content standard for last-mile alert and notification sharing knowledge on disaster warning, with a...

Content Standard for Last-Mile Alert and Notification

Sharing Knowledge on Disaster Warning, with a focus on Community-based Last-Mile Warning Systems

Sarvodaya Head Quarters, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka28th-29th Mar 2007

Nuwan Waidyanatha12 Balcombe Place, Colombo 08, Sri Lanka

Tel: +94 (0)773 710 394Email: [email protected]

The general objective is to evaluate the suitability of five ICTs deployed in varied conditions for their suitability in the last mile of a national disaster warning system for Sri Lanka and possibly by extension to other developing countries.

HazInfo Research Matrix for Pilot Project

Communication System under Scrutiny

HIH 203.88.69.241

AsiaStar

Singapore58.185.127.202

Touluse82.225.29.106

Server

Colombo202.69.192.51

UDP/IP Recievers

Monitor

GSM Tower

GSM Devices

Group

Group

Hong Kong203.88.69.241

Admin

Ottawa64.26.169.57 TCP/IP PCs

Group

ColomboPSTN

CDMA Tower

CDMA Phones

Group

CDMA Tower

Server

Server

Server

Singapore203.88.69.241

Server

AsiaSat II

WorldSpace

Dialog

Solana

Sri Lanka Telecom

Speedcast

Melbourne203.4.254.115

Colombo172.40.1.249

Server

AsiaSat-II

HIH 202.69.197.113

Server

Tower

Example of Input Message to the last-Mile Hazard Warning System

TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TESTLast-Mile HazInfo Simulation. No Repeat No Real Event is Effect

TROPICAL CYCLONE ADVICE NUMBER 001Issued at 09:55 am on Monday, December 11, 2006BY Anonymous

A SEVERE CATEGORY 4 CYCLONE is now current for AMPARA and MATARA District coastal areas. At 06:00 am local time SEVERE TROPICAL CYCLONE MONTY was estimated to be 80 kilometres northeast of Ampara District and moving southwest at 10 kilometres per hour. Severe Tropical Cyclone Monty is expected to cross the coast in the vicinity of Ampara and Matara Districts during Monday. Gales with gusts to 180 kilometres per hour are likely in coastal communities in Ampara and Matara District during the day.

This is to alert the residents of Ampara and Matara District about the potential of a very dangerous storm tide as the cyclone centre approaches the coast. Tides are likely to rise significantly above the normal high tide mark with very dangerous flooding, damaging waves and strong currents.

Widespread heavy rain and further flooding are likely in southern parts of the Ampara and Matara Districts over the next few days.

TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TESTLast-Mile HazInfo Simulation. No Repeat No Real Event is Effect.

Example of Output Message from Hazard-Information-Hub to the Last-Mile

<alert><identifier>HIH-2006-12-11T143500</identifier><sender>[email protected]</sender><sent>2006-12-11T10:20:25.0000000+06:00</sent><status>Exercise</status><msgType>Alert</msgType><source>[email protected]</source><scope>Restricted</scope><info>

<language>en-US</language><category>Meto</ category>< event>Cyclone</event><responseType>Prepare</responseType><urgency>Expected</urgency><severity>Severe</severity><certainty>Observed</certainty><description>At 06:00 am local time SEVERE TROPICAL CYCLONE MONTY was estimated to be 80 kilometers northeast of Ampara District and moving southwest at 10 kilometers per hour. Severe Tropical Cyclone Monty is expected to cross the coast in the vicinity of Ampara and Matara Districts during Monday. Gales with gusts to 180 kilometers per hour are likely in coastal communities in Ampara and Matara District during the day.This is to alert the residents of Ampara and Matara District about the potential of a very dangerous storm tide as the cyclone centre approaches the coast. Tides are likely to rise significantly above the normal high tide mark with very dangerous flooding, damaging waves and strong currents. Widespread heavy rain and further flooding are likely in southern parts of the Ampara and Matara Districts over the next few days. </description>

</alert>

MTTF of Communities with Addressable Satellite Radios

Mean Time to Failure of Communities with AREA - B

0.690.61

1.00

0.780.89

0.00

1.00

0.00 0.00

0.92

0.36

0.89

0.00

1.00

0.720.86

Community Name

MT

TF

Mobile Phone MTTF

Mean Time To Failure of Communities with Mobile Phones

0.89

0.00 0.00

1.00

0.00

0.83

0.00

1.00

0.00 0.00 0.00

0.891.00 1.00

Community Names

MT

TF

CDMA 1x_RTT Fixed Phones

Mean Time To Failure of Communities with CDMA 1x_RTT Fixed Phones

1.00

0.00

1.00

0.78

1.00

0.00

0.36 0.36

0.72

Community Name

MT

TF

Remote Alarm Device MTTF

Mean Time To Failure of Communities with GSM Remote Alarm Devices

0.00 0.00

0.72

Kalmunai II Modarapelessa Thondamanar Venamulla

Community Name

MTT

F

Control Village MTTF

Mean Time To Failure of Communities that had No ICTs deployed

0.92

0.87

1.00

0.89

Abeysainghepura Mirissa South Talpitya Modara

Community Name

MTT

F

Sigmoid Scaling Function for Language Diversity

Study the Effectiveness of ICT as a Warning Technology

Value Fuzzy Rule

1.00 Sinhala, Tamil, & English

0.95 Sinhala & Tamil

0.85 Sinhala & English

0.70 Sinhala Only

0.50 Tamil Only

0.20 English Only

0 Otherwise

info <language> ‘ta’ <category> <event> <urgency> <severity> <certainty> <description>

info <language> ‘si’ <category> <event> <urgency> <severity> <certainty> <description>

info <language> ‘en’ <category> <event> <urgency> <severity> <certainty> <description>

alert <incidents> <identifier> <sender> <sent> <status> <msgtype> <scope>

resource <resourceDesc>

area <areaDesc>

ICT /Measure

AS

R

RA

D

MP

FP

VS

AT

Language Diversity(‘si’, ‘tm’, ‘en’)

