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This is an educational publication provided tohelp licensed healthcare practitioners understandthe science upon which CordyMax CS-4 is basedand the mechanism of action by which CordyMaxCS-4 works.This pamphlet should not be usedto sell CordyMax,and it should be distributedonly to licensed healthcare practitioners.

The only claims that can be made forCordyMax CS-4 are those that have beenapproved by the Company.

CordyMaxHealthcare Professional Product Guide

A Scientific Product Review

Proprietary Strain of Cordyceps Sinenesis Mycelia

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section) of the mushroom isjust aseffective or more so

than the rare and expensive wild one.2 Using ahigh-tech

process,the mycelium can be grown in much the same

way asyeast used in baking and brewing.Provided just the

right nutrients,environment,and other conditions, the

myceliumof Cordycepsholdsvirtually thesamebiological

activity of the wild form.

Theresearch on Cordycepsin Chinahasbeen extensive,

with the result that today there are anumber of mycelial

products.Each hasadifferent name and special conditions

for successful growth in culture.The most developed and

extensively studied strain isCs-4 (Paecilomyces hepial i),

which is grown using abasic medium made of soybean.

Mechanism of ActionCordyMax Cs-4 and wild Cordycepshave been

found to contain seven basic natural product classes:37

(1) proteins,peptides,amino acids,and polyamines;

(2) saccharidesand sugar derivatives;(3) sterols;(4) nucleo-

sides;(5) fatty acidsand other organic acids;(6) vitamins;and (7) inorganic elements.

CordyMax Cs-4 and wild Cordycepsalso contain

all the essential amino acids for humans.5,6 In addition,a

classof unique cyclic di-peptidesare present,such as:

cyclo- (Gly-Pro), cyclo- (Leu-Pro), cyclo- (Val-Pro),

cyclo- (Ala-Leu),cyclo- (Ala-Val), and cyclo- (Thr-Leu).

Cyclo- (Gly-Pro) may have pharmacological effectson

immune function.*

Saccharides(polysaccharidesand oligosaccharides)

and sugar derivatives(e.g.D-mannitol) were identified

and their pharmacological activity hasbeen reported.6

D-mannitol (originally identified asCordycepic acid)

hasbeen selected asone of the marker molecules for

standardizingCordycepspreparations.A group of interesting

oligo- and polysaccharides(Cs-1) isolated from natural

Cordycepsstimulatesmacrophage function, and promotes

lymphocyte transformation.*A bioactive 23-kD protein

bound polysaccharide wasshown to consist mainly of

mannose and galactose in aratio of three to five,together

with protein.

Sterolsisolated from both CordyMax Cs-4 and wild

Cordycepsinclude ergosterol, !3-ergosterol, ergosterolperoxide,-sitosterol, daucosterol, and campasterol.

Eleven nucleosidescompoundshave been found in

CordyMax Cs-4 and wild Cordyceps.Major nucleosides

in Cs-4 are adenosine (one of the bioactive marker

moleculesfor standardization),adenine,uracil,uridine,

guanosine, thymidine and deoxyuridine.

