construction waste(1) (1)

7/24/2019 Construction Waste(1) (1)

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Sustainable Waste ManagementMaterial efciency and construction

waste

Dr Paul Gilbert

Lecturer in Climate Change, Sustainability and Project Management


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From Zero Waste, 2 degrees,

http://www.2degreesnetwork.com/preview/resource/2degrees-sustainability-essentials-zero-waste/

The Waste Hierarchy

#
http://www.2degreesnetwork.com/preview/resource/2degrees-sustainability-essentials-zero-waste/http://www.2degreesnetwork.com/preview/resource/2degrees-sustainability-essentials-zero-waste/http://www.2degreesnetwork.com/preview/resource/2degrees-sustainability-essentials-zero-waste/http://www.2degreesnetwork.com/preview/resource/2degrees-sustainability-essentials-zero-waste/


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Learning outcome

'( A))reciate the o*erarching waste generated +romthe construction industry

#( eca) the conce)t o+ material efciency

!( Assess -ey construction materials and understandwhat measures can be ta-en to ma.imise materialefciency

/( .)lore the barriers to material efciency

&( 0nderstand the role o+ )olicy in material efciency

$( A))reciate the actions sta-eholders can ta-e toim)ro*e material efciency !


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1ibliogra)hy

2ulian Allwood and 2onathan Cullen 3 SustainableMaterials4 with both eyes o)en htt)4%%withbotheyeso)en(com%

Material efciency4 A White Pa)er

WAP4 Construction htt)4%%www(wra)(org(u-%construction%

Source noted at bottom o+ slide when a))licable ashy)erlin-

Some case study material is a*ailable as e.ternal/


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1. Appreciate the overarchingwaste generated from theconstruction industry

&


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Some +acts5

The construction industry issignicantly important for

the UKs economy

6ut)ut worth 7'""bn % year

Accounts +or 89: o+ 0;


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However, having such an important role insociety also

leads to the generation of consideraleamounts of waste!

>


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9


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Construction waste inngland%0;

"epartment of #ood, $nergy and %uralA&airs '"$#%A(

estimates)

?otal construction and demolition waste in nglandin #""9 was 9> million tonnes 8 total '/& million tonnes o+ solid waste

@m)ortant as signicant contribution to landll

&! million tonnes recycled

'' million s)read on e.em)t sites Blandreclamations, in+rastructure )rojects etc

emaining ## million tonnes sent to landll


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Legislati*e dri*ers

0; Go*ernment uses combination o+ regulation,economic instruments and *oluntary agreementsto minimise waste

Strategy +or Sustainable Construction

'"


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Strategy +or SustainableConstruction

Ste) change in sustainability o+ )rocurement, designand o)eration o+ all built assets 3 dri*en by inno*ation

educe carbon emissions and resource consum)tion in

new buildings

ncouraging industry to dri*e its own resourceefciency )rogramme

?arget to hal*e amount o+ construction, demolition ande.ca*ation waste going to landll by #"'# Bcom)aredto #""9 +rom reduction, reuse and recycling

''


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WAP dri*ers

*aste and resource action programme

+ principles to design out waste focus ofA%U- guest lecture'( euse and reco*ery

#( 6EFsite construction

!( Materials o)timisation

/( Waste efcient )rocurement

&( Deconstruction and e.ibility

0PDA?4 ?M&$ esource efciency o+ buildingser*ices #"'/

. Guidance on resource efciency issued by C@1S

. aising issues o+ +or the sector '#
http://www.cibse.org/Knowledge/CIBSE-TM/TM56-Resource-Efficiency-of-Building-Services-NEWhttp://www.cibse.org/Knowledge/CIBSE-TM/TM56-Resource-Efficiency-of-Building-Services-NEW


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. %ecap the concept of /aterial$0ciency

'!

For a detailed introduction see:

!aterial "##iciency: $ %hite &aper

$llwood, $shby, 'utowski and %orrell

C t id ti +


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Current consideration o+waste o*er the li+eFcycle

'/

Haturalresource

e.traction

Material)roduction

Demolition

Constructi

on

$modiedenergy andemissions)?o )roduce

steel, cement,)lastic etc

(ammond and )ones embodied

*indirect+ emissions associated with

construction materials
http://opus.bath.ac.uk/12382/1/Hammond_&_Jones_Embodied_energy_&_carbon_Proc_ICE-Energy_2008_161(2)_87-98.pdfhttp://opus.bath.ac.uk/12382/1/Hammond_&_Jones_Embodied_energy_&_carbon_Proc_ICE-Energy_2008_161(2)_87-98.pdf


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1ut these efciency im)ro*ements +rom

)roducing the materials could, at best, im)ro*eby &: and, at worse, are e.hausted

