consti_2_2nd wave case digests

7/25/2019 Consti_2_2nd Wave Case Digests

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CONSTI2_2ND WAVE CASE DIGESTS1. SOLIVEN VS MACASIAR167 SCRA 393 Political Law Constitutional Law Prsi!nt"s I##unit$ %ro# Suit Must & In'o(! )$ t*Prsi!ntLuis &ltran is a#on+ t* ,titionrs in t*is cas. - to+t*r

wit* ot*rs was c*ar+! wit* li)l )$ t* t*n ,rsi!ntCor/aon A0uino. Cor$ *rsl il! a co#,laint2ai!a'ita+ainst *i# an! ot*rs. Ma(asiar a'rr! t*at Cor$ cannot ila co#,laint ai!a'it )caus t*is woul! !at *r i##unit$ro# suit. - +roun!! *is contntion on t* ,rinci,l t*at a,rsi!nt cannot ) su!. -ow'r i a ,rsi!nt woul! sut*n t* ,rsi!nt woul! allow *rsl to ) ,lac! un!r t*court"s uris!iction an! con'rsl$ s* woul! ) consntin+ to) su! )ac(. Also consi!rin+ t* unctions o a ,rsi!ntt* ,rsi!nt #a$ not ) a)l to a,,ar in court to ) a

witnss or *rsl t*us s* #a$ ) lia)l or cont#,t.ISS4E5 *t*r or not suc* i##unit$ can ) in'o(! )$&ltran a ,rson ot*r t*an t* ,rsi!nt.-EL5 No. 8* rational or t* +rant to t* Prsi!nt o t*,ri'il+ o i##unit$ ro# suit is to assur t* rcis oPrsi!ntial !utis an! unctions r ro# an$ *in!ranc or!istraction consi!rin+ t*at )in+ t* C*i Ecuti' o t*:o'rn#nt is a o) t*at asi! ro# r0uirin+ all o t* oic2*ol!r"s ti# also !#an!s un!i'i!! attntion.&ut t*is ,ri'il+ o i##unit$ ro# suit ,rtains to t*

Prsi!nt )$ 'irtu o t* oic an! #a$ ) in'o(! onl$ )$t* *ol!r o t* oic; not )$ an$ ot*r ,rson in t*Prsi!nt"s )*al. 8*us an accus! li( &ltran t al in acri#inal cas in w*ic* t* Prsi!nt is t* co#,lainant cannotrais t* ,rsi!ntial ,ri'il+ as a !ns to ,r'nt t*cas ro# ,roc!in+ a+ainst suc* accus!.Moro'r t*r is not*in+ in our laws t*at woul! ,r'nt t*Prsi!nt ro# wai'in+ t* ,ri'il+. 8*us i so #in!! t*Prsi!nt #a$ s*! t* ,rotction aor!! )$ t* ,ri'il+

an! su)#it to t* court"s uris!iction. 8* c*oic o w*t*r torcis t* ,ri'il+ or to wai' it is soll$ t* Prsi!nt"s,rro+ati'. It is a !cision t*at cannot ) assu#! an!i#,os! )$ an$ ot*r ,rson.un 19 199? ,olic oicrs arrst! ,titionrwit*out warrant or ill+al ,ossssion o a .3@ cali)r r'ol'rwit* si 6B roun!s o a##unition w*il waitin+ outsi! t*Manila Pa'ilion -otl alon+ 4.N. A'. Manila.On >un


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in! nit*r rror nor ,atnt a)us o !iscrtion in t*rulin+s o t* trial court on t*s issus. 8*us u,on t*!nial o ,titionr"s !#urrr to 'i!nc * #a$ ,rsnt *is'i!nc. Atr trial on t* #rits an! t* court issus a'r!ict o con'iction ,titionr #a$ sasona)l$ a,,al suc*!cision raisin+ onc a+ain *is !nss an! o)ctions.

8* or!rl$ ,roc!ur ,rscri)! )$ t* R'is! Ruls oCourt is or t* accus! to ,rsnt *is 'i!nc atr w*ic*t* trial court on its own assss#nt o t* 'i!ncsu)#itt! will t*n ,ro,rl$ rn!r its u!+#nt o ac0uittal orcon'iction. I u!+#nt is rn!r! a!'rsl$ a+ainst t*accus! * #a$ a,,al t* u!+#nt an! rais t* sa#!nss an! o)ctions or r'iw )$ t* a,,llat court.

