
April 2005 COST529_April05.ppt 6
COST Materials Action 529: Efficient Lighting for the 21st Century
Types of HID lamps
Description Typical application
Low-pressure sodium road lighting
High-pressure sodium road lighting
High-pressure mercury road lighting
Metal halide with silica arctube interior, sports, malls
Metal halide with ceramic arctube interior, malls, streets
Ultra high pressure projection systems
April 2005 COST529_April05.ppt 7
COST Materials Action 529: Efficient Lighting for the 21st Century
Some characteristics of HID lamps
Power range 20 to 20 kW
Output 1600 to 2000000 lumens
Life 500 to 28000 h
Size 50 to 500 mm
Global market >500x106 € per annum
April 2005 COST529_April05.ppt 8
COST Materials Action 529: Efficient Lighting for the 21st Century
LampPowerSupply
Optics &Fixture
ApplicationApplication
Radiation
Heat
Electrical Characteristics
Heat
Monitoring&
Control
Monitoring&
Control
Environment
LampPowerSupply
Optics &Fixture
ApplicationApplication
Radiation
Heat
Electrical Characteristics
Heat
Monitoring&
Control
Monitoring&
Control
Environment
LampPowerSupply
Optics &Fixture
ApplicationApplication
RadiationRadiation
HeatHeat
Electrical Characteristics
Electrical Characteristics
HeatHeat
Monitoring&
Control
Monitoring&
Control
EnvironmentEnvironment
The system includes light source & the receptor
April 2005 COST529_April05.ppt 9
COST Materials Action 529: Efficient Lighting for the 21st Century
Components of HID lampsOuter enclosure - glass outer jacket & metal connectors
Arctube - silica or ceramic
Electrodes - tungsten
Leadwires – molybdenum, niobium
Chemical additives - mercury, sodium, metal halides
Gas fill - argon, krypton85
Joins
Seals
April 2005 COST529_April05.ppt 10
COST Materials Action 529: Efficient Lighting for the 21st Century
Nb leadwire
Mo winding
W tip (electrodes)
Arc chamber
Arctube body (PCA)LegSeal
Nb leadwire
Mo winding
W tip (electrodes)
Arc chamber
Arctube body (PCA)LegSeal
Nb leadwire
Mo winding
W tip (electrodes)
Arc chamber
Arctube body (PCA)LegSeal
A metal halide lamp with ceramic arctube
April 2005 COST529_April05.ppt 11
COST Materials Action 529: Efficient Lighting for the 21st Century
Interactions within HID arctubes
Gas phase 1000 to 6000 K light generation
Liquid – Gas 700 to 1300 K dose evaporation
Solid – Gas 700 to 1500 K corrosion
Liquid – Solid 700 to 1300 K corrosion
Solid – Solid 700 to 1500 K corrosion
April 2005 COST529_April05.ppt 12
COST Materials Action 529: Efficient Lighting for the 21st Century
Temporal phenomena
Steady state
Transient
Non-LTE
Reaction kinetics
April 2005 COST529_April05.ppt 13
COST Materials Action 529: Efficient Lighting for the 21st Century
CDM 75 – 150 W
Discharge Column 83 %
(Utot=90 V, UAK=15 V)
IR 53 %
UV
4 %
2 %
VIS IR cond
thermal15 %=0.2
Tw=1300 K
17 %
%%
%
dischargetube wall
VIS36 %
IR28 %
Ele
ctro
des
9 %
Energy balance for a metal halide lamp
From Philips Lighting & the ALITE program
April 2005 COST529_April05.ppt 14
COST Materials Action 529: Efficient Lighting for the 21st Century
Life cycle of HID lampsAssumes life of 10000 h
Production Raw materials, processes, testing
0 to 100 h Rapidly changing properties to 100 h
100 to 1000 h Significant changes in output
1000 to 10000 h Slowly changing output, failures
End of life Disposal
Recycling
Environmental impact
April 2005 COST529_April05.ppt 15
COST Materials Action 529: Efficient Lighting for the 21st Century
Radiation properties of optically thick radiators (line broadening, transitions probabilities)
Radiation properties of optically thin radiators (reduced emission coefficients)
Diffusion coefficients & mobilities of plasma species
Viscosities of buffer gases
Thermochemical parameters for: plasma species (discharge properties)
liquid - gas reactions (dose chemistry)
solid - gas reactions (corrosion)
solid - liquid reactions (corrosion)
Kinetic parameters for material transport mechanisms
Fundamental data
April 2005 COST529_April05.ppt 16
COST Materials Action 529: Efficient Lighting for the 21st Century
Lamp voltage rise through life
Lamp voltage & colour changes for vertical & horizontal operation
Luminous efficacy through life
Output from 200 to 3000 nm
Lamp life
Examples of predictive models needed
April 2005 COST529_April05.ppt 17
COST Materials Action 529: Efficient Lighting for the 21st Century
History
Many descriptions of models at conferences
Large number of scientific publications
Valuable resource for the lighting industry
But ……..
Some reports/papers very difficult to find
Software no longer available & not designed for operation by third parties
April 2005 COST529_April05.ppt 18
COST Materials Action 529: Efficient Lighting for the 21st Century
NumeLiTe NumeLiTe
Aviso fitting in situ at Albi Aviso fitting with 150W 4000K lamp
NumeLiTe NumeLiTe
Aviso fitting in situ at Albi Aviso fitting with 150W 4000K lamp
April 2005 COST529_April05.ppt 19
COST Materials Action 529: Efficient Lighting for the 21st Century
April 2005 COST529_April05.ppt 20
COST Materials Action 529: Efficient Lighting for the 21st Century
Many thanks to:
Barry Preston (GE Lighting)
Raghu Ramaiah (GE Lighting)
Acknowledgements