copyright national air filtration association 2006 rev. 2 schools
TRANSCRIPT
Copyright National Air Filtration Association2006 Rev. 2
SchoolsSchools
Copyright National Air Filtration Association2006 Rev. 2
In The News!
Orange County, Florida. A veteran teacher took disability leave as a result of chronic fungal sinusitis, which she claims was caused by her school's air. Spores were detected in seven Orange County schools at levels high enough to cause allergic reactions. (Orlando Sentinel Tribune)
Pomeroy, Washington. Students and teachers at a high school experience sore eyes, coughing, dry throats, and other symptoms. Twelve of 21 staff members reported symptoms. It was determined that the ventilation system was not operating properly. (Lewiston Morning Tribune)
University of Massachusetts, Boston. In separate incidents just days apart, eight and 27 people were treated for medical symptoms including nausea, burning lips, tight throats. The university closed the campus twice to conduct indoor air quality investigations. The university claimed that the problems resulted in part, from an inadequate ventilation system. (The Boston Globe)
Copyright National Air Filtration Association2006 Rev. 2
Illinois School Repairs Reduce CO2 Results In Cleaner Air
Copyright National Air Filtration Association2006 Rev. 2
Why are schools in the forefront?
• 51 million people occupy school buildings each school day (1 in 6)
– 2.3 million teachers
– 126,000 administrators
– 600,000 support staff
• 110,000 schools– 85,000 public
– 25,000 private
Copyright National Air Filtration Association2006 Rev. 2
School IAQ Culprits
Particulate Non-viable – airborne dirt, dust, lead, and asbestos Viable – bacteria, mold, and mildew that come from
contaminated air handling systems, books, carpets, etc.
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC’s) Chemicals such as formaldehyde or other gases from
building materials, carpets, furniture, or ozone from copiers and other office equipment
Copyright National Air Filtration Association2006 Rev. 2
Pollution Contributors
• Computers
• Pesticides
• Waxes
• Glues and resins
• Disinfectants
• Deodorants
• Smoking
• Insulating material
• Photocopiers
• Solvents
• Inks
• Carpeting
• Deodorizers
• Hairsprays
• Perfumes
• PEOPLE
Copyright National Air Filtration Association2006 Rev. 2
Pollution Contributors
• PEOPLE
– Colds
– Flu
– Ring Worm
– Conjunctivitis
Copyright National Air Filtration Association2006 Rev. 2
Particle Emission Based Upon Activity
Activity Particles
Standing/Sitting (no movement) 100,000
Light movement 500,000
Body & arm movement 1,000,000
Changing Positions 2,500,000
Slow walking 5,000,000
Average walking 7,500,000
Calisthenics 15 million plus
Copyright National Air Filtration Association2006 Rev. 2
Sick Building Syndrome
Eye Irritation
Dry Throat
Rhinitis
Runny Nose
Headache
Fatigue
Sinus Congestion
Skin Irritation
Shortness of Breath
Cough
Dizziness
Nausea
Mental Confusion
MILD
SEVERECourtesy of Jeff Moores 2003© www.jeffmoores.com 1.585.229.4603
Copyright National Air Filtration Association2006 Rev. 2
Respiratory Disease and Absenteeism
• Respiratory tract infections are the most common infectious illnesses among humans
• Respirable particles are under 5.0 microns in size• ASHRAE 1996 Systems & Equipment
• Estimated to annually cause in the United States:– 150 million lost workdays– 75 million physician visits– $15 billion medical care costs
• World Health Organization
Copyright National Air Filtration Association2006 Rev. 2
Airborne Concern
• 3.0 micrometer is representative of airborne droplet nuclei
• Associated with coughs and sneezes
• Transport mechanism for viruses and bacteria
Copyright National Air Filtration Association2006 Rev. 2
Particles Produced by Infected Persons
Copyright National Air Filtration Association2006 Rev. 2
Classroom Environment
• 2/3 of school population average 30 students and 1 teacher per 1000 sq feet
• At 15 cfm / person, the outside air requirement per classroom is 465 cfm per ASHRAE 62.1-2001
• Existing units at 10% outside air introduce 200 cfm
Copyright National Air Filtration Association2006 Rev. 2
Common Filters
• Low grade filters of fiberglass / polyester construction offer little protection in 3.0 micrometer range
• MERV 1 to 4Information on particle size versus efficiency - NAFA
Copyright National Air Filtration Association2006 Rev. 2
Low Resistance Pleated Panels
• MERV 8 provides over 70% efficiency in the 3.0 to 10 micrometer range
• 200% more efficient than throw-away filters
Copyright National Air Filtration Association2006 Rev. 2
Financial Consideration
• $6,100 per pupil, per year, based upon attendance (may vary with school district)
• 180 day school year or $33.88 per day
• 3% absenteeism is 5.4 days or $183 in lost aid
• 2% absenteeism would reduce to $122
An increase in aid of $61 PER STUDENT
Copyright National Air Filtration Association2006 Rev. 2
Goals of Proper Air Quality
• Lower the health risk
• Reduce absenteeism of students, faculty, and staff
• Improve energy efficiency
• Reduce liabilities
It’s the Right Thing to Do!
Copyright National Air Filtration Association2006 Rev. 2
Resources
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Building Air Quality: A Guide for Building Owners and Facility Managers
Kits can be ordered from
Government Printing Office
(stock no. 0-16-035919-8)
Or Call GPO at (202) 512-1800