core history journal

8/6/2019 Core History Journal

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Yusof Ishak Secondary SchoolHumanities Study TourHo Chi Minh City, Vietnam

10th Jun to 14th Jun 2011

Journal

Name _______________________________

Group _______________________________

For Core History and Elective Geography Students

Knowledge is the Light of Life


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GENERAL INFORMATION

STA TravelIn case of emergencyDan Yeo :97283344, Office Tel :67377188

YISS TeachersIn case of emergencyMs Mages: 98530651, Mr Adam:90612747

Ministry of Foreign AffairsOne Call Centre toll-free:

Call from Singapore at 1800-476-8870Call from overseas at (65) 6379-8000

Singapore Embassy in Ho Chi Minh,General Consulate of Singapore in Ho

Chi Minh, Vietnam, The Saigon Centre,Level 865 Le Loi Boulevard, District 1 Ho ChiMinh City, Vietnam, Phone: (84-8)8225174Fax: (84-8) 9142938

ItineraryDay 1 10th Jun

(Fri)Day 2 11th Jun

(Sat)Day 3 12th Jun

(Sun)Day 4 13th Jun

(Mon)Day 5 14th Jun

(Tue)

H Ch Minh City

C Chi Tunnel

SingaporeVietnam

Industrial Park

Long ThnhSchool

Cn Gireforestation

project

Mangroveecosystem

Rung SacGuerrila Base

Water PuppetShow

M Tho Mekong Delta

Bnh Ty RiceCo-operative

Thi Sn islet Boat Cruise

War RemnantMuseum

Notre DameCathedral

Central Postoffice

Bn ThnhMarket

Singapore

FLIGHT SCHEDULE

10 JunSQ 172 SIN/SGN -0950/1055Hrs14 JunSQ 185 SGN/SIN -

1945/2240HrsAssemble: T2 Row 7 @ 0730 HrMeet in School @ 0645 Hr

ACCOMMODATION

Ho Chi Minh City NewPacific Hotel

Address: 9-11 Ky Dong Street,Ward 9, District 3, HCM City

Tel: +84 4 39 27 41 20

Fax: +84 4 39 27 41 18Hotline: +84 1234 68 69 96

ACCOMMODATION

Can Gio District Can GioResort

Address: THanh Thoi Str, LongHoa Ward, Can Gio Dist

Tel:(84-8) 874 33 33 - 874 33

37Fax:(84-8) 874 33 34

http://yissvietnam2011.blogspot.com OR school website: http://www.yiss.moe.edu.sg Programmes Internalisation Programme

Currency :Name :Vietnamese Dong (VND)1 SGD = 11105 VND (Subjected to changes)1 USD = 16795VND (Subjected to changes)

A cheaper call-back service is available when you areoverseas with auto-roaming facilities. You may dial :Singtel : *121*65_______#Starhub: *108*65_______#M1 : *138*65_______#

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http://yissvietnam2011.blogspot.com/http://yissvietnam2011.blogspot.com/http://www.yiss.moe.edu.sg/http://yissvietnam2011.blogspot.com/http://www.yiss.moe.edu.sg/


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GROUPINGS

NAT GEO TEAM HISTORY CHANNEL TEAMDELTA SOYA

BEANBAMBOO MANGROVE TUK TUK COFFEE YELLOW

STAR

TL Sasikumar EuniceTan

SitiMahirah

MuhammadSulaiman

MuhamadNur Khairi

Melvin Tan Claire Ang

MD MuhdAfiz

JeremyKoh

Peh LayPing

Gabriel Yip MuhammadMustaqim

Lexsana SitiMardiana

IT MuhdAsyidiq

AlvinKhoo

NurulHuda

MohamedNarahj

AmirudyChen

Wong KaiZhi

Murni

AbdulWafi

Chiam YuQuan

DayangSari

Andy Alfian MuhammadJazli

Ho WeiZhen /Kerthana

Sun Shin

MuhdAmirul

Mark Sng Nur Hanis SouriyasackSinnie JulieAnne

BLOGGING DUTIES

Day 1 10th Jun(Fri)

Day 2 11th Jun(Sat)