However! Demand is antici)ated to grow o*er the ne.t /"

years

@n +ace o+ resource use and climate change it willlead to unacce)table im)acts

Su))ly side issues to tac-le waste will not beenoughI

Absolute demand +or material )rocessing and'&


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/aterial e0ciency) providing material services 'ieconstruction

industry( with less material production 'andtherefore less waste(

'$


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. Assess three 2ey construction materialsand understand what measures can eta2en to ma3imise material e0ciency

'>


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Steel and aluminium

Steel and aluminium industry trans+orm ore or scra)to

intermediate )roducts

'( Structural steel

#( ein+orcing bars!( Sheet steel

Con*erting into nal goods4. ?he construction industry uses &/: o+ global steelJ '&" Mt

+or in+rastructure and /!! Mt in buildings

'9


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Steel4 Sources o+ waste

45 from steel industry 1eginning and ends o+ castings and trimmings oE

rolled material

645 from farication and manufacturing

Cutting out non7tessallatingsha)es

Kabrication scra) arises +rom rolled stri) and )late

Minimised i+ customers +ound +or all sha)es cut

8ver7ordering

Costly delay i+ material is not +ound in time

6*erFordered material is recycled5 not resold'


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#"


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1ric-s and bloc-s @ncludes clay bric-s, concrete )recast and aerated bloc-s and

stone bloc-s used +or buildings, walls, )a*ing and in+rastructuresuch as bridges and sewers

6*er one million tonnes o+ bric- and tile waste is )roduced inthe 0; e*ery year

ner and carbon intensi*e to roduce 3 cement 8/: lobal#'


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1ric-s and bloc-s4 Source o+waste

"amage during unloading and storage

Dedicated storage 3 li+etime o+ 8#"" yearthere+ore undamaged bric-s can be reused

"amage during cutting

Consider waste during design to minimise need+or cutting

"emolition and refurishment

Care+ul se)aration so material can be reclaimedand reused onsite or sold

Damaged material used as aggregate##


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Approaches to e morematerial e0cientAdhering to waste hierarchy!

#!


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9onger life products '/inimise(Why is a building rated at 100 year lifetime being demolished

after 40 years? Ma-e more durable

0)grade them in terms o+ relati*e )er+ormance +all oEs

6nion s-in model

Consumers 3 easier to choose u)grades than higher cost,

longer lasting )roduct

Su))liers 3 only )romote i+ sufcient income +rom ser*icingand maintenance Bconsumers can demand this5

%educing nal demand for materialservices

Pro*ide more ser*ices with less material by more intenseuse3 Schools5

Kinding alternati*e ways to deli*er ser*ices, using lessmaterials #/


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#ive principles for using less metal design

out waste Su))ort multi)le loads with +ewer structures

Don


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#$

How can we use less material by design?

What are barriers to achieving this in practice?


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Case study4 6lym)ic stadiumBeduce

?russ structure at 6lym)ic stadium uses #,&"" tonnes o+nonF)rime steel tube, o*er ordered +rom oil and gas )i)eline)roject

6riginal design )lanned to use larger diameter tubes

Concerned with delay o+ )urchasing and manu+acturing the

steel the 6lym)ic Deli*ery Authority chose the o*erForderedstoc-

Ho certication, there+ore had to

be tested

Ho additional weight but #":o+ steel used is di*erted scra)

educed costs, minimised ris-

#>


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Case study4 London #"'#6lym)ic Par-

More than ": o+ embodied carbon in just !materials4 concrete,

rein+orcing steel and structural steel Nelodrome, # architects had *ision to build minimum

structure Oshrin- wra))ed< around s)ort and s)ectators

esultant Osaddle< sha)e design allowed use o+ cableFnetroo+ system

Steel used in tension, s)anning '!"m between su))orts

#9


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Nelodrome case study cont< Concern with cost and ris-, but sa*ed money and

time

Design sa*ed #>: o+ steel com)ared to steel archdesign

Less material by designI

Ad*anced dynamic analysis showed design metcode recommendations and was lighter 3reducing waste u) +rontI

#

Concrete4 Product substitution


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Concrete4 Product substitutionBeduce

/asonry)Strong with less embodied emissions( euires bondingwith mortar Buses cement, limited when moulding%rein+orcing

:teel) Can be recycled but more e.)ensi*e and higher emissions)er unit mass( Must be )rotected +rom corrosion

Timer) =igher strength and stiEness )er unit o+ embodiedenergy( Hot as durable and must )rotect +rom re and rot

nca masonry work !ossbourne community $cademy, (ackney!"


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Steel4 eFuse metal com)onentswithout melting them

Steel +ramed buildings are bolted together +romsections that do not degrade in use

Standardised

Ho +undamental technical barriers';(to design asteel building made using /" year old steel5

0) to 9": o+ structural steel could be reFusedI

=owe*er reuires orthodo. to change Deconstruct buildings, not demolish

construction waste(1) (1)

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