MENO=A VS PEOPLE

Li# 's %li 19F SCRA u!+ &arsa+a o Mas)at or t*

)st nli+*tn#nt o t*is -onora)l Court in its ,rsonal!tr#ination o t* istnc o a ,ro)a)l caus or ,ri#aaci 'i!nc as wll as its !tr#ination o t* istnc o+uilt ,ursuant to t* #an!ator$ #an!at o t* constitution t*atno warrant s*all issu unlss t* issuin+ #a+istrat s*all *a'*i#sl )n ,rsonall$ con'inc! o suc* ,ro)a)l caus.Rs,on!nt court issu! an or!r !n$in+ or lac( o #rit t*#otions an! #anistations an! issu! warrants o arrsta+ainst t* accus! inclu!in+ t* ,titionrs *rin.ISS4E 5 *t*r or not a u!+ #a$ issu a warrant o arrst

wit*out )ail )$ si#,l$ rl$in+ on t* ,roscutionGs crtiicationan! rco##n!ation t*at a ,ro)a)l caus ists.-EL5 I a >u!+ rlis soll$ on t* crtiication o t*Proscutor as in t*is cas w*r all t* rcor!s o t*in'sti+ation ar in Mas)at * or s* *as not ,rsonall$!tr#in! ,ro)a)l caus. 8* !tr#ination is #a! )$ t*Pro'incial Proscutor. 8* constitutional r0uir#nt *as not)n satisi!. 8* >u!+ co##its a +ra' a)us o !iscrtion.&ac* Co. Inc. t al 's &IR Co##issionr Vi'ncio Rui/ t al

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Sarc* an! Si/ur Prsonal Ea#ination o t* >u!+On


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PAILLA >.5

Natur o t* cas5

Ptition or r'iw on crtiorari o t* Rsolution o t* Courto A,,als

%acts5

Rnato Ra#os was c*ar+! wit* ou)l -o#ici! wit*Multi,l Srious P*$sical Inuris 8*rou+* Rc(lssI#,ru!nc in t* Court o %irst Instanc o u/on Pro'inc.Atr trial t* court rn!r! u!+#nt a+ainst t* accus!.8* Court oun! *i# +uilt$ an! o n+li+nc was sntc! to,a$ a in an! in!#nitis to t* 'icti#s. Mai#iliano Al'ar/t* #,lo$r o *rin accus! Rnato Ra#osB was oun! to

) su)si!iaril$ lia)l an! to ,a$ t* a#ount a)o'2#ntion!to t* ,rsons concrn! ointl$ an! s'rall$ wit* RnatoRa#os. 8* accus! a,,al! to t* Court o A,,als. 8*Court o A,,als air#! t* trial courtGs !cision )ut !lt!t*at ,art t*ro #a(in+ *rin ,titionr as #,lo$r oRnato Ra#os su)si!iaril$ lia)l or ,a$#nt o t* a!u!+!in!#nitis to t* on!! ,artis. Atr inalit$ o t* Court oA,,als" u!+#nt t* ,ri'at ,roscutor il! a Motion orIssuanc o Su)si!iar$ rit o Ecution atr t* writ ocution a+ainst t* accus! was rturn! unsatisi!.

Ptitionr o,,os! t* Motion.

Cons0untl$ on u!+ an! t* Su)si!iar$ rit o Ecutionnull an! 'oi!. Rs,on!nts il! a Motion or Rconsi!ration.8* Motion was +rant!.

Issu5

*t*r or not an #,lo$r can ) su)si!iaril$ lia)l or t*wron+ul acts o *is #,lo$;

*t*r or not t* Court o A,,als co##itt! a +ra' a)uso !iscrtion in t* issuanc o Su)si!iar$ rit o Ecution.

-l!5

Ptition !ni! an! t* Rsolutions air#!. Rs,on!nt Court*as not co##itt! an$ +ra' a)us o !iscrtion in t* issuanco t* 0ustion! or!rs or suc* issuanc *as )n #a! in,ursuanc o law an! uris,ru!nc.

Microsot Cor,oration 's Maicor, Inc.

F3@ SCRA o*n &n!ict Sacri/B t*n )ou+*t a co#,utr unitro# Maicor,. 8* unit was ,r2install! wit* a ,irat! co,$ oin!ows. %or t*ir ,urc*as t*$ wr issu! a rci,t*ow'r t* rci,t was in t* na# o a crtain J>ol ia/.Su)s0untl$ Sa#iano a,,li! or a sarc* warrant )or t*R8C. - )rou+*t wit* *i# Sacri/ as witnss. - also )rou+*tt* co#,utr unit t*$ )ou+*t as 'i!nc as wll as t*

