constitution. essential question what issues/ideas were important to the founding fathers at the...
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Constitution
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ESSENTIAL QUESTIONWhat issues/ideas were
important to the Founding Fathers at the time of the Constitution?
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CORNELL NOTESRepublicanism = Citizens rule
through elected representatives
Federalism = power is divided between state gov’ts and national gov’t
Representative democracy
Three Branches 1.Legislative = Congress2.Executive = President3.Judicial = Supreme Court
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CORNELL NOTESVirginia Plan
Proposed by James MadisonBicameral legislature (2 houses =
based on population)Favors large states
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CORNELL NOTESNew Jersey Plan
Proposed by William PatersonOne house legislature (based on
equal representation)Favors small states
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CORNELL NOTESCompromises
Great Compromise Roger ShermanBicameral legislature = House of
Representatives (population) & Senate (equal vote)
3/5 Compromise3/5 of slave population counted
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Congress535 total voting members
100 senators
435 representatives
6 non-voting members
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House of Representatives
Republican = 245Democratic = 188Vacant = 1
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Senate
Republican = 54Democratic = 44Independent (caucusing with Democrats) = 2
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CORNELL NOTESBill of Rights
Antifederalists = wanted a written guarantee of protected rights
Federalists = believed in a strong central government
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CORNELL NOTESBill of Rights
Amendments 1-10Freedom of speech, No quartering
of troops, etc.
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LEFT COLUMNWrite 3 level 2 questions based on
your notes.
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SUMMARYBased on your notes and direct
instruction, answer the ESSENTIAL QUESTION:
What issues/ideas were important to the Founding Fathers at the time of the Constitution?
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Activity1. Copy the word count for each section of
the Constitution
2. Calculate the percentage of words in each article out of 4357 total words.
3. Write down the main subject, structure, or power addressed in each article.
4. Map the percentages from the table on your handout by coloring the squares.
1. Each square = 1%2. Use different colors for each Article &
the Preamble
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ESSENTIAL QUESTIONHow did the Founding
Fathers express the 6 big ideas in the Constitution?
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6 Big Ideas1. limited government
2.republicanism
3.checks and balances
4.federalism
5.separation of powers
6.popular sovereignty
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Constitution1.Preamble (1%)
2.The Legislature (52%)
3.The Executive (23%)
4.The Judiciary (8%)
5.Relations Among States (3%)
6.Amending the Constitution (4%)
7.Ratification (<1%)
8.The Amendments
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ActivityOutlining the Big 6 Ideas
Find each Big Idea ONE time in the Constitution
Write down the number of the ARTICLE, SECTION, & CLAUSE you find it in
Write down the quote that expresses the Big Idea
Rephrase the Big Idea in your own words
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HOMEWORKFinish Big Idea handout (if
necessary)
Read pages 74-76, 78-79 in textbook and write Cornell Notes
ESSENTIAL QUESTION: Explain the political differences
between Jefferson and Hamilton.
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OA #3
Why would small states object to delegates being
assigned according to population?
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ESSENTIAL QUESTION: Explain the political differences between Jefferson and Hamilton.
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Cornell NotesLaunching a New Nation
• First 2-Party System• Federalists --> believed in strong
central gov't (Alexander Hamilton)• Democratic Republicans --> stronger
state gov't (Thomas Jefferson)
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Cornell NotesVocal Critics of the Gov't1748: Alien and Sedition ActsAlien Act: Raised residency requirement to become a citizen
Sedition Act: Fine or failed people who spoke negative about gov't
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Cornell NotesVirgina & Kentucky ResolutionWritten by Jefferson and
MadisonNullification --> states should
have the power to void laws made by national gov't
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LEFT COLUMNWrite 3 level 2 questions based
on your notes
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SummaryBased on your notes and direct
instruction, answer the ESSENTIAL QUESTION:
Explain the political differences between Jefferson and Hamilton
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OA #4 (new left page)
Explain the fundamental difference in gov’t
philosophies between Federalists and
Democratic Republicans.
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ESSENTIAL QUESTION
Why was the principle of judicial review important
for the future of the Supreme Court?
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Cornell Notes
The Jefferson EraJefferson’s Goals
Shrink/simplify the gov’tReduce military & national bank
Louisiana PurchaseUS bought from France ($15M)
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CORNELL NOTES
Marbury v. MadisonEstablished judicial review
Supreme Court can declare laws unconstitutional.
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CORNELL NOTESJames Madison
Elected President 1808War of 1812
Causes -- "War Hawks" wanted Canada, Impressment (kidnapping) of US soldiers into British navy
Treaty of Ghent Ends War of 1812Confirms US independenceFederalists party ends
Monroe DoctrineTells Europe to stay out of the Western
Hemisphere
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LEFT COLUMNWrite 3 level 2 questions based
on your notes
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SummaryBased on your notes and direct
instruction, answer the ESSENTIAL QUESTION:
Why was the principle of judicial review important for the future of the Supreme Court?
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OA #5 (new left page)
Describe what you see in the photo.
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ESSENTIAL QUESTION
Why did some people in the 1830s support
Indian Removal?
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CORNELL NOTES
The Age of Jackson
• Regional Economies:• North & East --> Industrial
(Textiles)• South & West --> Agricultural• Cotton; Slavery increased
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CORNELL NOTESJames Madison wanted to unite U.S.
economically and have economic independenceAmerican System (1815)
1. Protective Tariff (taxes on imported goods)
2. Renew U.S. Merchants (unified currency)
3. Improve Transportation
• Missouri Compromise• Missouri = Slave State• Maine = Free State
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CORNELL NOTESJackson's PresidencySpoils System gave gov't jobs to his supporters
Indian Removal Act Trail of Tears800 Miles1/4 of Cherokee died
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LEFT COLUMNWrite 3 level 2 questions based
on your notes
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SummaryBased on your notes and direct
instruction, answer the ESSENTIAL QUESTION:
Why did some people in the 1830s support Indian
Removal? (Answered after activity)
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OA #6 (under OA #5)Today marks the 14th year anniversary of the attacks that occurred on 9/11.
Write about the most important/memorable day of your life. What made that day so special? Explain
***Copy just this part
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OA #7 (new left page)
Why do you think leaders are more often criticized rather than supported in difficult
times?
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OA #8 (new left page)"our manifest destiny is to overspread the continent alloted by providence for the free development of our dearly multiply by millions." (John Sullivan)
What does this quote mean?
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ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How did Americans justify Westward
Expansion?
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CORNELL NOTESMANIFEST DESTINY
• Manifest Destiny – Was the United States' "destiny" to spread to the Pacific Ocean
• Reasons to Expand Westward1. Trade/New Market/Jobs
2. Spread Beliefs/Religion
3. Living Space/New Land
4. Adventure/New Start
5. Resources
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CORNELL NOTESTexas Independence
Americans were encouraged to move to Texas by the Mexican gov't
Led to culture clashes with language barriersSlavery was abolished by Mexican gov'tStephen Austin => asks for Texas independence --
> Texas Revolution (Battle at the Alamo)Texas becomes state in 1875
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CORNELL NOTESWar in Mexico
John C. FremontTreaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
US acquired California & New MexicoUS paid $15M to Mexico
Gadsden PurchasePaid $10M for Arizona and rest of New Mexico
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LEFT COLUMNWrite 3 level 2 questions based
on your notes
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SummaryBased on your notes and direct
instruction, answer the ESSENTIAL QUESTION:
How did Americans justify Westward Expansion?
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