Day 3 12th Jun(Sun)

Day 4 13th Jun(Mon)

Day 5 14th Jun(Tue)

C Chi Tunnel SingaporeVietnam

Industrial Park

Cn GiMangroveecosystem

M Tho Mekong Delta

War RemnantMuseum

Notre DameCathedral

Central Postoffice

COFFEETUK TUK

SOYA BEAN MANGROVE DELTA

Long ThnhSchool

Cn Gireforestation

project

Bnh Ty RiceCo-operative

BAMBOO

DELTA

BAMBOO TUK TUK

SOYA BEAN

YELLOW STAR

Rung SacGuerrila Base

Camp by Canoe

Thi Sn islet Boat Cruise

YELLOW STAR MANGROVE

Water PuppetShow

COFFEE

3


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LEARNING OBJECTIVES

To create a deeper understanding of the various themes and concepts in their core

history / core Geography curriculum through an experiential learning experience as theyexplore and appreciate the various learning sites at Ho Chi Minh city and Mekong Delta.

A Study Tour which is map out of the Core Hist and Core Geo syllabuses which cover thereasons and impact of colonialism in Vietnam and the coastal and river features situated atthe Mekong River.

MY COMMITMENT

1. I choose to participate in this study tour because:

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

2. My expectations (s) of this programme:

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

3. How I can contribute to make this trip a wonderful experience for everyone:

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

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ABOUT VIETNAM

The Viet Nam flag : The five points of the star stand for the farmers, workers, intellectuals,

youth and soldiers. Adopted 1955

Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, is the easternmost country on the

IndochinaPeninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by China to the north, Laosto the

northwest, and Cambodia to the southwest. On the country's east coast lies the South China

Sea. With a population of over 85 million, Vietnam is the 13th most populous country in the

world. The country is listed among the "Next Eleven" economies; according to government

figures,GDP growth was 8.17% in 2006, the second fastest growth rate among countries in

East Asia and the fastest in Southeast Asia. Late 2007, the ministry of finance said the GDP

growth was estimated to hit a ten-year high record at 8.44% in 2007.

Etymology

Through the centuries, Vietnam has been called by many different names: Vn Lang during the

Hng Vng Dynasty, u Lc during the An Dng Vng dynasty, Van Xuan during the

Anterior L Dynasty,i C Vitduring theinh dynasty and Anterior L Dynasty. Starting in

1054, Vietnam was called i Vit (Great Viet). During the H Dynasty, Vietnam was calledi

Ngu. Then, in 1804, King Gia Long planned to use the name of Nam Vit for Vietnam but the

Qing dynasty ofChina disagreed and changed it to Vit Nam. In English, the two syllables were

written into one: Vietnam. From 1839 to 1945, EmperorMinh Mng renamed Vit Nam to iNam.

The name Vit Nam had been used for this country before it became the official name in "D

a ch" of Nguyn Tri written in 1435 and perhaps even before. "Vit" is the name of the

largest ethnic group in Vietnam: the Kinh (ngi Kinh) and "Nam" means "the South", affirming

Vietnam's sovereignty from China (usually called "North country" to Vietnamese people).

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HISTORY

Western Colonial era

Vietnam's independence ended in the mid-1800s, when the country was colonized by the

French. The French administration imposed significant political and cultural changes on

Vietnamese society. A Western-style system of modern education was developed, and

Christianity was introduced into Vietnamese society. Developing a plantation economy to

promote the exports of tobacco, indigo, tea and coffee, the French largely ignored increasing

calls for self-government and civil rights. A nationalist political movement soon emerged, with

leaders such as Phan Boi Chau, Phan Chu Trinh, EmperorHam Nghi and Ho Chi Minh calling

for independence. However, the French maintained control of their colonies until World War II,

when the Japanese war in the Pacific triggered the invasion ofFrench Indochina in 1941. This

event was preceded by the establishment of the Vichy French administration, a puppet state of

Nazi Germany then ally of the Japanese Empire. The natural resources of Vietnam were

exploited for the purposes of the Japanese Empire's military campaigns into the British

Indochinese colonies ofBurma, the Malay Peninsula and India.

