conflict management - introduction final msp 2008

7/31/2019 Conflict Management - Introduction Final MSP 2008

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MSP Course 2008

Conflict management -introduction

Simone van Vugt

Jouwert van GeeneZaina Maimuna

Wageningen International


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CONFLICT

MANAGEMENT


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Definition: conflict

Disagreement between two or more parties

resulting from an incompatibility of goals,interests, perceptions or values


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Conflict assessment & management

Conflict assessment: analysis, types of

conflicts, phases in the conflict process

Conflict management: tools and

techniques to handle conflicts, with aspecific reference to negotiation

See also:

http://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme

http://portals.wi.wur.nl/msp
http://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resources


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Conflict assessment To increase the insight in the nature, scope and

stage of the conflict at issue, as well as the

environment in which these conflicts arise and aredealt with.

Internal elements:

Characterization of conflict and stakeholders (remainsconstant)

Stage in the project cycle (evolves over time)

Stage in the conflict process (evolves over time)

External elements, describing the context of theconflict:The legal and institutional context
http://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resources


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Exercise

Could you please think about a conflicting

situation in your work / MSP? Exchange with your neighbour about this

conflict and the causes.
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Conflict typology

Value

Data orfact

Needs orinterest

Structural

Relationship
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Data or fact conflicts

Caused by: lack of information, spreading of inaccurate

information or misinformation, different views onwhat are relevant data, different interpretationsof available data, or different assessment

procedures.

Solution:

reach agreement of which data are important,agree on data collection procedures, developcommon criteria for data assessment.
http://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resources


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Needs or interest conflicts

Due to perceived or actual competition between

interests that are: Substantive: eg the fishing grounds, the stock

Procedural: eg incentives, fees or levies

Psychological: eg environmental awareness

Solutions: focusing on interests instead of on the positions, looking

for objective criteria, developing integrative solutionsaddressing the needs of all parties, searching for ways ofexpanding options or resources, developing trade-offssatisfying interests of different strength, hence sharingthe benefits of the project.
http://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resources


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Structural conflicts

Proceed from geographic, physical or environmental

factors as well as time constraints that hinder co-operation. Caused by:

lack of appropriate procedures and legislation, thegeneral set up and role distribution of a situation, unequal

power and authority in the decision-making process,negative patterns of behavior and interaction, the unequalcontrol, ownership or distribution of resources.

Solutions: clear definition and acceptance of rolesand levels of authority, reallocation of rights and

entitlements, relocation of the negotiation platformat a convenient distance from the field, theestablishment of a fair, transparent and acceptabledecision-making process.


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Value conflicts

Caused by cultural differences.

Are part of the indigenous knowledge andat the basis of people choices andpriorities.

Ignoring value differences can cause agreat deal of trouble

Solutions:Parties should agree to disagree on their own

values while looking for a common superior goalthey can all share.
http://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resources


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Relationship conflicts

Involve strong disagreement between deciders onthe basis of strong emotions or dislikes,misperceptions or stereotypes, poor communicationleading to an accumulation of wrong assumptions,

and repetitive negative behavior.

Solutions: install appropriate communication channels, people to

learn to control their expression and build positiveperception skills in order to develop a positive problem-solving attitude. The people with negative attitudes canbe removed from their position or made harmless.
http://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resources


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Conflict assessment part 2: stage in the

programme cycle

This factor recognizes that conflicts at theproject identification stage when the focusis on identifying and evaluating options- are

likely to require other approaches thanconflicts that relate to interpretation ofcontracts during implementation.
http://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resources


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Conflict assessment part 3: stage in the conflict

process

Understanding the conflict process isintended to be helpful in determiningwhether a conflict is at a point in time in

which interventions may be accepted.
http://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resources


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Conflict Process

ConflictIntensity

TimeDormant

FullFledge

Stalemate

ResolvedErupting
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The conflict process: differences over timePotential or dormant conflicts. Use consensus

building or relation building

Erupting conflicts, with positions beingdeveloped. Use a range of options, dependingon nature of conflict and relationship among

parties

Evolving conflicts: Evolving towards a stalemate: use mediation or arbitration

Evolving towards a resolution/abatement: no assistanceneeded

Resolved conflicts: make use of social capitalgained

C fli A IV Th l l d i i i l


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Conflict Assessment part IV: The legal and institutional context

The existing institutions (formal andinformal, government as well as traditionalor tribal) and the manner in which conflictsare resolved through those institutions, arealso a likely factor in determining the

applicability of conflict managementapproaches.

May refer to formal doctrines that aredominant in certain regions of the world, aswell as to cultural attitudes such as theimportance of saving face.
http://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resources


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Continuum of conflict management

and resolution approaches

Two extremes

Left side extreme: private, by parties themselves

Right side extreme: extralegal and/or coercive
http://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resourceshttp://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/index.php?Advanced_Search_of_M%26E_Resources


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Continuum of conflict management

Avoi-dance

Discussion

Negotiation

Media-tion

Administrative

Decision

Arbitra-tion

JudicialDeci-sion

Legislative

Decision

DirectAction

Vio-lent

Action

Private, by the partiesthemselves, or thirdparty

Third

party

Authoritative, bythird party

Legalauthoritative

Extralegal

Coercive
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conflict management - introduction final msp 2008

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