conservation december 3, 2013. page 2 announcements due next class (12/5) –technology paper...
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ConservationDecember 3, 2013
Page 2
Announcements
Due next class (12/5)– Technology Paper– Article Log (14 articles)
Alternate HW assignment due FridayFinal Exam 12/16 2pm
Page 3
Seminars
Tariq Samad, Honeywell– Today, right after class in this room– Topic: Smart Grids
Stu Van Scoyoc, Van Scoyoc & Associates– Thursday (12/5), right after class in this room– Topic: Engineering roles in policy making
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Last Year’s Test Question
The fraction of U.S. electricity produced from nuclear power is approximately the same as it was 30 years ago even though overall electricity consumption has grown considerably. Explain why this fraction has remained unchanged.
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Nuclear Power Production
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U.S. Nuclear Industry Capacity Factors
1971 – 2011, Percent
Source: Energy Information Administration
Updated: 3/12
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Energy Conservation
The Department of Energy has an Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Usage of “Energy Conservation” over time
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Energy Conservation Measures
homeowner spends $1400/yr on energy- 45% heating and cooling- 11% hot water- 10% washer/dryer- 7% lighting
fluorescent light bulbs tankless hot water heater (gas vs. electric) front loading washing machine improved, more efficient refrigeratorenergy efficient A/C (78oF in summer, 68oF in winter)digital thermostat use (internet-enabled)www.austinenergy.com energy calculator shade trees reduce A/C use 2-8% see also www.eere.energy.gov/consumer and
http://energystar.gov
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Vending Machines
power down lights and motors using activity sensors
save 40% of energy in soft drink machines ($100 per year per machine)
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Walmart Energy Measures (McKinney, TX)
photovoltaic solar panels over the length of storefront
120 ft tall wind turbine (5% of store’s energy)rainwater harvesting systemtubing around frozen food section recycles the hot
air generated by refrigerants
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low hanging ductwork cuts electricity costs by cooling bottom half of store
cooking oil (deli) and engine oil are recycled to heat the building
store lighting uses LED bulbs rather than fluorescent strips
Walmart Energy Measures (McKinney, TX)
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Walmart Energy Measures (McKinney, TX)
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The Energy Water Nexus
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Energy and Food
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Energy and Food
Source: New York Times, January 27, 2008
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Food Conservation = Energy Conservation
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How to make a zero energy house?
Turn off electric power and gas
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2001 Energy Conservation Policy
(Negawatts vs. Megawatts)
Vice-President Dick Cheney (April, 2001) previewed the Bush Administration’s energy policy and rejected conservation as a major part of the solution to the current energy crisis. His plans focused almost exclusively on boosting domestic oil sources, building refineries, and laying natural gas pipelines. Conservation, Cheney said, “is not a sufficient basis all by itself, for a sound, comprehensive energy policy.” Moreover, he added, “the government shouldn’t step in to force Americans to consume less energy.”
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Conservation Questions
1. Why do we use energy?
2. Why should we conserve energy?
3. What is energy conservation?
4. How should energy conservation happen?
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Life cycle assessment (LCA)
Broad class of methods that aim to quantify the direct and indirect effects of a process or a product
The goal is to gain insight into important processes that go into a product or process that would otherwise be ignored by focusing on the product or process itself
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LCA Example: Electric vs. Gasoline Cars
Electric car
Gasoline car
No emissions
CO2,NOx,PM
Process or “direct” scale
Coal fired electricity
Electricity distribution
Coal mining
Crude oil refining
Fuel transportation
Crude oil extraction
Emissions Emissions Emissions
Emissions Emissions Emissions
Life cycle or “indirect” scale
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Option Annual Energy Saved (BTU/yr) – U.S.
Mass transit 20 x 1015
Fuel efficient auto 9 x 1015
Insulation 3.5 x 1015
Efficient lighting 3 x 1015
Efficient heating/cooling 3 x 1015
Efficient appliances 1 x 1015
Telecommute 1 x 1015
Standby power 1 x 1015
Total 42 x 1015
Energy Saving Suggestions(from An Inconvenient Truth)
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Interactions of Conservation Measures
What is the impact of switching light bulbs from incandescent to LED?
What is the impact of planting a shade tree?What is the impact of switching to a more fuel
efficient vehicle?What is the impact of telecommuting?