First Indochina War

In 1941, Viet Minh - a communist and nationalist liberation movement emerged underHo Chi

Minh, to seek independence for Vietnam from France as well as to oppose the Japanese

occupation. Following the military defeat of Japan and the fall of its Vietnamese colony inAugust 1945, Viet Minh occupied Hanoi and proclaimed a provisional government, which

asserted independence on September 2. In the same year the Provisional French Republic

sent the French Far East Expeditionary Corps, which was originally created to fight the

Japanese occupation forces, in orderto pacify the liberation movement and to restore French

rule. On November 20 1946, triggered by the Haiphong Incident the First Indochina War

between Viet Minh and the French forces ensued, lasting until July 20 1954.

Despite fewer lossesExpeditionary Corps suffered 1/3 the casualties of the China and

Soviet-backed Viet Minhduring the course of the war, the U.S.-backed French and

Vietnamese loyalists eventually suffered a major strategic setback at the Siege of Dien BienPhu, which allowed Ho Chi Minh to negotiate a ceasefire with a favorable position at the

ongoing Geneva conference of 1954. Colonial administration ended as French Indochina was

dissolved, and the contested State of Vietnam ceased to exist. According to the Geneva

Agreements the country was divided at the 17th parallel into Ho Chi Minh's North Vietnam and

Ngo Dinh Diem's South Vietnam after the example of Korea. This was intended to be

temporary, pending an election in 1956, which never took place.

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VIETNAM WAR

The Communist-held Democratic Republic of Vietnam was opposed by the US-supported

Republic of Vietnam. Disagreements soon emerged over the organizing of elections and

reunification, and the U.S. began increasing its contribution of military advisers. U.S. forces

were soon embroiled in a guerrilla war with the National Front for the Liberation of South

Vietnam (NLF), the insurgents who were indigenous to South Vietnam. North Vietnameseforces unsuccessfully attempted to overrun the South during the 1968 Tet Offensive and the

war soon spread into neighboring Laos and Cambodia, in both of which the United States

bombed Communist forces supplying the North Vietnamese Army.

With its own casualties mounting, the U.S. began transferring combat roles to the South

Vietnamese military in a process the U.S. called Vietnamization. The effort had mixed results.

The Paris Peace Accords of January 27, 1973, formally recognized the sovereignty of both

sides. Under the terms of the accords all American combat troops were withdrawn by March

29, 1973. Limited fighting continued, but all major fighting ended until the North once again

sent troops to the South during the Spring of 1975, culminating in the Fall of Saigon on April30, 1975. South Vietnam briefly became the Republic of South Vietnam, under military

occupation by North Vietnam, before being officially integrated with the North under communist

rule as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on July 2, 1976.

8
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9/19

GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE

Vietnam is approximately 331,688 km (128,066 sq mi) in area (not including Hoang Sa and

Truong Sa islands), larger than Italy almost the size of Germany. The perimeter of the country

running along its international boundaries is 4,639 km (2,883 mi). The topography consists of

hills and densely forested mountains, with level land covering no more than 20%. Mountains

account for 40% of the area, with smaller hills accounting for 40% and tropical forests 42%.The northern part of the country consists mostly of highlands and the Red River Delta. Phan Xi

Png, located in Lo Cai province, is the highest mountain in Vietnam at 3,143 m (10,312 ft).

The south is divided into coastal lowlands, Annamite Chainpeaks, extensive forests, and poor

soil. Comprising five relatively flat plateaus of basalt soil, the highlands account for 16% of the

country's arable land and 22% of its total forested land.

The delta of the Red River (also known as the Sng Hng), a flat, triangular region of 15,000

square kilometers, is smaller but more intensely developed and more densely populated than

the Mekong River Delta. Once an inlet of the Gulf of Tonkin, it has been filled in by the

enormous alluvial deposits of the rivers over a period of millennia, and it advances one

hundred meters into the Gulf annually. The Mekong delta, covering about

40,000 square kilometers, is a low-level plain not more than three meters above sea level at

any point and criss-crossed by a maze of canals and rivers. So much sediment is carried by

the Mekong's various branches and tributaries that the delta advances sixty to eighty meters

into the sea every year.