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rci,t. - 'n a!!! an a!!itional witnss %li)rtoPantB a co#,utr tc*nician w*o s*ow! t* u!+ t*at t*sotwar in t* co#,utr unit )ou+*t )$ Sa#iano ro#Maicor, was ,irat!. 8* R8C u!+ con'inc! t*at t*r isa ,ro)a)l caus or a cas o co,$ri+*t inrin+#nt an!unair co#,tition co##itt! )$ Maicor, issu! t*

corrs,on!in+ warrant. Maicor, assail! t* l+alit$ o t*warrant )or t* Court o A,,als. 8* Court o A,,alsrul! in a'or o Maicor, an! in its !cision it *i+*li+*t! t*act t*at t* rci,t issu! was not in Sa#iano"s or Sacri/"na# *nc t* ,roc!in+ in t* trial court was inir# ro#t* onst.ISS4E5 *t*r or not t* Court o A,,als is corrct.-EL5 No. 8* tsti#onis o t* two witnsss cou,l! wit*t* o)ct an! !ocu#ntar$ 'i!nc t*$ ,rsnt! arsuicint to sta)lis* t* istnc o ,ro)a)l caus. %ro#

w*at t*$ *a' witnss! t*r is rason to )li' t*atMaicor, n+a+! in co,$ri+*t inrin+#nt an! unairco#,tition to t* ,ru!ic o Microsot. &ot* N&I A+ntSa#iano an! Sacri/ wr clar an! insistnt t*at t*countrit sotwar wr not onl$ !is,la$! an! sol! wit*inMaicor,"s ,r#iss t*$ wr also ,ro!uc! ,ac(a+! an!in so# cass install! t*r.8* act t*at t* rci,t issu! was not in Sa#iano"s na#nor was it in Sacri/" na# !os not rn!r t* issuanc o t*warrant 'oi!. No law or rul stats t*at ,ro)a)l causr0uirs a s,ciic (in! o 'i!nc. No or#ula or i! rulor its !tr#ination ists. Pro)a)l caus is !tr#in! int* li+*t o con!itions o)tainin+ in a +i'n situation.8*us itwas i#,ro,r or t* Court o A,,als to r'rs t* R8C"sin!in+s si#,l$ )caus t* sals rci,t 'i!ncin+ N&IA+nt Sa#iano"s ,urc*as o countrit +oo!s is not in *isna#.

PEOPLE VS 8EE

%AC8S5 A,,llant is a C*ins national in *is ortis a)usinss#an an! a rsi!nt o &a+uio Cit$. A rai! con!uct!)$ o,rati's o t* National &urau o In'sti+ation N&IB an!P*ili,,in National Polic Narcotics Co##an! PNP NARCOMBat ,r#iss all+!l$ las! )$ a,,llant an! at *is rsi!nc$il!! *u+ 0uantitis o #ariuana.

A,,llant #o'! to 0uas* t* sarc* warrant on t* +roun!t*at it was too +nral an! t*at t* N&I *a! not co#,li! wit*t* r0uir#nts or t* issuanc o a 'ali! sarc* warrant. 8*

,n!nc$ o sai! #otion *ow'r !i! not sto, t* ilin+ o t*a,,ro,riat c*ar+s a+ainst a,,llant. In an inor#ation !at!>ul$


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Constitution s(s to a'oi! ar sarc* warrants o )roa! or+nral c*aractri/ation or sw,in+ !scri,tions w*ic* willaut*ori/ ,olic oicrs to un!rta( a is*in+ ,!ition tosi/ an! coniscat an$ an! all (in!s o 'i!nc or articlsrlatin+ to an ons. -ow'r it is not r0uir! t*at tc*nical,rcision o !scri,tion ) r0uir! ,articularl$ w*r )$ t*

natur o t* +oo!s to ) si/! t*ir !scri,tion #ust )rat*r +nral sinc t* r0uir#nt o a tc*nical !scri,tionwoul! #an t*at no warrant coul! issu.

8a#)asn 's Po,l%AC8S5 On Au+ust 31 19@@ PHS+t. %lu#ar Natul a,,li! ort* issuanc o a sarc* warrant ro# t* M8CC all+in+ t*at* rci'! inor#ation t*at ,titionr *a! in *is ,ossssion at*is *ous at t* Nort* Ca,itol Roa! &acolo! Cit$ M216Ar#alit Rils Ma+s A##osB -an! :rna!s .F Cal.

