cosmological aspects of neutrino physics (iii) sergio pastor (ific) 61st sussp st andrews, august...
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04/11/23
Cosmological Aspects of Neutrino Physics (III)
Sergio Pastor (IFIC)61st SUSSP
St Andrews, August 2006
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Neutrino Physics and Cosmology
3rd lecture
Bounds on mν from CMB, LSS and other data
Bounds on the radiation content (Neff)
Future sensitivities on mν from cosmology
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Effect of massive neutrinos on the CMB and Matter Power
Spectra
Max Tegmark
www.hep.upenn.edu/~max/
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Neutrinos as Hot Dark Matter
Massive Neutrinos can still be subdominant DM: limits on mν from Structure Formation (combined with other cosmological data)
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How to get a bound (measurement) of neutrino masses from Cosmology
DATA
Fiducial cosmological model:(Ωbh2 , Ωmh2 , h , ns , τ, Σmν )
PARAMETERESTIMATES
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Cosmological Data
• CMB Temperature: WMAP plus data from other experiments at large multipoles (CBI, ACBAR, VSA…)
• CMB Polarization: WMAP,…
• Large Scale Structure:
* Galaxy Clustering (2dF,SDSS)
* Bias (Galaxy, …): Amplitude of the Matter P(k) (SDSS,σ8)
* Lyman-α forest: independent measurement of power on small scales
* Baryon acoustic oscillations (SDSS)
Bounds on parameters from other data: SNIa (Ωm), HST (h), …
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Cosmological Parameters: example
SDSS Coll, PRD 69 (2004) 103501
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Cosmological bounds on neutrino mass(es)
A unique cosmological bound on mν DOES NOT exist !
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Cosmological bounds on neutrino mass(es)
A unique cosmological bound on mν DOES NOT exist !Different analyses have found upper bounds on neutrino masses, since they depend on
• The combination of cosmological data used
• The assumed cosmological model: number of parameters (problem of parameter degeneracies)
• The properties of relic neutrinos
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Cosmological bounds on neutrino masses using WMAP1
390280640 . . .
Bound on Σmν (eV) [95% CL]
Data used
Ichikawa et al, PRD 71 (2005) 043001Sánchez et al, MNRAS 366 (2006) 189MacTavish et al, astro-ph/0507503
1.6 - 3.1 CMB only
Hannestad, JCAP 0305 (2003) 004 SDSS Coll., PRD 69 (2004) 103501Barger et al, PLB 595 (2004) 55Crotty et al, PRD 69 (2004) 123007Rebolo et al, MNRAS 353 (2004) 747Fogli et al. PRD 70 (2004) 113003Seljak et al, PRD 71 (2005) 103515Sánchez et al, MNRAS 366 (2006) 189MacTavish et al, astro-ph/0507503
1.0 - 1.7 [0.6-1.2]
WMAP1, other CMB, 2dF/SDSS-gal [HST,SNIa]
WMAP Coll., ApJ Suppl 148 (2003) 175Fogli et al. PRD 70 (2004) 113003 Seljak et al, PRD 71 (2005) 103515MacTavish et al, astro-ph/0507503Hannestad, hep-ph/0409108
0.42-0.68
WMAP1, other CMB, 2dF/SDSS-gal, 2dF/SDSS-bias and/or Ly-α
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Cosmological bounds on neutrino masses using WMAP3
390280640 . . .
Bound on Σmν (eV) [95% CL] Data used
WMAP Coll., astro-ph/0603449Fukugita et al, astro-ph/0605362Kristiansen et al, astro-ph/0608017
1.7 – 2.3 CMB only
WMAP Coll., astro-ph/0603449Goobar et al, astro-ph/0602155
0.68 – 0.91WMAP3, other CMB, 2dF/SDSS-gal, SNIa
Goobar et al, astro-ph/0602155Seljak et al, astro-ph/0604335Kristiansen et al, astro-ph/0608017
0.17-0.48
WMAP3, other CMB, 2dF/SDSS-gal, SDSS-BAO and/or Ly-α
Fogli et al., hep-ph/0608060
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Neutrino masses in 3-neutrino schemes
Fig from Strumia & Vissani, NPB726(2005)294
CMB + galaxy clustering
+ HST, SNI-a…
+ BAO and/or bias
+ including Ly-α
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Tritium decay, 02 and Cosmology
Fogli et al.,
hep-ph/0608060
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02 and Cosmology
Fogli et al., hep-ph/0608060
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Parameter degeneracy: Neutrino mass and w
In cosmological models with more parameters the neutrino mass bounds can be relaxed.