Because of differences in latitude and the marked variety of topographical relief, the climate

tends to vary considerably from place to place. During the winter or dry season, extending

roughly from November to April, the monsoon winds usually blow from the northeast along the

China coast and across the Gulf of Tonkin, picking up considerable moisture; consequently the

winter season in most parts of the country is dry only by comparison with the rainy or summer

season. The average annual temperature is generally higher in the plains than in the

mountains and plateaus and in the south than in the north. Temperatures in the southern plains

(Ho Chi Minh City and the Mekong Delta) varies less, going between 21 and 28 degree Celsius

over the course of a year.

The seasons in the mountains and plateaus and in the north are much more dramatic, and

temperatures may vary from 5 degree Celsius in December and January to 37 degree Celsius

in July and August.

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10/19

THE MEKONG

The Mekong is one of the worlds majorrivers. It is the 11th-longest river in the world, and the

12th-largest by volume (discharging 475 km/114 cu mi of water annually). Its estimated length

is 4,880 km (3,032 mi), and it drains an area of 810,000 km (313,000 sq mi). From the Tibetan

Plateau it runs through China's Yunnan province, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and

Vietnam. All except China and Burma belong to the Mekong River Commission. A south Asianregional association, Mekong-Ganga Cooperation is named after this river. The extreme

seasonal variations in flow and the presence of rapids and waterfalls have made navigation

extremely difficult.

The river was originally named by the local Tai peoples as Mae Nam Khong, Mae Khong for

short, meaning Kong River or "Mother of all rivers". This was picked up and phoneticized in the

Chinese as Migng H () for the external part, without realizing it became the "River

Kong River", the same redundancy as in English. In China for most of its length it is known as

the "Lancang River" (, Lncng Jing). In Burmese, it is called the Mae Khaung, while in

Thai it is Mae Nam Khong (

), in Laotian () Mnam Khong, in CambodianMkngk or Tonle Thom and in Vietnamese Sng Cu Long. In Thai, Kong (Thai: ) is aspecies of crocodile; some believe this is tone-shifted from (Thai: ) Kod, or (Thai:) kong,both adjectives to describe curves or meanders of a river or road.

The river's source, and therefore its exact length, is uncertain, due to the existence of several

tributaries in an inaccessible environment. According to the China Science Exploration

Association survey, the source is the Lasagongma spring, at an altitude of 5,224 metres

(17,139 ft). This spring is located on Mount Guozongmucha, and forms the Zayaqu, which has

been identified by the Chinese Academy of Sciences as the headwaters of the Mekong, within

northwestern China's Qinghai Province. An earlier expedition by Michel Piessel had identifiedthe Zanaqu as the headwaters, at the Rupsa-La pass (further west, at an altitude of

4,975 m/16,322 ft).As a consequence of the difficulty in determining the location of the

headwaters, figures for the Mekong's total length vary from 4,350 km (2,703 mi) to 4,909 km

(3,050 mi).

Approximately half the river's length is in China, where it is called the Dza Chu in Tibetan in its

upper course in Tibet (Chinese: ; pinyin: Z Q), and more generally the Lancang in

Chinese (simplified Chinese:; traditional Chinese:; pinyin:

Lncng Jing), meaning the "turbulent river". Much of this stretch consists of deep gorges,

and the river leaves China at an altitude of only 500 metres (1,640 ft). The entire river is knownas the Meigong in Chinese (Chinese: ; pinyin: Migng H).The river next forms the

border between Burma and Laos for 200 kilometres (120 mi), at the end of which it meets the

tributary Ruak River at the Golden Triangle. This point also marks the division between the

Upper and Lower Mekong.

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11/19

THE MEKONG NEAR THE GOLDEN TRIANGLE

The river then divides Laos and Thailand, before a stretch passing through Laos alone. It is

known as Ma Nam Khong (Mother of all rivers) in both Lao and Thai ( ). The Laostretch is characterised by gorges, rapids and depths of as little as half a meter in the dry

season. It widens south ofLuang Prabang, where it has been known to flood to 4 km (2 mi) inwidth and reach 100 metres (300 ft) in depth, although its course remains extremely

inconsistent. The endangered Giant Mekong Catfish was traditionally caught in this region once

yearly, following auspicious rites officiated by the quondam royal family.