Pistols Ma+s A##osB $na#it Stic(s an! Su)'rsi'ocu#nts w*ic* articls wr us! or intn!! to )us! or ill+al ,ur,oss. On t* sa# !a$ t* a,,licationwas +rant! )$ t* M8CC wit* t* issuanc o Sarc*arrant No. 36 w*ic* allow! t* si/ur o t* it#ss,cii! in t* a,,lication Rollo ,. 1B. At aroun! 653? P.M.o S,t#)r 9 19@@ a ,olic ta# sarc*! t* *ous o,titionr an! si/! a#on+ ot*rs < n'lo,s containin+cas* in t* total a#ount o P*, 1F???.Ptitionr il! an ur+nt #otion or t* rturn o t* si/!articls. M8CC issu! an or!r !irctin+ S+t. Natul to #a( arturn o t* sarc* warrant. 8* ollowin+ !a$ S+t. Natulsu)#itt! a r,ort to t* court. Not consi!rin+ t* r,ort as arturn in cont#,lation o law ,titionr il! anot*r #otion,ra$in+ t*at S+t. Natul ) r0uir! to su)#it a co#,lt an!'rii! in'ntor$ o t* si/! articls. 8*ratr S+t. Natul#anist! t*at alt*ou+* * was t* a,,licant or t* issuanco t* sarc* warrant * was not ,rsnt w*n it was sr'!.On Octo)r 7 19@@ ,titionr il! )or t* M8CC a #otion

,ra$in+ t*at t* sarc* an! si/ur ) !clar! ill+al an! t*att* si/! articls ) rturn! to *i#. M8CC rul! in a'or ot* ,titionr *ow'r t* Solicitor :nral all+! t*atassu#in+ t*at t* si/ur o t* #on$ *a! )n in'ali!,titionr was not ntitl! to its rturn citin+ t* rulin+s statin+t*at ,n!in+ t* !tr#ination o t* l+alit$ o t* si/ur o

t* articls t*$ s*oul! r#ain in custo!ia l+is.

ISS4E5 *t*r or not t* S was 'ali!.

-EL5 On its ac t* sarc* warrant 'iolats Sction 3 Rul1


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sarc*s an! si/urs s*all ) ina!#issi)l or an$ ,ur,osin an$ ,roc!in+.

PEOPLE VS VELOSO

%AC8S5 In Ma$ 19o*no an! t*at t* ,olic *a! no ri+*t to sarc* t* *ous.8ownsn! answr! t*at Vloso was consi!r! as >o*n o.As VlosoGs ,oc(t was )ul+in+ as i it contain! +a#)lin+utnsils 8ownsn! r0uir! Vloso to s*ow *i# t* 'i!nco t* +a#. A)out i' #inuts was consu#! incon'rsation )twn t* ,olic#n an! t* accus! t*,olic#n insistin+ on sarc*in+ Vloso an! Vloso insistin+in *is rusal to su)#it to t* sarc*. Polic#an Rosac(r

too( *ol! o Vloso onl$ to #t wit* *is rsistanc. Vloso )itRosac(r in t* ri+*t orar# an! +a' *i# a )low in anot*r,art o t* )o!$ w*ic* inur! t* ,olic#an 0uit s'rl$.8*rou+* t* co#)in! orts o 8ownsn! an! Rosac(rVloso was inall$ lai! !own on t* loor an! lon+ s*ts o,a,r o r+las ! #ont car!s car!)oar!s an! c*i,s wr

ta(n ro# *is ,oc(ts.

ISS4E5 *t*r t* rsistanc o t* ,olic was ustiia)l onaccount o t* ill+alit$ o t* >o*n o sarc* warrant.

-EL5 No. >o*n oG arrants. It ollows on ,rinci,l ro#w*at *as alra!$ )n sai! r+ar!in+ t* ssntialr0uir#nts o warrants or t* a,,r*nsion o ,rsonsaccus! an! a)out )lan( warrants t*at a warrant or t*a,,r*nsion o a ,rson w*os tru na# is un(nown )$ t*

na# o >o*n o or Ric*ar! Ro w*os ot*r or truna# in un(nown is 'oi! wit*out ot*r an! urt*r!scri,tions o t* ,rson to ) a,,r*n!! an! suc* warrantwill not usti$ t* oicr in actin+ un!r it. Suc* a warrant #ustin a!!ition contain t* )st !scri,tio ,rsona ,ossi)l to )o)tain! o t* ,rson or ,rsons to ) a,,r*n!! an! t*is!scri,tion #ust ) suicint to in!icat clarl$ t* ,ro,r,rson or ,rsons u,on w*o# t* warrant is to ) sr'!; an!s*oul! stat *is ,rsonal a,,aranc an! ,culiaritis +i' *isoccu,ation an! ,lac o rsi!nc an! an$ ot*rcircu#stancs )$ #ans o w*ic* * can ) i!ntii!.

Prson a,,r*n!! in act o co##ittin+ a cri# un!r a>o*n o warrant on t* ot*r *an! t* a,,r*nsion willnot ) ill+al or t* oicr lia)l )caus un!r suc*circu#stancs it is not ncssar$ t*at a warrant s*oul! *a')n issu!.