Twenty-eight saturated and unsaturated fatty acidsand

their derivativeshave been isolated.3,6 Polar compounds

of Cordycepsextractsand Cs-4 include compo

hydrocarbons,alcohols,and aldehydes.5,8

Scientific StudiesPre-Clinical

Fatigue-Fighting Function

Numerousscientific studiessuggest that Co

Cs-4 may promote natural vitality and reduce

Fatigue hasbeen defined asthe self- recognized

which an individual experiencesan overwhelm

sustained sense of exhaustion and decreased ca

physical and mental work that isnot relieved b

(Carpenito,1995).Cordycepshasbeen shown

Reduce oxidative stressby scavenging ox

free radicalsin mitochondria*

Promote efficient utilization of oxygen*

Elevate energy states(ATP) in organs*

Redistribute blood flow to essential orga

Improve liver and kidney functionsthrou

metabolizing and excreting toxic substan

Provide apositive benefit for sexual healt

Energy,V it alit y, and Endurance Enhanceme

In arecent study reported at the 46th annua

of the American College of SportsMedicine,C

Cs-4 wasshown to enhance the hepatic energy

mice.30Research performed in China indicated

CordyMax Cs-4 (5 g/kg, intraperitoneally,or 10

orally) dramatically reduced oxygen consumption

The mice lived longer,with an average surviva

67 and 49 minutesafter intraperitoneal or oral C

Cs-4, respectively.CordyMax Cs-4 induced red

oxygen consumption and prolonged survival in a

environment may suggest enhanced adaptation to

oxygen environment.* In aseparate study,10Cor

Cs-4 (520 g/kg) significantly prolonged surviva

in adose dependent fashion.Notably,natural C

treatment significantly increased theability of Yan

mice to endure cold,asmeasured by the surviva

in freezing temperature.10

The level of 86RhCl (an index of metabol

and increased blood flow)11 increased in the he

brain of mice given subcutaneousinjection of

to 20 g/kg).Blood flowsincreased by 114 perc

heart and 45.7 percent in brain in mice treated

the higher dose of Cs-4.

Together thesestudiesindicatethat CordyM

and Cordycepsmay be promoting more efficie

of oxygen under stressconditionsand increase

steady-state energy levels.*The biochemical mec

these effects,however, is not well understood.B

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administrat ion. This product is not intend ed to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any d isease. *These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administrat ion. This product is not intend ed to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

CordyMaxReduces Fatigue*

ummaryCordyMax Cs-4 isadietary supplement developed

nd marketed by Pharmanex,LLC to enable those people

th decreased energy and vitality to restore their capacity

function at anormal or ahigher level of activity.*

CordyMax Cs-4 isan all-natural fermentation product

erived from the principle Cordycepsfungal mycelia,

aecilomyceshepiali Chen and fermented on a soy-based

quid nutrient.CordyMax Cs-4 doesnot contain additives,

eservatives,or added ingredients.Cordyceps long history

use in Asia demonstratesan impressive safety record.

What is CordyMax Cs-4?

istor ical usage of Cordyceps sinensisMushroomswereused for food and medicinein China

sfar back asthe Neolithic period,6,0007,000 years

go.Today,medicinal mushroomsare growing increasingly

opular asfoods and ashealth supplementswith special

operties.Of all the medicinal mushroomsin China,

ordyceps(Cordycepssinensis) is unique and the most

rized.Cordycepsisofficially recognized in Chinaasa

ational medicinal treasure,aprecious,practically sacred,

nic-food that hasbeen used asa powerful restorative

r at least the last 1,000 years.Cordycepsreceived

orld-wide attention when American newsmagazines

terviewed Chinasrecord-breaking athleteswho revealed

reportersthat they took themushroomasapost-exercise

covery food between events.Since then, research on

ordycepshasgreatly increased in China.So far,over

000 patientshave been treated with the mushroom in

nical studiesto uncover the secret of itshealth benefits.

Cordyceps sinensis(Berk.) Sacc.(Cordyceps) isalso

nown asChinese caterpillar fungusor summer grass,

nter worm (Dong Chong Xia Cao in Chinese,or

hong Cao for short). For thousandsof years, the only

escriptionsof Cordycepswerethoseof theancient Chinese

ho alluded to the existence of astrange organism with

e amazing abili ty to transfigure itself into a plant and

en back again into an animal.Detailsof using Cordyceps

edicinally first appeared during the Ching Dynasty

the booksNewly Revised Materia Medica (Ben Cao

hong Xin, 1757 A.D.) and Supplement to Ben Cao

ang Mu (Ben Cao Gang Mu Shi Yi, 1765 A.D.) by

hao Xue-Ming.

In China,Cordyceps sinensisisaTraditional Chinese

Medicine (TCM) herb of choice to support lung and

kidney health.Theancient recordsclaimed that Cordyceps

isbeneficial to the heart, circulatory system,liver,kidneys,

respiratory system,sex organs,and immune system.* Due

to the scarcity and limited supply of wild Cordyceps, its

use in ancient timeswasreserved almost exclusively for

the Emperorspalace.