The river again marks the Lao-Thai border in the stretch which passes Vientiane, followed by a

short stretch through Laos alone. This includes the Si Phan Don (four thousand islands) region

above the Khone Falls near the Cambodian border, where endangered dolphins can be

viewed. The falls are all but impassable to river traffic.

In Cambodia, the river is called the Mkngk or Tonle Thom (great river). The Sambor rapids

above Kratie are the last to impede navigation. Just above Phnom Penh is the confluence withthe Tonle Sap, the main Cambodian tributary. Below Phnom Penh, it divides into the Bassac

and the Mekong proper, which both flow into the Mekong Delta in Vietnam.

In Vietnamese, the river as a whole is known as M Kng. The part flowing through Vietnam,

known as Sng Cu Long (river of nine dragons), divides into two major branches, the Tin

Giang (Front River) and Hu Giang (Back River). These in turn enter the sea through nine

estuaries, thus the Vietnamese name.

About 90 million people rely on the river. The area they live in, known as the Greater Mekong

Subregion (GMS), comprises Yunnan and Guangxi Provinces in China, Burma, Lao PDR,

Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam. The main livelihood of the people of the GMS is riceproduction. Approximately 140,000 km (54,000 sq mi) of rice are grown in the GMS. A huge

number of rice varieties are grown along the Mekong. Of approximately 100,000 rice

accessions in the Rice Gene Bank of the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), about

40,000 come from the GMS.

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12/19

PROVINCES

Vietnam is divided into 59 provinces (known in Vietnamese as tnh, from the Chinese,

shng). There are also 5 centrally-controlled municipalities existing at the same level as

provinces (thnh ph trc thuc trung ng). The provinces are further subdivided into

provincial municipalities (thnh ph trc thuc tnh), townships (th x) and counties(huyn),

and then, subdivided into towns (th trn) orcommunes (x).

The centrally-controlled municipalities are subdivided into districts(qun) and counties, and

then, subdivided into wards (phng).

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13/19

ECONOMY

The Vietnam War destroyed much of the economy of Vietnam. Upon taking power, theGovernment created a planned economy for the nation. Collectivization of farms, factories andeconomic capital was implemented, and millions of people were put to work in governmentprograms. For many decades, Vietnam's economy was plagued with inefficiency and corruption

in state programs, poor quality and underproduction and restrictions on economic activities andtrade. It also suffered from the trade embargo from the United States and most of Europe afterthe Vietnam War. Subsequently, the trade partners of the Communist blocs began to erode. In1986, the Sixth Party Congress introduced significant economic reforms with market economyelements as part of a broad economic reform package called "i mi" (Renovation). Privateownership was encouraged in industries, commerce and agriculture. Vietnam achieved around8% annual GDP growth from 1990 to 1997 and continued at around 7% from 2000 to 2005,making it the world's second-fastest growing economy. Simultaneously, foreign investmentgrew threefold and domestic savings quintupled.

Manufacturing, information technology and high-tech industries form a large and fast-growingpart of the national economy. Vietnam is a relative new-comer to the oil business, but today it isthe third-largest oil producer in Southeast Asia with output of 400,000 barrels per day. Vietnamis one of Asia's most open economies: two-way trade is around 160% of GDP, more than twicethe ratio for China and over four times India's.

Vietnam is still a relatively poor country with an annual GDP of US$280.2 billion at purchasingpower parity (2006 estimate). This translates to a purchasing power of about US$3,300 percapita (or US$726 per capita at the market exchange rate). Inflation rate was estimated at7.5% per year in 2006. Deep poverty, defined as a percent of the population living under $1 per

day, has declined significantly and is now smaller than that of China, India, and the Philippines.As a result of several land reform measures, Vietnam is now the largest producer ofcashewnuts with a one-third global share and second largest rice exporter in the world afterThailand.Vietnam has the highest percent of land use for permanent crops, 6.93%, of any nation in theGreater Mekong Subregion. Besides rice, key exports are coffee, tea, rubber, and fisheryproducts.