Qous Al :*oul 's CA

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%AC8S5 -rin ,titionrs ar !tntion ,risonrs w*o wrarrst! an! c*ar+! wit* ill+al ,ossssion o irar#sa##unitions an! ,losi's )or t* R+ional 8rial Court oaloo(an Cit$ &ranc* 1


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Cor,oration. 8*$ si/! a#on+ ot*r t*in+s t* rcor!san! !ocu#nts o ,titionr cor,oration. A rturn o sai!sarc* was !ul$ #a! )$ Nstor La)aria wit* t* R8C oC)u &ranc* ournalsColu#nar &oo(s Cas* R+istr &oo(s Sals &oo(s orRcor!s; Pro'isional Oicial Rci,ts;


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stat#nt t*at * was or was not +uilt$ o an$ cri#. *n aco#,laint was il! to t* ,roscutor ,rli#inar$ in'sti+ations*oul! *a' )n sc*!ul! to !tr#in ,ro)a)l caus.Proscutor #a! a su)stanti' rror ,titionr is ntitl! to,rli#inar$ in'sti+ation ncssaril$ in a cri#inal c*ar+w*r t* sa# is r0uir! a,,ar t*rat. Ptition +rant!

,roscutor is or!r! to con!uct ,rli#inar$ in'sti+ation trialor t* cri#inal cas is sus,n!! ,n!in+ rsult ro#,rli#inar$ in'sti+ation ,titionr is or!r! rlas! u,on,ostin+ a )ail )on!.

PAILLA VS CAPAILLA 's CA

%acts5 Pa!illa i+ur! in a *it an! run acci!nt in Oct


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T arrantlss sarc* inci!ntal to lawul arrstrco+ni/! un!r sction 1


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t* law t*r #ust ) a clar an! un0ui'ocal )rac* o t*Constitution not a !ou)tul an! ar+u#ntati' i#,lication asin t*is cas. In act t* constitutionalit$ o P.. 1@66 *as )nu,*l! twic )$ t*is Court. >ust rcntl$ t* Court !clar!t*at Jt* ,rtinnt laws on ill+al ,ossssion o irar#s Darnot contrar$ to an$ ,ro'ision o t* ConstitutionU A,,llant"s

+ri'ancs on t* wis!o# o t* ,rscri)! ,nalt$ s*oul! not) a!!rss! to us. Courts ar not concrn! wit* t*wis!o# icac$ or #oralit$ o laws. 8*at 0ustion allsclusi'l$ wit*in t* ,ro'inc o Con+rss w*ic* nacts t*#an! t* C*i Ecuti' w*o a,,ro's or 'tos t*#. 8*onl$ unction o t* courts w ritrat is to intr,rt an!a,,l$ t* laws-ERE%ORE ,r#iss consi!r! t* !cision o t* CAsustainin+ ,titionr"s con'iction )$ t* lowr court o t*cri# o si#,l ill+al ,ossssion o irar#s a##unitions isA%%IRME ECEP8 t*at ,titionr"s in!tr#inat ,nalt$ isMOI%IE to J1? $rs 1 !a$ as #in. to 1@ $rs @ #ont*s 1!a$ as #ai#u#.Po,l '. Si#on octrin5 Alt*ou+* P 1@66 is a s,cial lawt* ,naltis t*rin wr ta(n ro# t* RPC *nc t*ruls in sai! co! or +ra!uatin+ )$ !+rs o !tr#inin+ t*,ro,r ,rio! s*oul! ) a,,li!.

ESPANO VS CA8*is is a ,tition or r'iw o t* !cision o t* Court oA,,als in CA2:.R. CR No. 13976 !at! >anuar$ 161991w*ic* air#! in toto t* u!+#nt o t* R+ional8rial Court o Manila &ranc* 1 con'incin+ ,titionr Ro!oloEs,ano or 'iolation o Articl II Sction @ o R,u)lic Act No.6Ful$ 1F 1991 in t* Cit$ o ManilaP*ili,,ins t* sai! accus! not )in+ aut*ori/! )$

law to ,ossss or us an$ ,ro*i)it! !ru+ !i! t*n an!t*r willull$ unlawull$ an! (nowin+l$ *a' in *is,ossssion an! un!r *is custo!$ an! control twl' 1ul$ ul$


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in'sti+ation an! latr in!ict! or ,ossssion o ,ro*i)it!!ru+s. -is wi M$rna corro)orat! *is stor$.8* trial court rct! ,titionrGs !ns as a #ratrt*ou+*t an! oun! t* 'rsion o t* ,roscution #orcr!i)l an! trustwort*$.8*us on Au+ust 1F 199