Nature of Cordyceps sinensis

Cordycepsisarare,caplesstype mushroom found at

altitudesof 9,000 to 16,000 feet in the high mountain

grasslandsof Tibet and Southwestern China.It belongs

to adiverse group of fungi that includesthe trufflesand

morels.Its Latin name,Cordyceps sinensis(Berk.) Sacc.,

describesthe swollen head (Cordyceps) appearing at the

top of the mushroom,which isonly slightly larger than

the stalk, and adark brown to black body resembling a

small blade of grassor an upright twig.The namesinensis

simply meansChinese.Cordycepshastwo distinct components:aparasitic

mushroomand acaterpillar host.Themushroom,Cordyceps

sinensis(Berk.) Sacc., is arare parasitic mushroom that

growson and extractsnutrientsfrom a certain species

of caterpillar,which,in this case,isprimarilyHepialus

armoricanusOberthr.It takesfive to seven yearsfor

Cordycepsto complete itslife cycle,mainly because only

4- to 6-year-old Hepialuscaterpillarsare vulnerable to

infection by the mushroom.1

At maturity,Cordyceps

ascusspreadsitssporeson the

ground,and the sporesare

carried underground by rain

water.Hepialuscaterpillars

reside six inchesunder-

ground and feed on roots

ofPolygonum viveparumL.In

late autumn,certain unknown

chemicals on the skin of mature (4 to 6 yearsold)

caterpillarsinteract with the fungal sporesand release

their fungal mycelia,which infectsand proliferatesinside

the caterpillar body.By early summer of the followingyear, the caterpillar diesfrom myceliainfestation and a

two-inch fungal fruit body from the tail of the caterpillar

appears.The final stage of thisspecimen iscalledCordyceps

sinensis.The principle fungal myceliaof Cordyceps sinensis

isPaecilomyces hepial iChen (Cs-4).

Recent scientific advanceshave literally brought the

mushroom down from the mountains.Using cell culture

technology,researchershavefound away to grow Cordyceps

commercially.The cultured mycelium (underground

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*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administrat ion. This product is not intend ed to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any d isease. *These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administrat ion. This product is not intend ed to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

nhanced vascular flow to essential organs,another

ypothesis is related to protection of intracellular mito-

hondria,the cellular energy machinery, from oxygen

ee radicals.* CordyMax Cs-4 and Cordycepsmay

odulate immune function1114 and optimize endocrine

stems.*5,8,15, 16The improvement in endocrine and

mmunefunctionscould influencebetter physical strength.*

ffect on L ung Function

In animal studies,8 CordyMax Cs-4 (6 g/kg,intra-

astric infusion) increased intratracheal secretion and had

n expectorant effect.The increase in secretion reached

peak during the second hour after taking CordyMax

s-4. CordyMax Cs-4 (5 g/kg,orally) waseffective in

ducing coughing frequency in mice.8 CordyMax Cs-4

duced histamine-induced isolated tracheal contractions,8

ut CordyMax Cs-4 (6 g/kg,orally) wasnot effective

gainst bronchoconstriction induced by amixture of

cetylcholine nitride (1.0%) and histamine (0.5%).8 In

uineapigs,Cs-4 (1.74 g/kg) delayed the onset ofonchoconstriction induced by acetylcholine.15

ordyMax Cs-4 inhibited acute pulmonary edema

duced by epinephrine in mice8 and prolonged

rvival time.

cientific StudiesClinicalmprovement i n Vi tali ty and Energy

A recent study presented at the 46th annual meeting

the American College of SportsMedicine showed that

ordyMax Cs-4 can increase aerobic capacity in healthy

derly humans.31 In adouble-blind,placebo-controlled

al,theCordyMax Cs-4 effectsweretested on 30 healthy,

derly subjectsrandomly assigned to receive three grams

day of either CordyMax Cs-4 or placebo.Exercise

erformance wastested before and after six weeksof

eatment using asymptom-limited,incremental work

te protocol on acycle ergometer.T hose subjectstaking

ordyMax Cs-4 during the six-week trial significantly

creased maximum oxygen uptake from 1.88 to 2.00

ersper minute.Those taking the placebo exhibited no

hange in performance.

Cordycepshasbeen known for centuriesfor itsenefitsasatonic against aging and senescence.* Recently,

everal papersreported clinical improvement of vitality,

oupled with an increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD)

ctivity and adecrease in oxygen free radicals.*17,18 It is

enerally recognized that one of the factors related to

ging isadramatic reduction of cellular superoxide

smutase (SOD) functions,leading to an accumulation

excessive oxygen free radicalsand oxidative damage

to cells. In one clinical study,66 senescent elderly patients

on CordyMax Cs-4 (3 g/day for three months)17,18 had

asignificant (15%) increase in SOD activity and better

vitality and energy scores,including ahigher tolerance

to cold than the control group.*

Heart H ealth

One of thelongest clinical studiesever conducted with

CordyMax Cs-4 wascompleted in 1995.Researchersat

Fu-Jian Medical College in Chinaset out to test Cs-4

for itspotential effectson the quality of life of 64 chronic

heart failure patients.The patientswere randomly assigned

to one of two groups:a control group of 30 patientswho

received conventional Western medicinesaloneand agroup

of 34 patientswho received theCs-4 asapotential adjuvant

therapy.The dosage of the Cs-4 was34 g/day in capsules

for an average of 26 months.The patientswere regularly

checked for changesin their ECGs,quality of life,and

other measurementsaccordingto Western medical standard.

