coral triangle fishers forum
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Coral Triangle Fishers Forum. 15-17 June 2010 Bali, Indonesia. Bycatch Initiatives for Pacific Islands from SPC. Steve Beverly, Secretariat of the Pacific Community. Themes. Fishing gear experiments Protected species ToT workshop Awareness materials Tools Databases Lessons learned. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Coral Triangle Fishers Forum
15-17 June 2010Bali, Indonesia
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Bycatch Initiatives forPacific Islands from SPC
Steve Beverly,Secretariat of the Pacific Community
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Themes
• Fishing gear experiments• Protected species ToT workshop• Awareness materials• Tools• Databases• Lessons learned
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Deep setting technique, or
• Effects of eliminating shallow hooks from tuna longline sets on target and non-target species in the Hawaii-based pelagic longline fishery
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No shallow hooks
• Reduce bycatch of epipelagic and protected species
• Ensure that all hooks fish below 100 meters of depth
• Determine if method is operationally feasible within existing fishery
• Analyze changes in catch composition
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Method• Uses mainline as floatline
• 3 kg lead weights are attached directly to mainline to sink all gear below 100 meters
• TDRs attached to all sets at first and middle hook positions
• 2000 hooks per set
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Operational plan• 7 trips• 90 sets - alternated• 45 control vs 45 deep sets • No running or time break
between paired sets• Used same gear/bait for all sets• 14 sets per trip• Most trips lasted 21 days• Trips ran from June-December
2006
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Catch % by gear type
Sickle pomfret
Opah
Shortfin mako shark
Bigeye tuna
Blue shark
Yellowfin tuna
Albacore tuna
Broadbill swordfish
Escolar
Blue marlin
Wahoo
Mahimahi
Striped marlin
Shortbill spearfish
%Deep
%Control
Deep setting:Deep setting:
IncreasesIncreases
No effectNo effect
DecreasesDecreases
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Lessons learned
• Fisheries dependent experiments work better if the vessel has been chartered or otherwise compensated
• Just because a mitigation method works well does not mean that it will be taken up or put into regulations
• Fishermen are very concerned about cost – in time and money of mitigation methods
• Fishermen come up with solutions
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Large circle hook experiments
• Establish cooperative research relationships• Test large circle hooks in existing Pacific Island
domestic longline fisheries • Determine the efficacy of large circle hooks at
catching target species compared with the hooks currently in use in the fisheries
• Promote the use of large circle hooks in the fisheries
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What is a circle hook?
• Polynesian hook • Steel circle hook
• Point/shank 90o • Rotating hook
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Other longline hooks
• Japan tuna hook • J hook/Spanish hook
• Terashima hook
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Method
• Change half of vessels’ hooks to16/0 stainless steel offset circle hooks
• Begin first set by alternating hooks• All other sets have a random mixing of hooks• Maintain a 50/50 ratio• Monitor all catch by hook type• Make no other changes to fishing operations• Utilize local observers
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Catch composition (number caught)
34%
30%
17%
10%
7% 1%1%
Albacore tuna
Mahimahi
Broadbill swordfish
Bigeye tuna
Skipjack tuna
Striped marlin
Wahoo
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Target species catch by hook type
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Albac
ore tu
na
Mah
imah
i
Broadb
ill sw
ordf
ish
Bigey
e tuna
Skipja
ck tu
na
Stripe
d m
arlin
Waho
o
Species
Nu
mb
er c
aug
ht
O HOOK
X HOOK
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Lessons learned
• Many fishermen are already using circle hooks• Cooperative research involving fishermen,
fisheries departments, RFMOs, IGOs, and NGOs can work well
• Identification of hooks by type and size is very important
• 50-100,000 hooks needed for analysis
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Protected species ToT workshop 2009
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Lessons learned
• Training of Trainers probably needs to be an ongoing activity because of turnover
• Resource materials and/or protected species course should be delivered as a generic finished product that can be amended according to individual country needs and practices
• Fulfills obligations of exporting countries
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Awareness materials
• Manuals• Brochures• Posters/stickers• Species ID guides
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Lessons learned
• Print limited numbers of awareness materials as things change rapidly and mistakes are made (eg, teracima/Terashima)
• Initial bi-lingual or tri-lingual material saves translation and reproduction costs down the road
• Include distribution costs in budget proposals• Ship as cargo not as baggage
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Tools given out by SPC
• De-hookers• Line cutters• Bolt cutters• Dip nets
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Alternative tools
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Lessons learned
• Money can be saved by being innovative. Line cutter made with seat belt cutter cost $2.50. Commercial line cutter costs $200.
• De-hookers can be made from common materials
• Buying in bulk saves money.• De-hookers, line cutters, and dip nets have
other useful applications on a longline boat so are an easy sell.
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Bycatch Databases
• Catch and effort database from logbooks and observer reports – in progress at SPC
• Document database – in progress at SPC• Lessons learned – budget a lot for this kind of
activity – it takes longer than you think, set up data bases as living documents, and hire a webmaster
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Terimah Kasih dan Sampai Jumpa