HW #1: DUE BLOCKHW #1: DUE BLOCK

18th Century

Key Question: Was the Industrial Revolution “progress”?

During the lecture:

Add your own questions and comments to left-hand column

IndustrializationIndustrialization

The process of using machines to produce The process of using machines to produce goodsgoods

I. Why did England I. Why did England industrialize first?industrialize first?

A. Agricultural Innovations -

The Enclosure Movement

- fields owned by wealthy landowners enclosed

- larger fields = New methods (crop rotation!)

SO…Small farm owners out of business

“Enclosed” Lands Today

QUESTIONQUESTION

What happened to all the What happened to all the displaced farmers?displaced farmers?

(Take a guess…)(Take a guess…)

2. Effects of new Agriculture2. Effects of new Agriculture

• Food supply Food supply increased, so…increased, so…

a. Population a. Population

b. More people want more b. More people want more stuffstuff

c. Rural to urban migration – c. Rural to urban migration – move to citiesmove to cities

1. Factors of Production:1. Factors of Production:• Definition: Definition: resourcesresources

needed to produce needed to produce goods and servicesgoods and services

-Land-Land

-Labor (work)-Labor (work)

-Capital ($)-Capital ($)

B. Resources: England had them

2. Raw materials

COAL!

METAL!

WOOL!

And…

WATER…why was THAT important?)

Canals: Britain’s Canals: Britain’s Earliest Earliest

Transportation Transportation InfrastructureInfrastructure

Coalfields & Industrial Areas

3. Labor

Child labor Child labor in the in the

mines: mines: “hurriers”“hurriers”

QuestionQuestion::• Why were children considered “good” Why were children considered “good”

laborers?laborers?

Pause: Add at least 2 Pause: Add at least 2 questions/comments to the notes so farquestions/comments to the notes so far

II. New InventionsII. New InventionsA. Textile production (wool, cotton, etc):A. Textile production (wool, cotton, etc):

- Spinning Mule (powered by water)- Spinning Mule (powered by water)

Big! Not for use at home!

Ponder this…Ponder this…• People used to People used to

work out of work out of their homes. their homes. Spinning mule Spinning mule was a massive was a massive machine. What machine. What HUGE change HUGE change was needed to was needed to get this work get this work done? done? Creation of…Creation of…

B. FactoriesB. Factories• Large buildings with Large buildings with

large machineslarge machines

• Possible benefits? Problems? (HW #1)

Textile FactoryWorkers in England

1813 2400 looms 150, 000 workers

1833 85, 000 looms 200, 000 workers

1850 224, 000 looms >1 million workers

How did the factory system change workers’

lives?

Rigid scheduleRigid schedule

12-14 hour day12-14 hour day

Dangerous conditionsDangerous conditions

Mind-numbing monotonyMind-numbing monotony

Think “Modern Times”…Think “Modern Times”…

C: RailroadC: Railroad

• Steam powered!Steam powered!

Liverpool- Manchester Locomotive:

-13 ton load

-24 mph!

-Opened 1830

Railroad’s effect:Railroad’s effect:

1. Cheap transport 1. Cheap transport industrial growthindustrial growth

2. New jobs (for railways workers, miners)2. New jobs (for railways workers, miners)

3. Goods (and people) now traveled farther3. Goods (and people) now traveled farther

The Impact of the Railroad

Railroads on the Continent

“The Great Land Serpent”

Pause: Add at least 2 Pause: Add at least 2 questions/comments to section II. New questions/comments to section II. New InventionsInventions