construction site safety and health hazards september 25, 2013 · 2013-09-25 · construction site...

SMACNA Online Supervisor Safety Course

Construction Site Safety and Health Hazards

September 25, 2013

Jim Boom Directorate of Construction

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

SMACNA Webinar – Safe Work Practices September 25, 2013

Poll Question

Are your primary work location(s) in a:

• Federal OSHA Plan State

• State OSHA Plan State

• Not Sure

Important to Know Applicable OSHA Standards and Regulations

• Federal Plan States • State Plan States

• Construction Standards - 29 CFR 1926 (focus today)

• General Industry Standards – 20 CFR 1910 • Maritime Standards

• Shipyard Employment - 29 CFR 1915 • Marine Terminals - 29 CFR 1917 • Longshoring - 29 CFR 1918

• Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA)

Directorate of Construction Standards

Pre-rule

• Backing

Operations

http://www.osha.gov/doc/topics/backover/index.html



Proposed Standards Affecting Construction

• Silica – NPRM Announced 8/23/2013

– Need more information?…..Go to OSHA’s Website: http://www.osha.gov/silica/index.html

• Subpart V – Power Transmission and Distribution – Final Rule with OMB

http://www.osha.gov/silica/index.html



Directorate of Construction Standards Update

Confined Spaces

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Fatalities

1239

1204

975

834

774

738

775

Fatalities

per

100,000

workers

11.2

10.8

9.7

9.9

9.8

9.1

9.6

Fatalities and Fatality Rates

in Construction

Source: 2012 BLS CFOI Data are Preliminary

Frequently Cited OSHA Standards In Construction

1. Fall Protection, General

2. Scaffolds, General Requirements

3. Ladders

4. Fall Protection, Training

5. Hazard Communication

6. Head Protection

7. Eye & Face Protection

8. Aerial Lifts

9. Wiring Methods

10.General Safety & Health Provisions

All Construction - FY 2012

Top Ten Standards Cited Roofing, Siding, & Sheet Metal

Top Ten Standards Cited Plumbing & HVAC

Common Standards Cited

In the Industry

FALLS = 4 FALLS = 6 Training Training PPE

The Leading Causes of Construction Fatalities

Cause Fatalities 2011 Fatalities 2012

FALL TO LOWER

LEVEL 255 269

STRUCK BY 73 78

ELECTROCUTION 69 66

CAUGHT IN/BETWEEN 18 18

Source: 2011 and 2012 BLS CFOI Data

Note: 2012 Data is Preliminary

“Control” is the key in most multi-employer worksites.

Fall Down Airshaft Case….

• The Exposing Employer

…company of the worker who fell.

• The Creating Employer

…company that failed to cover the shaft once finished.

• The Controlling Employer

…the GC

• The Correcting Employer

…company that built the shaft cover.

20

Here are properly installed guard/hand rails using a “safety boot” system to position the uprights installed during framing.

New and Improved Conventional Fall Prevention Guardrail Systems Inside

21

Personal Fall Arrest System Anchor Point

22

Safety Net Systems

These nets have been positioned to prevent falls to the interior of the building. Employers should consult the manufacturer’s instructions and/or a registered professional engineer to ensure proper installation of the net and bracing of the stud walls.

Educational Materials

Top Ten List of Safety and Health Issues

#1 - Image of Construction

Need to change the image if we want to improve the system (especially safety and health)

Management Consultant Presentation

(“….hard work, extreme weather, dirty, unsafe”)


#1 - Image of Construction


#2 – Unsafe vs Hazardous

Construction work includes hazards such as

working from heights, equipment and tools,

use of chemicals, noisy areas, etc.

But…it is not unsafe unless the

employer and employees allow it to be.


#3 – Reactive vs Proactive

High Visibility “Incident” = Reaction

Regulatory Agencies = Increased Enforcement

News Media = Bad Public Relations

Owners and GCs = Tougher Job Requirements


#3 – Reactive vs Proactive

Recent Examples…

NY and FL Crane Accidents Las Vegas (City Center) Fatalities

Las Vegas Hotel Fire (welding on the roof) Popcorn Flavorings

GM Criteria for Contracts / Work Turner Construction Criteria for Jobsite Fines


#4 – Pre-Planning is Essential

Identification of Hazards You can’t avoid the accidents, incidents, injuries and illnesses

if you don’t know where the hazards are!!!

Review Records for Trends

Hazard Assessment Workplace Inspections

Employee Input


#4 – Pre-Planning is Essential

• Conduct a job hazard analysis (JHA)

• Safety part of constructability reviews

• Prepare jobsite-specific safety and health programs (based on JHA)

Planning: Pre-Project and Pre-Task

IDENTIFY NON-ROUTINE TASKS

• cranes

• confined spaces

• scaffolds

• skylights

• chemicals

• new equipment

• client produced hazards


#5 - Accident Investigation (including “near misses”)

Best way to learn about successes and failures.

Look at all possible causes.

Don’t ignore near hits …

someone could have been hurt or killed


#6 – Go Beyond Toolbox Talks

It is important to take training to a higher level

and include:

• hands-on training,

• formal (classroom) training,

• “emergency drills” and

• issue- specific training (as needed).


#7 – Prioritize Your Efforts

Everyone is busy.

Must make time for safety and health. Ways to prioritize your safety and health efforts…

• Look at your OSHA Log / WC Records • Most Frequently Cited OSHA Standards

• SMACNA Safety Survey (cuts and eye injuries) • Frequent vs Severe (need to address FALLS)


Severity vs Frequency

Frequent / Severe

Falls

Frequent / Non Severe

Cuts

Eye Injuries

Non Frequent / Severe

Asbestos Exposure

Electrocutions

Non Frequent / Non Severe

Sprained Ankle


#8 – Recognize the Difference in General Industry (shops)

and Construction

It is important that your safety program treat these two differently…

Industry Issues – Injuries How do safety hazards differ…and why?