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%urt*r#or t* !ns st u, )$ ,titionr !os not!sr' an$ consi!ration. - si#,l$ contn!! t*at * wasin *is *ous sl,in+ at t* ti# o t* inci!nt. 8*is Court*as consistntl$ *l! t*at ali)i is t* wa(st o all !nss;an! or it to ,ros,r t* accus! *as t* )ur!n o ,ro'in+t*at * was not at t* scn o t* cri# at t* ti# o its

co##ission an! t*at it was ,*$sicall$ i#,ossi)l or *i# to )t*r. Moro'r t* clai# o a Gra#2u,G li( ali)i is a!ns t*at *as )n in'aria)l$ 'iw! )$ t* Court wit*!isa'or or it can ust as asil$ ) concoct! )ut !iicult to,ro' an! is a co##on an! stan!ar! lin o !ns in #ost,roscutions arisin+ ro# 'iolations o t* an+rous ru+sAct.9No clar an! con'incin+ 'i!nc was ,rsnt! )$,titionr to ,ro' *is !ns o ali)i.Scon! ,titionr contn!s t*at t* ,roscutionGs ailur to,rsnt t* all+! inor#ant in court cast a rasona)l !ou)tw*ic* warrants *is ac0uittal. 8*is is a+ain wit*out #rit sincailur o t* ,roscution to ,ro!uc t* inor#ant in court is ono #o#nt s,ciall$ w*n * is not 'n t* )st witnss tosta)lis* t* act t*at a )u$2)ust o,ration *a! in!! )ncon!uct!. In t*is cas Pat. Pa+ila+an on o t* ,olic#nw*o a,,r*n!! ,titionr tstii! on t* actual inci!nt o>ul$ 1F 1991 an! i!ntii! *i# as t* on t*$ cau+*t in,ossssion o ,ro*i)it! !ru+s. 8*us

in! t*at t* ,roscution *a! satisactoril$ ,ro'!its cas a+ainst a,,llants. 8*r is no co#,llin+rason or us to o'rturn t* in!in+ o t* trial courtt*at t* tsti#on$ o S+t. :a#)oa t* lon witnss ort* ,roscution was strai+*torwar! s,ontanous an!con'incin+. 8* tsti#on$ o a sol witnss i cr!i)lan! ,ositi' an! satisis t* court )$on! rasona)l!ou)t is suicint to con'ict.10

8*us on t* )asis o Pat. Pa+ila+anGs tsti#on$ t*,roscution was a)l to ,ro' t*at ,titionr in!!

co##itt! t* cri# c*ar+!; cons0untl$ t* in!in+ ocon'iction was ,ro,r.Lastl$ t* issu on t* a!#issi)ilit$ o t* #ariuana si/!s*oul! li(wis ) rul! u,on. Rul 113 Sction aB o t*Ruls o Court ,ro'i!s5

A ,ac oicr or a ,ri'at ,rson #a$ wit*out a

warrant arrst a ,rson5a. w*n in *is ,rsnc t* ,rson to ) arrst! *asco##itt! is actuall$ co##ittin+ or is att#,tin+ toco##it an ons;

PtitionrGs arrst alls s0uarl$ un!r t* aorcit! rul. -was cau+*t in flagrantias a rsult o a )u$2)ust o,rationcon!uct! )$ ,olic oicrs on t* )asis o inor#ation rci'!r+ar!in+ t* ill+al tra! o !ru+s wit*in t* ara o =a#oraan! Pan!acan Strts Manila. 8* ,olic oicr saw ,titionr*an!in+ o'r so#t*in+ to an all+! )u$r. Atr t* )u$r ltt*$ sarc*! *i# an! !isco'r! two cllo,*ans o#ariuana. -is arrst was t*ror lawul an! t* twocllo,*an )a+s o #ariuana si/! wr a!#issi)l in'i!nc )in+ t* ruits o t* cri#.As or t* tn cllo,*an )a+s o #ariuana oun! at ,titionrGsrsi!nc *ow'r t* sa# ar ina!#issi)l in 'i!nc.8* 19@7 Constitution +uarants r!o# a+ainstunrasona)l sarc*s an! si/urs un!r Articl III Sction B5 3 concur %acts5 I!l A#innu!in $ A*ni wasarrst! on un 19@F s*ortl$ atr !is#)ar(in+ ro# t*MHV ilcon 9 at a)out @53? ,.#. in Iloilo Cit$. 8* PC oicrsw*o wr in act waitin+ or *i# si#,l$ accost! *i#ins,ct! *is )a+ an! in!in+ w*at loo(! li(! #ariuanala's too( *i# to t*ir *a!0uartrs or in'sti+ation. 8*