While theinvestigatorsfound no significant differencebetween the number of patientswho died in each of the

two groups, they found very significant differencesin all

other measurements.In the shortnessof breath/fatigue

index, the control group on Western medicine alone

improved by an average of 25 percent.But in the group

on Cs-4 plus the Western medicine, the improvement

averaged 66 percent.Ultrasound revealed that aconsiderable

improvement had occurred in the Cs-4 group,whereas

the improvement in the control group wasonly modest.

Statistically significant improvementsshowed up in the

Cs-4 group in their cardiac output,stroke volume,and

heart beat.*

Measurable improvementswere found in general

activitiesin 12 of the 30 control patients,whereasamong

those on Cordycepsplusthe Western medicines,27 out

of 34 had improved.Improvementsin general well-being

and in psychological statuswere also statistically greater

in the Cs-4 group compared to the controls.* In terms

of psychological status, the improvement in the Cs-4

group was25 percent greater than the control group,

and in general well-being the Cs-4 group index reached

5.6 versus4.1 for the controls.A significantly greaternumber in the Cs-4 group experienced an increase in

feeling comfortable and an increase in self-control.*

Cordyceps and Healthy Cholesterol L evels

Thelargest study of Cordycepsin Chinafor promoting

healthy cholesterol levelswasa multicenter clinical trial

at nine hospitalswith 273 patients.Cordycepswasshown

to promote healthy HDL-c levels,which increasesthe

number of LDL-c that getscarried away for elimination.*

In two placebo-controlled clinical trialsin elderly patients,

Cs-4 wasshown to reduce the age-related oxidation of

fatsin thesystem.*Thered blood cellsof 60 to 84-year-old

patientson the Cs-4 therapy (3 g/day for three months)

had significantly higher levelsof one of the bodysown

antioxidants,and enzyme called superoxide dismutase

(SOD). SOD levels increased so much after the patients

took Cs-4 (from 882.74 138.05 to 1021.16 144.95)

that they reached levelscomparable to those of 17- to

20-year-olds(949.16 125.18) who were checked

for comparison.

A study of patientson Cs-4 for four weeksalso

showed asignificant decreasein cell-damaging freeradicals

known aslipoperoxides.* Lipoperoxidesare formed when

lipids(fats) in the body are oxidized or burnt by the

system,such asoccur in plaques.Researcherscan measure

them in the form of something called plasmamalondi-

aldehyde,or MDA levels.T he MDA levelswere initially

higher in theelderly patients,but after 23 monthson Cs-4,levelsbecame significantly lower,so low they reached

