Conflicts Over Land

Chapter 11Section 2

Moving Native Americans

• Many settlers wanted the federal government to relocate Native Americans living in the Southeast.

• Indian Removal Act of 1830—allowed the federal government to pay Native Americans to move west. Jackson sent federal officials to negotiate treaties with the tribes.

• In 1834 Congress created the Indian Territory, an area in present day Oklahoma.

• The Cherokee Nation– President Jackson supported Georgia’s efforts to

remove the Cherokee even after Chief Justice John Marshall ruled against Georgia.

– Worcester v. Georgia– John Marshall ruled that Georgia had no right to

interfere with the Cherokee: he said only the federal government had the authority over matters involving the Cherokee

“John Marshall has made his decision: now let him enforce it! “... Andrew Jackson supports Georgia

The Trail of Tears

• In 1838, General Winfield Scott and an army of 7,000 federal troops went to Georgia to remove the Cherokee from their homes and lead them west.

• Thousands of Cherokee died on the forced journey west due to harsh weather of the Great Plains.

• Became know as the Trail of Tears

Native American Resistance

• In 1832 the Sauk chieftain Black Hawk led a force of Sauk and Fox people back to Illinois

• They wanted to recapture their homeland• Most of the Sauk and Fox were killed by the state militia and federal troops

• The Seminole of Florida were the only native Americans who successfully resisted their removal.

• Chief Osceola and his people went to war with the United States rather then leave Florida

• Seminole and African Americans who ran away from slavery used guerrilla tactics to fight

• Dade Massacre—Seminoles ambush Major Francis Dade and his men killing most of the 110.

Chief Osceola

• By 1842 more then 1,500 American soldiers had died, and the government gave up and some of the Seminole to stay in Florida.

• Most Native Americans no longer lived east of the Mississippi river

• Native Americans gave up more than 100 million acres.

• USA gave tribes $68 Million and 32 million acres west of the Mississippi.

• Many tribes relocated to present day Oklahoma. (Reservations)

Led Sauk and Fox warriors

A. Winfield ScottB. OsceolaC. CherokeeD. Black Hawk

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Marched the Trail of Tears

A. OsceolaB. Black HawkC. CherokeeD. Winfield Scott

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Sent to remove Cherokee

A. OsceolaB. Black HawkC. Winfield ScottD. Cherokee

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Present-day Oklahoma

A. Indian territoryB. New JerseyC. GeorgiaD. Trail of Tears

Led Seminole rebellion

A. OsceolaB. Black HawkC. Winfield ScottD. Andrew Jackson

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Which act allowed the federal government to pay Native Americans to move west?

A. Native American ActB. Federal ActC. Indian Removal ActD. Settlers Act

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In which Supreme Court decision did Chief Justice John Marshall rule that Georgia had no right to interfere with the Cherokee?

A. Jackson v. GeorgiaB. Worcester v. GeorgiaC. Marbury v. MadisonD. McCulloch v. Maryland

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Who were the only Native Americans who successfully resisted their removal?

A. SeminoleB. CherokeeC. SaukD. Fox

To which state did the militia pursue Black Hawk’s warriors before slaughtering them

A. OhioB. IndianaC. IllinoisD. Iowa

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Making surprise attacks and then retreating back into the forest and swamps is using

A. Tactical warfareB. Guerrilla tacticsC. Swamp tacticsD. Surprise warfare

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