two )un!ls o sus,ct articls wr coniscat! ro# *i# an!latr ta(n to t* N&I la)orator$ or a#ination. *n t*$wr 'rii! as #ariuana la's an inor#ation or 'iolationo t* an+rous ru+s Act was il! a+ainst *i#. Latr t*inor#ation was a#n!! to inclu! %ari!a Ali $ -assn w*o*a! also )n arrst! wit* *i# t*at sa# 'nin+ an!li(wis in'sti+at!. &ot* wr arrai+n! an! ,la!! not+uilt$. Su)s0untl$ t* iscal il! a #otion to !is#iss t*

c*ar+ a+ainst Ali on t* )asis o a sworn stat#nt o t*arrstin+ oicrs a)sol'in+ *r atr a t*orou+* in'sti+ation.8* #otion was +rant! an! trial ,roc!! onl$ a+ainstA#innu!in w*o was 'ntuall$ con'ict! an! ConstitutionalLaw II


46/53

Ri+*ts was i+nor! alto+t*r )caus t* PC liutnant w*owas t* *a! o t* arrstin+ ta# *a! !tr#in! on *isown aut*orit$ t*at sarc* warrant was not ncssar$.

Po,l 's Mariacos Cas i+st

PEOPLE O% 8-E P-ILIPPINES 's &ELEN MARIACOS:R NO. 1@@611 >un 16


47/53

PEOP)E VS A'TA 288 SC'A 626B G' NO 120515B 13AP' 1998

%ri!a$ %)ruar$ ?6


48/53

+o'rn#nt t* '*iclGs in*rnt #o)ilit$ r!ucs

,ctation o ,ri'ac$ s,ciall$ w*n its transit in ,u)lic

t*orou+*ars urnis*s a *i+*l$ rasona)l sus,icion

a#ountin+ to ,ro)a)l caus t*at t* occu,ant co##itt! a

cri#inal acti'it$;

F. Consnt! warrantlss sarc*;

. Custo#s sarc*;

6. Sto, an! %ris(;

7. Ei+nt an! E#r+nc$ Circu#stancs.

8* ssntial r0uisit o ,ro)a)l caus #ust still ) satisi!

)or a warrantlss sarc* an! si/ur can ) lawull$

con!uct!.

8* accus! cannot ) sai! to ) co##ittin+ a cri# s*

was #rl$ crossin+ t* strt an! was not actin+sus,iciousl$ or t* Narco# a+nts to conclu! t*at s* was

co##ittin+ a cri#. 8*r was no l+al )asis to ct a

warrantlss arrst o t* accus!"s )a+ t*r was no

,ro)a)l caus an! t* accus! was not lawull$ arrst!.

8* ,olic *a! #or t*an


49/53

arrst! wit*out a warrant s*all ) ort*wit* !li'r! to t*

narst ,olic station or ail an! s*all ) ,roc!! a+ainst in

accor!anc wit* sction 7 o Rul 11


50/53

A 'iolation o t*is sction s*all constitut cont#,t o court.

Paa v Ma(,

Papa) Chief of Police of "anila an a uly eputi(e memberof the ureau of Customs) together with *lagao an other

elements of the counter2intelligence unit) sei(e 3 bales ofgoos from two trucks' Sai items) accoring to aninformation) were miseclare an unervalue' The cargoowner) responent in this case) claime that the "P% sei(esai goos without a search warrant'

%acts5

Ptitionr Martin Ala+ao *a! o t* countr2

intlli+nc unit o t* MPB *a'in+ rci'! a rlia)l

inor#ation t*at a crtain s*i,#nt o ,rsonal ctswr all+!l$ #is!clar! an! un!r'alu! an! wrto ) rlas! ro# t* custo#s /on o t* ,ort oManila con!uct! sur'illanc o sai! /on. it* *i#wr ,titionr Ricar!o Pa,a t* C*i o Polic oManila an! a !ul$ !,uti/! ##)r o t* &OC an!ot*r l#nts o t* countr2intlli+nc unit. 8*inor#ation w*ic* rac*! Ala+ao s,cii! t*at sai!#is!clar! an! un!r'alu! it#s wr loa!! on twotruc(s.

8* truc(s lt t* +at w*r Ala+ao"s +rou,con!uct! sur'illanc. -ow'r suc* truc(s wrlatr intrc,t!. 8* loa! o t* two truc(s consist!o 9 )als o +oo!s.

8* car+o was own! )$ R#!ios Ma+o w*il t*

truc( was own! )$ Valntin Lano,a. In t*ir ,tition int* C%I o Manila t*$ clai#! t*at t* MP si/! t*

+oo!s wit*out sarc* warrant issu! )$ a co#,tntcourt an! t*at Pa,a !ni! t* r0ust o Ma+o"scounsl t*at t* )als ) not o,n! an! t* +oo!s nota#in!.