However, agriculture's share of economic output has declined, falling as a share of GDP from42% in 1989 to 20% in 2006, as production in other sectors of the economy has risen.According to the CIA World Fact Book, the unemployment rate in Vietnam is one of the lowestin the world at 2%, trailing behind only Azerbaijan,Cuba, Iceland,Andorra and Liechtenstein.

Among other steps taken in the process of transitioning to a market economy, Vietnam in July2006 updated its intellectual property legislation to comply with TRIPS. Vietnam was acceptedinto the WTO on November 7, 2006. Vietnam's chief trading partners include Japan, Australia,ASEAN countries, the U.S. and Western European countries.

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14/19

SITES: THE NOTRE DAME CATHEDRAL AND THE GENERAL POST OFFICE

(A)Draw or Sketch out the Notre Dame Cathedral and the General Post Office in the spaceprovided (Take a photograph of the places to add on the details to your drawings at a latertime)

(B)Identify and Mark on your diagrams features of these buildings that make you aware thatthese are colonial buildings

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The Notre Dame Cathedral

The General Post Office


15/19

(C) Based on your observations about the Notre Dame Cathedral and the General Postoffice, the French colonial buildings, answer the following questions:

i. Why were these building built during the French colonial rule of Vietnam? State and explain 2reasons

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iii. Vietnam had a violent nationalist struggle to free the country from French rule. Why do you

think that these colonial buildings are still preserved in Vietnam? State and explain 2 reasons

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16/19

SITE: THE CHU CHI TUNNELS

(A) Either as you move through the Chu Chi Tunnels or once you have completed the trail,recall and trace the route you took in the tunnels. Add other details that you observedduring your trail along the Chu Chi Tunnel and outside.

(B) Take photographs of the various sites and details inside and outside the Tunnel for laterreference

(C) Based on yourobservations about the Chu Chi Tunnel, why do you think this tunnel wasbuilt by the Vietnamese? State and explain 2 reasons.

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17/19

SITE: WAR REMNANTS MUSEUM

(A)Explore the museum and answer the following questions.

(B)The War Remnants Museum has a specific Tone and Purpose.

(i) Identify evidences and artifacts in the Museum that stir certain emotions, feelings andthoughts in you about the tone and purpose of the Museum.

(ii) Sketch, Label and Describe these selected evidences/artifacts in the spaces provided

(iii) Take photographs of these artifacts

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18/19

(C) Study all the evidences that you have gathered above from the museum

(i) Why was the War Remnants Museum built? State and explain 2 reasons.

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(ii) How does the Vietnamese view the War with the Americans? To the Vietnamese was thewar with America part of an ideological war or a nationalistic war? Explain your answer withevidences from the Museum.

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19/19

BLOGGING ACTIVITIES FOR HISTORY CHANNEL TEAMS

(A) Imagine that you were one of the Vietnamese nationalist leaders, Ho Chi Minh, who hadstruggled to achieve independence of Vietnam from French colonial rule. Would you havepreserved or destroyed these colonial buildings?Why?Explain your answer.

(B)Now that your have experienced the Chu Chi Tunnel yourself and have found out moreabout these tunnels

Imagine that you were one of the Vietcong members who is hiding and living in the ChuChi Tunnel to fight a war against the French colonial masters and, later, the Americans.

Write a letter to your family describing your experience living in the Tunnel and fightingagainst the European powers

(i) Describe the living conditions in Chu Chi Tunnels(ii) Describe how you carry out your daily activities in the underground tunnels

(iii) Explain about the challenges and dangers you face living in the tunnel and fighting a waragainst the Western powers. Share your feelings/emotions.

(iv) Explain why you are willing to go through all these experiences and conditions

(C)Interview with a War/Vietcong Veteran(i) Write down a three questions you would want to ask the war veteran regarding the Vietnam

war with the Americans.(ii) Which aspects/information that the war veteran shared was the most interesting/shocking toyou? Why?

I, Ho Chi Minh,

core history journal

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