0.20 0.20 1.00 1.00 0.20

Full CAP (‘XML’) 0.85 0.70 0.70 0.80 0.20

Mediums (audio, text) 0.95 0.85 0.85 0.95 0.85

Rating 0.53 0.34 0.90 0.45 0.03

Silent-Test = {Sinhala, Tamil, & English}

Live-exercises = {ENGLISH}

Sigmoid Scaling Function for Full CAP Compliance

Value Rules

1.00 All sub elements that are contained in the <Alert> element, which includes all the qualifier and sub elements

0.95 Mandatory defined in the Profile for Sri Lanka, which are the sub elements of the qualifier <alert> qualifier and <Info> elements -- <urgency>, <severity>, <certainty>, <description>

0.85 Mandatory sub elements of the <alert> qualifier element and the sub element <description>

0.70 <description> only

0.50 Mandatory sub elements of the <alert> element only

0 Otherwise


ICT /Measure

AS

R

RA

D

MP

FP

VS

AT


0.20 0.20 1.00 1.00 0.20

Full CAP (‘XML’) 0.85 0.70 0.70 0.80 0.20

Mediums (audio, text) 0.95 0.85 0.85 0.95 0.85

Rating 0.76 0.34 0.90 0.45 0.03






area <areaDesc>

Effectiveness of ICTs as a Warning Technology

InterfaceHIH Monitor issued CAP Message

Receiver Device and {Medium}

ICT Guardian receivedMessage elements

Community Executed ERP

DEWN Internet Browse

<info> sub element with <Language>en<Description> … {no size restriction}<Language>si<Description> … {no size restriction} <Language>tm<Description> … {no size restriction}

MP{Text}

“Warning” <info> <Language>en<Description> A SEVERE CATEGORY 4 CYCLONE… <Language>si<Description> …{sinhala}<Language>tm<Description> … {tamil}{restricted by 130 characters}

Tsunami Evacuation

RAD {Text}

ANNY Internet Browser(AREA)

All sub elements in <Alert> element and message in <Language>en only.

AREA – B {Text}

<msgType>Alert<Scope>restricted<Sender>hih<Status>exercise<Category>met<Urgency>expected<Severity> sever<Certainty>observed<Event>A SEVERE CATEGORY 4 CYCLONE … {restricted 250 characters}

Tsunami Evacuation

IPAS Internet Browser

<Description> with <Language>en only … {no size restriction}

Personal Computer {Text}

<Description> A SEVERE CATEGORY 4 CYCLONE … {no size restriction}

Not Applicable

CDMA 2000 1x_RTT

<Description> … {no size and language restriction}

CDMA2000 1x_RTT Telephones {Audio}

<Description> A SEVERE CATEGORY 4 CYCLONE …{no size restriction}

Tsunami Evacuation

Sigmoid Scaling Function for -- Mix of Audio and Text Communication Medium


Value Fuzzy Rule

1.00 Audio and Text

0.95 Audio only

0.85 Text only

0 Otherwise

ICT /Measure

AR

EA

RA

D

MP

FP

VS

AT


0.20 0.20 1.00 1.00 0.20

Full CAP (‘XML’) 0.85 0.70 0.70 0.80 0.20

Medium (audio, text) 0.95 0.85 0.85 0.45 0.85

Rating 0.84 0.28 0.90 0.76 0.03






area <areaDesc>

Reliability and Effectiveness of the ICT

Reliability is measured as the difference between the time it takes ICT Guardian to “receive” message and the time the message was “received” by the ICT Provider.

Study the Reliability of ICT as a Warning Technology

ICT /Measure

AR

EA

RA

D

MP

FP

VS

AT

Reliability 0.84 0.28 0.90 0.45 -

Effectiveness (Complete CAP Messaging only)

0.76 0.12 0.59 0.76 0.03

Rating 0.63 0.34 0.53 0.34 -

Discussion of the Hypothesis

1. Stage 4 & 5 Sarvodaya villages that are more organized, i.e., have a formal structure that enables coordination and direction of activities will respond more effectively to hazard warnings than less organized stage 1, 2 & 3 villages.

2. Villages that are provided training in recognizing and responding to hazards along with deployment of ICTs will respond more effectively to hazard warnings than villages that received no training.

3. Villages that have ICTs deployed for dissemination of hazard information will respond more effectively to hazard warnings than villages that have to rely on their existing channels of information for warnings.

4. ICTs that in addition to their hazard function, can also be leveraged in other areas to enrich the lives of the villages will potentially have lower downtime than ICTs that are poorly integrated into the day to day life of the beneficiaries.

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