8* rs,on!nt u!+ issu! an or!r rstrainin+

,titionrs ro# o,nin+ t* nin )als in 0ustion.

-ow'r so# )als wr alra!$ o,n! )$ a#inrso t* &OC w*n t* rstrainin+ or!r was rci'!.

Rs,on!nt contn!! t*at sinc t* in'ntor$ o t*

+oo!s si/! !i! not s*ow an$ articl o ,ro*i)it!i#,ortation suc* articls s*oul! ) rlas! u,on *r,ostin+ o t* )on! to ) !tr#in! )$ court.Ptitionrs contn!! *ow'r t*at #ost o t* +oo!sas s*own in t* in'ntor$ wr not !clar! an! wrt*us su)ct to oritur. Rs,on!nt u!+ issu! an

or!r rlasin+ t* +oo! u,on t* ilin+ o t* )on! in t*a#ount o P*, F????.?? to w*ic* t* rs,on!ntco#,li! wit*.

Issu5 Is t*r a n! to ,rocur a warrant )or sarc* )#a!T

Rulin+5

8* &urau o Custo#s ac0uirs clusi' uris!iction

o'r i#,ort! +oo!s or t* ,ur,oss o norc#nt o

t* custo#s laws ro# t* #o#nt t* +oo!s aractuall$ in ,ossssion or control 'n i no warrant osi/ur or !tntion *a! ,r'iousl$ )n issu! )$ t*Collctor o Custo#s in connction wit* si/ur an!oritur ,roc!in+s. In t* cas at )ar t* #o#ntt* &OC actuall$ si/! t* +oo!s in 0ustion t* &OCac0uir! uris!iction o'r t* +oo!s or t* ,ur,oss o

50


51/53

norc#nt o t* tari an! custo#s laws to t*clusion o t* r+ular courts.

Ptitionr Ala+ao an! *is co#,anion ,olic#n *a!

aut*orit$ to ct t* si/ur wit*out an$ sarc*warrant issu! )$ a co#,tnt court. 8* 8ari an!Custo#s Co! !os not r0uir sai! warrant in t*

instant cas. 8* Co! aut*ori/s ,rsons *a'in+,olic aut*orit$ un!r Sction


52/53

:oin+ )ac( to Lo an! 8ia t* o,rati's a,,roac*!

t* taica) an! as(! t* !ri'r to o,n t* )a++a+co#,art#nt. 8*r ,ics o lu++a+ wr rtri'!ro# t* )ac( co#,art#nt o t* '*icl. 8*o,rati's r0ust! ro# Lo an! 8ia ,r#ission tosarc* t*ir lu++a+. A tin can o ta was ta(n out ot* r! tra'l )a+ own! )$ Lo. A crtain S+t.

Ca$a)$a) on o t* o,rati's ,ri! t* li! o,n,ull! out a ,a,r ta )a+ ro# t* can an! ,rss! itin t* #i!!l to l its contnts. So# cr$stallinw*it ,ow!r rs#)lin+ crus*! alu#iniu# ca# outo t* )a+. 8* sr+ant t*n o,n! t* ta )a+ an!a#in! its contnt #or closl$. - *a! t* t*rtra'l )a+s o,n! or ins,ction. %ro# t* r! tra'l)a+ 6 tin cans wr oun! inclu!in+ t* on ,r'iousl$o,n! an! not*in+ ls was rco'r! ro# t* ot*r)a+s.

8* ta )a+ contain! #ta#,*ta#in atr

a#ination )$ t* PC2INP Cri# La)orator$. On o#ta#,*ta#in"s !ri'ati's is #ta#,*ta#in*$!roc*lori! s*a)uH,oor #an"s cocainB.

8* t*r wr c*ar+! wit* 'iolation o an+rous

ru+s Act o 197?A;$R


53/53

(proprietor) and %!sand o Anita (Re"es), olloin standard

operatin pro+ed!re, opened t%e oes or inal inspe+tion, %ere ape+!liar odor e/itted t%erero/. o p!lled o!t a +ellop%ane rapper

protr!din ro/ t%e openin o one o t%e loves, and too severalra/s o t%e +ontents t%ereo. o Re"es ort%it% prepared a letter

reportin t%e s%ip/ent to t%e ='< and reB!estin a laorator"

ea/ination o t%e sa/ples %e etra+ted ro/ t%e +ellop%ane

rapper. At t%e =ar+oti+s e+tion o t%e =ational '!rea! o

consti_2_2nd wave case digests

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