Ex: quintessence-like dark energy with ρDE=w pDE
WMAP Coll, astro-ph/0607101
Λ
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At T<me, the radiation content of the Universe is
Effective number of relativistic neutrino speciesTraditional parametrization of the energy densitystored in relativistic particles
Relativistic particles in the Universe
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• Extra radiation can be:
scalars, pseudoscalars, sterile neutrinos (totally or partially thermalized, bulk), neutrinos in very low-energy reheating scenarios, relativistic decay products of heavy particles…
• Particular case: relic neutrino asymmetries
Constraints on Neff from BBN and from CMB+LSS
Extra relativistic particles
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Effect of Neff at later epochs
• Neff modifies the radiation content:
• Changes the epoch of matter-radiation equivalence
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CMB+LSS: allowed ranges for Neff
• Set of parameters: ( Ωbh2 , Ωcdmh2 , h , ns , A , b , Neff )
• DATA: WMAP + other CMB + LSS + HST (+ SN-Ia)
• Flat Models
Non-flat Models
• Recent result
Pierpaoli, MNRAS 342 (2003)
2.01.9eff 4.1N
95% CL
Crotty, Lesgourgues & SP, PRD 67 (2003)
3.32.1eff 3.5N
95% CL
Hannestad, JCAP 0305 (2003)
3.02.1eff 4.0N
Hannestad & Raffelt, astro-ph/06071014.6N2.7 eff
95% CL
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Future bounds on Neff
• Next CMB data from WMAP and PLANCK (other CMB experiments on large l’s) temperature and polarization spectra
• Forecast analysis in ΩΛ=0 modelsLopez et al, PRL 82 (1999) 3952
WMAP
PLANCK
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Future bounds on Neff
Updated analysis:Larger errors
Bowen et al 2002
ΔNeff ~ 3 (WMAP)
ΔNeff ~ 0.2 (Planck)
Bashinsky & Seljak 2003
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The bound on Σmν depends on the number of neutrinos
• Example: in the 3+1 scenario, there are 4 neutrinos (including thermalized sterile)
• Calculate the bounds with Nν > 3
Abazajian 2002, di Bari 2002
Hannestad JCAP 0305 (2003) 004
(also Elgarøy & Lahav, JCAP 0304 (2003) 004)
3 ν4 ν
5 ν
Hannestad
95% CL
WMAP + Other CMB + 2dF + HST + SN-Ia
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Σmν and Neff degeneracy
(0 eV,3)
(0 eV,7)
(2.25 eV,7)
(0 eV,3)
(0 eV,7)
(2.25 eV,7)
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Analysis with Σmν and Neff free
Hannestad & Raffelt, JCAP 0404 (2004) 008
Crotty, Lesgourgues & SP, PRD 69 (2004) 123007
2σ upper bound on Σmν (eV)
WMAP + ACBAR + SDSS + 2dF Previous + priors (HST + SN-Ia)
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Analysis with Σmν and Neff free
Crotty, Lesgourgues & SP, PRD 69 (2004) 123007
WMAP + ACBAR + SDSS + 2dF
Hannestad & Raffelt, astro-ph/0607101
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Non-standard relic neutrinos
The cosmological bounds on neutrino masses are modified if relic neutrinos have non-standard properties (or for non-standard models)
Two examples where the cosmological bounds do not apply
• Massive neutrinos strongly coupled to a light scalar field: they could annihilate when becoming NR
• Neutrinos coupled to the dark energy: the DE density is a function of the neutrino mass (mass-varying neutrinos)
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Non-thermal relic neutrinos
The spectrum could be distorted after neutrino decoupling
Example: decay of a light scalar after BBN
Cuoco, Lesgourgues, Mangano & SP, PRD 71 (2005) 123501
Thermal FD spectrum
Distortion from decay
* CMB + LSS data still compatible with large deviations from a thermal neutrino spectrum (degeneracy NT distortion – Neff)
* Better expectations for future CMB + LSS data, but model degeneracy NT- Neff remains
/T p
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Future sensitivities to Σmν
1. CMB (T+P) + galaxy redshift surveys
2. CMB (T+P) and CMB lensing
3. Weak lensing surveys
4. Weak lensing surveys + CMB lensing
When future cosmological data will be available
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PLANCK+SDSS
Lesgourgues, SP & Perotto, PRD 70 (2004) 045016
Σm detectable at 2σ if larger than
0.21 eV (PLANCK+SDSS)
0.13 eV (CMBpol+SDSS)
Fiducial cosmological model:(Ωbh2 , Ωmh2 , h , ns , τ, Σmν ) =
(0.0245 , 0.148 , 0.70 , 0.98 , 0.12, Σmν )
• Fisher matrix analysis: expected sensitivities assuming a fiducial cosmological model, for future experiments with known specifications
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Future sensitivities to Σmν: new ideas
weak gravitational and CMB lensing
lensing
No bias uncertaintySmall scales much closer
to linear regimeTomography:
3D reconstruction
Makes CMB sensitive to smaller neutrino masses
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Future sensitivities to Σmν: new ideas
sensitivity of future weak lensing survey(4000º)2 to mν
σ(mν) ~ 0.1 eV
Abazajian & DodelsonPRL 91 (2003) 041301
sensitivity of CMB(primary + lensing) to mν
σ(mν) = 0.15 eV (Planck)
σ(mν) = 0.044 eV (CMBpol)
Kaplinghat, Knox & SongPRL 91 (2003) 241301
weak gravitational and CMB lensing
lensing
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CMB lensing: recent analysis
σ(Mν) in eV for future CMB experiments alone : Lesgourgues et al, PRD 73 (2006) 045021
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Summary of future sensitivities
Lesgourgues & SP, Phys. Rep. 429 (2006) 307
Future cosmic shear surveys
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End of 3rd lecture