levels found in the 17- to 20-year-olds.T hese findings

indicate that Cordyceps(Cs-4) reducesoxidative damage

to cellscaused by free radicalswhich contribute to the

formation of plaque in artery walls.*

Health BenefitsPromotes Healthy Lung Function

In TCM,Cordycepsissaid to keep the lungsfit,and

iscalled lung-nourishing.* Cordycepshelpskeep the lungs

healthy through its ability to increase the activity of the

bodysown antioxidant,SOD.*The lung isbombarded

with free radicals(pollution,dust, smoke) and can only

defend itself by producing endogenousantioxidant free

radical scavengers,such asSOD.In onestudy,lung patients

placed on acourse of Cordycepsmyceliumpowder (three

330 mg capsules,three timesaday) for 21 daysshowed

ahighly significant increase (35.7%) in levels of the

naturally occurring antioxidant SOD compared to their

pre-Cordycepsreading.The increase indicated to the

investigatorsthat tissue repair and protective mechanisms

had gone into higher gear.*

Proprietary ProcessingBeginning in 1972,researchersat the prestigious

Institute of MateriaMedicaof the Chinese Academy of

Medicinal Scienceslabored for 10 yearscollecting and

analyzing Cordycepsfrom every corner of China.Because

Cordycepsisboth rare and very difficult to collect, their

goal wasto develop asuperior strain of the mu

for mycelial production to supply an increasing

Cs-4, the Cordycepsstrain they finally arriv

wasselected from 200 others.In order to be se

had to meet rigorousstandardsof safety,be able

in a variety of media,grow rapidly,and have littl

of becoming contaminated.Cs-4 wasfound at a

of over 12,400 feet in Huolong in the Province

Qinghai, an areatraditionally renown for the m

for millennia.In 1987,ChinasMinistry of Pub

approved Cs-4 for use by the general public.Late

national awardsand became the first traditiona

medicineofficially approved in thecountry since

medicinesbegan evaluation under Chinasnew

stringent Western scientific methodsfor approv

The fermentation product,CordyMax Cs

known asJin Shui Bao in Chinese,hasbeen pr

extensively by chemical and pharmacological m

Cs-4 appearsto comeclosest to the wild mushroo

way that the stage of fermentation usescold temthe similarity of itsoutward appearance when a

grow to maturity,thesimilarity of itschemical com

and in itsbeneficial actionsasaherbal supplemen

have shown that Cs-4 has,in some instances,pro

effective than the wild form.2

In 1995,Cs-4 (known asJin Shui Bao) wa

under intellectual property protection by the C

government;Pharmanex hasan exclusive licens

outside of China.

Side EffectsWith the exception of one case of allergic

reaction,no other severe adverse effectshave be

reported from cliniciansand hospital recordsin

since the initial introduction in 1989.

Clinical trials revealed very few side effects

supplementation with CordyMax Cs-4. Some s

noted asensation of thirst which decreased with

ued use,one subject reported slight nausea,and

subjectsnoted heartburn if CordyMax Cs-4 wa

beforemeals;all these effectswere well-tolerated

subjects,and none of these subjectsdiscontinuesupplementation because of these effects.

Safety and Toxicology DataCordyMax Cs-4 iswell- tolerated.5,7,8Acute

studiescould not define an oral LD 50 in mice

incidenceof toxic reaction hasbeen reported.Ac

ity studies,oral administration to mice showed

at 80 g/kg body weight,which is over 1,000 t

recommended human daily dose.A three-mon

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17. Zhang Z,et al. Clinical and laboratory studiesof Jin Shui Bao

in eliminatingoxygen freeradicalsin elderly senescent Xu-Zheng

(Astheniasyndrome) patients.J of Management of Traditional

ChineseMedicine1995;5:1418 (supplement).

18. Cao Z,Wen Y.T herapeutic effect analysisof Jin Shui Bao capsule

in treatment of 33 elderly Xu-Zheng(Astheniasyndrome) patients.

J of Applied Traditional ChineseMedicine1993;1:3233.

19. Shiao MS,WangZN,Lin LJ,et al.Profilesof nucleosidesandnitrogen

basesin Chinesemedicinal fungusCordyceps sinensisand related

species.Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica 1994;35:261267.

20. Xu WZ, Li LF,Shi KL, et al. [Effectsof Cordycepsmyceliaon

monoamineoxidaseand immunity]. Shanghai Journal of Traditional

ChineseMedicine1988;1:4849.

21. Da-Guang C.Effectsof Cs-4 Jin Shui Bao capsuleson thelife

qualitiesof patientswith chronic heart failure.J of Management

of Traditional ChineseMedicine1995;5:4043 (supplement).

22. WangWQ. Observationsof effectsof Jin Shui Bao on SOD activity

in COED patients.J of Management of Traditional Chinese

Medicine1995;5:24 (supplement).

23. JiangJ, Gao Y.Summary of treatment of 37chronic renal dysfunction

patientswith Jin Shui Bao (CordycepssinensisCs-4). J of Manage-

ment of Traditional ChineseMedicine1995;5:2324 (supplement).

24. HwaZL ,Wu DW.Theclinical efficacy ofCordyceps sinensisCs-4

capsule in treatingchronic bronchitisand itseffect on pulmonaryfunction. J of Management of Traditional ChineseMedicine

1995;5:911 (supplement).

25. Han SR. Experiencesin treatingpatientsof chronic bronchitisand

pulmonary diseaseswith Cs-4capsules(Jin Shui Bao). J of Manage-

ment of Traditional ChineseMedicine1995;5:3334(supplement).