“Fixed” Locations vs Always Changing (dynamic) Locations

Predictable vs Unpredictable

Types of Machinery and Equipment

Stable, Same Workers vs Numerous Contractors

Other differences…?

Industry Issues – Injuries Fabrication Shops

VS

Construction Job Sites

Why should we be concerned about the work environment?

The hazards are different for each workplace and …

The hazards dictate the injuries…!


#9 – Don’t Forget Illnesses (health)

“Hidden Issues”

Noise, Chemical Exposure,

Musculoskeletal Disorders, etc.

No immediate affects


#10 – Throw Away Your

Written Safety Program (not really)

Combine your safety and health procedures into your Operations Manual.

Poll Question

Why Should Companies Have Safety and Health Programs?

• To Protect Workers

• To Be More Productive and Profitable

• OSHA Compliance

Trick Question All Answers are Correct

To Protect Workers Main reason…the “morally right thing” to do but effects the company “bottomline” as well To Be More Productive and Profitable This benefits everyone…more work for all OSHA Compliance Standards set the minimum…can always go above and beyond

Hidden Costs Exceed Costs for a Safety Culture

Safety Culture >>> *********************** Injuries / Illnesses >>> Welfare of Workers >>> Property Damage >>> Lost Productivity >>> Citations / Fines >>> Increased WC $ >>> Lost Contracts >>> Bad Publicity >>>

Cost Iceberg

Economic Burden of Occupational Injury and Illness in the U.S.

Only about 30 percent of businesses have

established safety and health programs. Establishing a safety and health program to prevent

occupational injuries and illnesses is not only the right thing to do, it's the profitable thing to do.

Studies have shown a $4 to $6 return for every

dollar invested in safety and health.


• Bottom line costs for fatal and nonfatal injuries – 2007 - $250 Billion

• Includes Direct and Indirect Costs – WC costs estimated to be 25 percent of the total

• More than the cost of cancer for same the time period

Paul J. Leigh, University of California, Davis


According to the 2012 Liberty Mutual Workplace Safety Index, the most disabling workplace injuries and illnesses amounted to more than $50 billion in direct U.S. workers' compensation costs in 2010.

Liberty Mutual Insurance Company, (2012).

SAFETY LEADERSHIP

“IF YOU SEE SOMETHING

SAY SOMETHING!”

Management Commitment - goals, policies, procedures Employee Involvement – structure and operations of the program Worksite Analysis – hazard identification, pre-planning, etc. Hazard Prevention and Control – eliminate or control hazards Safety and Health Training - understand the hazards and the exposures, and how to prevent harm.

Management Guidelines

Common Traits Found In Good Safety and Health Management Systems

• Rigorous Owner/Builder Site Safety Inspection Program

• Hazard Reporting System

• Open communication links to get hazards corrected for those responsible

• Time line for fixing hazards w/interim protections provided

• Established formal inspection program for contractor operations. For example: Require safety inspections as often as necessary but no less than once a week for construction.

• Most require documentation – More than a check list.

Contractor Oversight – Prequalification

Established Prequalification Standards (sub-contractor pre-planning)

• Written S&H program review • OSHA 300 log history review • OSHA citation history • Insurance EMR • Can they get a bond • Certificates of Insurance • References

Leading Indicators of Management Support

Starts with senior management commitment • Supports the company’s safety and health

management system or I2P2 – Example: Ensures adequate funding

• Leads by example – Example: Team member in site safety audits

• Accident/incident review • Participation in company safety functions

– Safety days, employee appreciation, safety tool box meetings

Mid- Level Management

Role of Supervisor (the “bridge” between management and workers)

• Be familiar with company safety program • Lead by example (same as upper mgmt) • Be involved in the pre-planning process • Conduct hazard identification (pro-active) • Don’t ignore “near hits” or “near misses” • Listen to the workers…!

Contractor Oversight – Site Inspections

• Established formal inspection program for contractor operations.

For example: Require safety inspections as often as necessary but no less than once a week for construction.

• May require documentation – More than a check list.

Contractor Oversight – Training

Required jobsite safety and health training and orientation

• Provide orientation for all new employees or employees that have been away from the job for extended period

• Sharing of information and training from lessons learned resulting from site accidents

• Invite workers to conduct training

• Pre-task/Pre-use training

• Training records be kept on file

Resources

• OSHA Website – great webpages by topic including small businesses and construction.

www.osha.gov • SMACNA Website – safety webpage with a variety of information

including model programs www.smacna.org • SMACNA Safety Listserve – over 150 “users” share questions and answers

Contact Mike McCullion – SMACNA – [email protected] • Silica Program Developer – CPWR webpage

www.silica-safe.org

http://www.osha.gov/

http://www.smacna.org/

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.silica-safe.org/



Questions

Submitted Prior to the Webinar

Q: Does OSHA have one resource that provides a list of required PPE for each standard?

(if not, maybe OSHA should develop one)

Questions


Q: Can I replace the end of an extension cord with an after-market component?

(How extensive can I repair extension cords?)

Questions


Q: What is OSHA’s stance on drug testing in the construction industry?

(Does OSHA support developing programs?)

Questions


Q: What can we do if the General Contractor does not support OUR safety and health program rules and requirements?

(ours may be more strict than what they want)

Questions


Q: Why are there varying minimum height requirements for when fall protection is required?

(some jurisdictions are 8 feet while others are 6 or 4 feet)

construction site safety and health hazards september 25, 2013 · 2013-09-25 · construction site...

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