26. Maolu L, Jianping W.Jin Shui Bao capsule asadjuvant treatment

for acutestagepulmonary heart disease:Analysis of therapeutic

effect of 50 clinical cases.J of M anagement of Traditional Chinese

Medicine1995;5:2829 (supplement).

27. Qu ZY,et al. Evaluation of therapeutic effect of Jin Shui Bao

capsule for treatment of respiratory disease.J of Management of

Traditional ChineseMedicine1995;5:2930 (supplement).

28. Lei J,et al.Pharmacological study onCordyceps sinensis(Berk.)

Sacc.and Cordyceps.ChinaJ of ChineseMateriaMedica1992;

17(6):364366.

29. Wu Y.ChineseJ of InfectiousDiseases1989;7(2):117.

30. Dai GW,Bao TT,Xu CF,Cooper R,Zhu JS,Cooper CB. Enhanced

hepatic energy statein miceafter administration of afermentation

product of CordycepsCs-4.M edicine& Sciencein Sports&

Exercise1999(supp);31(5):S120.

31. XioaY, Huang XZ,Chen G,Wang MB,Zhu JS,Cooper CB.

Increased aerobic capacity in healthy elderly humansgiven a

fermentation product of CordycepsCs-4.Medicine& Science

in Sports& Exercise1999(supp);31(5):S174.

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administrat ion. This product is not intend ed to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any d isease.

hronic toxicity study8 wasconducted in ratsfed with

ordyMax Cs-4 at adoseof 1,2,or 3 g/kg/day,equivalent

20,40,or 60 timesof the human dose, respectively.

atsin the treatment group showed similar growth

ncrease in body weight) with normal CBCs,liver,and

nal functionswhen compared to placebo control. No

orphological changeswereobserved in organsof

ordyMaxCs-4 treated rats.

Mice treated with CordyMax Cs-4 at oral dosesof

5,or 10 g/kg (60,100,or 200 timesthe human dose)

r30 daysdid not exhibit any significant abnormal effects.

icroscopic examination after 30 daysof treatment did not

veal any abnormalitiesin the organs,except for slightly

paque-swollen kidneysin only afew mice treated with

e highest dose group (200 timesof the human dose).

ogstreated for three monthswith CordyMax Cs-4 at

doseapproximately equal to threetimesthehuman dose

owed no adverse effects on body and organ weight,

owth,hematology,or clinical chemistry.7,8

CordyMax Cs-4isnon-mutagenic and non-teratogenic.7,8

Drug InteractionNo information isavailable on drug interactionswith

ordycepssinensis;however,due to the content of

denosine in the fungus, the inhibition of platelet

ggregation may affect patientson blood-thinning

nd antithrombotic medication.19

Cultured Cordycepsmycelium extractshave been

ported to display significant inhibition of monoamine

xidase type B in in vitro assays.20There is,however,no

ublished dataon the effect of these extractson MAO-B

vivo.Patientsreceiving MAO inhibitorsare advised

consult with aphysician before using CordyMax Cs-4.

Directions for UseAs adietary supplement for adults,take two capsules

wo or three timesdaily with food and drink. CordyMax

s-4 should be taken regularly for consistent results.Mi ld

fectsmay be evident within one week,while significant

fectsmay take three to six weeksto become evident.

ow SuppliedCordyMax Cs-4 capsules(525 mg each) are supplied

a one month supply of 120 capsules.The dark brown

owder isenclosed in easy-to swallow clear gelatin capsules.

ear gelatin capsulesare USP quality and are designed

disintegrate within 30 minutesafter ingestion.

torageStore in dry,cool place.Avoid excessive heat.Protect

om light.

Shelf LifeExpiration date and lot code numbersare imprinted

on the bottom of the box.

WarningsCordyMax Cs-4 hasnot been evaluated in children

and should only be used by adults.Because there are no

adequateand well-controlled studiesin pregnant or lactating

women,thisproduct should not beused during pregnancy

or lactation without the advice of a physician.

References1. DinghuaY,Tang X. Research progressof cultivation of Cordyceps

sinensis.ChinaJ of C hineseMateriaMedica1995.

2. Chen S,Jin S.Review of studieson host ofCordyceps sinensisin China.

SHIZHEN R esearch of ChineseMateriaMedica1992;3(1):3739.

3. Huang Q, et al.Weak polar chemical componentsin Cordyceps.

China J of ChineseMateriaM edica1991;14(11):3334.

4. Lie C,ShengXJ.Analysisof polyaminecomponentsof Cordyceps.

ChineseTraditional and Herbal Drugs1993;24(2):7172.

5. Fei X.Artificially cultured myceliaof Cordyceps sinensisin medical

usein China.ChinaJ of ChineseMateriaMedica1992;27(4):195198.6. YueD,et al.Cordyceps sinensis,Chapter 4.In an advanced study

for Traditional ChineseHerbal Medicine1995;1;91113.

7. Guo Y.Pharmaceutical chemistry,pharmacology,and clinical

effectsof Cordycepsfungusand its preparation Jin Shui Bao. J

of Modern Diagnosticsand Therapeutics1986;1:6065.

8. Zhu JS,Halpern GM,JonesK.TheScientific Rediscovery of an

Ancient ChineseHerbal Medicine:Cordyceps sinensisPart I and II .J

AlternativeComplementary Medicine1998;4(3):289303,

429457.

9. Lou, et al.Cardiovascular pharmacological studiesof ethanol extracts

of CordycepsmyceliaandCordycepsfermentation solution.Chinese

Traditional and Herbal Drugs1986;17(5):721.

10. Bao T,et al.Pharmacology actionsof Cordyceps sinensis.Chinese

J of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine

1988;8(6):352354 (English Abstract p.325).

11. Zhang H,Li Y. Immunopharmacology ofCordyceps sinensis.

ChineseJ of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine1990;

10(9):570571.

12. Chen D,et al.A study on theinfluencesof natural Cordyceps sinensis

and itscultured myceliaon murineimmuno-organsand functions

of mononuclear phagocytesystem.ChineseJ of IntegratedTraditional

and Western M edicine 1985;5(1):4244 (English Abstract,p.5).

13. Liu G, Xu R . Immuno-pharmacologic activity ofCordyceps

sinensisSacc.ChineseJ of Integrated Traditional and Western

Medicine1985;5(10):622624 (English Abstract,p.581).

14. Liu P,et al.I nfluenceof Cordyceps sinensis(Berk.) Sacc.and ratserumcontainingSamamedicineon IL-1,IFN, and TNF

producedby rat Kupffer cells.ChinaJ of ChineseMateria

Medica1996;21(6):367369 (English Abstract,p.384).

15. Wang Q, Zhao Y. Comparison of somepharmacological effects

betweenCordyceps sinensis(Berk.) Sacc.and Cephalosprium

sinensisChen sp.nov.Bulletin of ChineseMateriaMedica

1987;12(11):682684 (English Abstract p.704).

16. Wan F,et al.Sex hormone-like effectsof J in Shui Bao.Chi nese

Traditional Patent Medicine1988;9:2931.

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2 0 0 0 Pha rm an ex, LLC. A ll Rig h t s Rese rv ed .

75 W est Center Provo, Utah 8460 1

Tel: 1- 8 01-3 4 5 -9800 Fax: 1- 8 0 0 - 8 0 0 - 0 2 5 9

www.pha rmanex .com

Selection Exhaustive scientific review of research and databases is conducted.Authenticity,usefulness,and safety standards are determined.

Sourcing Teams of experts investigate potential sources and evaluate quality.Comprehensive botanical and chemical evaluations are completed.

Structure Structural analyses of natural compounds are determined.Active ingredients are isolated and studied.

Standardization Strict standardization to at least one relevant marker molecule is required.Proprietary processing methods to increase consistency and ensure measured doseeffectiveness are developed.

Safety Safety is assessed from available research.Microbial test, chemical, toxin,and heavy metal analyses are conducted.

Substantiation Documented pre-clinical and clinical studies are reviewed.Pharmanex sponsored studies are initiated when appropriate.

For M ore Information:To learn more about the Pharmanex line of natural healthcare products, please call

Customer Service 1-800-487-1000 or FAX us at 1-800-800-0259.

Visit our Web site and access information directly at www.pharmanex.com

01 109637/5

The Pharmanex6S Quality ProcessThe Pharmanex 6S Quality Process is central to the Pharmanex

mission of transforming time-honored, traditional preparations into

health promoting botanical products with known content and consis-

tent activity.