conference paper presentation at insci2016: an empirically informed taxonomy for the maker movement
TRANSCRIPT
AnempiricallyinformedtaxonomyfortheMakerMovement
Chris&anVoigt(ZSI),CalkinSueroMontero(UEF),MassimoMenichinelli(FabLab-BCN,AU)
CentreforSocialInnova9on|Dr.Chris&anVoigt
3rd International Conference on Internet Science INSCI 2016 – September 12-14, Florence, Italy
Context:Collec9veAwarenessPla>orm
• TheMakerMovementis-amongmanythings-awaytoempowerpeopletotakeownershipofdesignsandmeansofproduc7on.
• Ownershipalsomeanscontrollingvaluepreferencesembeddedwithinaproduct
• Forexample– materialsused,– featuresprovided,– energyconsumed,– openlydesignedetc.
CentreforSocialInnova&on|[email protected]
Anempiricallyinformedtaxonomy 2
What defines the Maker Movement ?
Taxonomy • comparability • track changes
in meaning • fostering
abstractions
ProblemStatement&Approach• Taxonomiesarefrequentlyadhoccrea&ons,i.e
– unclearoriginsortheore&calframeworks– maylackempiricalfounda&ons
• Approachtested– Cansocialmedia,googletrendsandaccesssta7s7csinformtaxonomicstructures?=>explanatoryusefullness
• Objec&ve– Testtools,methodsandrisks(modera&ngeffects)
CentreforSocialInnova&on|[email protected]
Anempiricallyinformedtaxonomy 3
Seeds
ü people:maker,hacker;
ü places:makerspaces,hackerspaces,fablabs;ü ac9vi9es:DIY,3d-prin&ng,making,hackingmaker_educa&on.
CentreforSocialInnova&on|[email protected]
Anempiricallyinformedtaxonomy 6
13.Ratto, M.: Critical making: Conceptual and material studies in technology and social life. The Information Society. 27, 252–260 (2011). 14.Anderson, C.: Makers: the new industrial revolution. NY (2012). 15.Dougherty, D.: The maker movement. innovations. 7, 11–14 (2012).
… used as hashtags, search terms and wikipedia pages – ‘seed word’ concept.
2NDSTEP:SOCIALMEDIAANALYSIS
Co-WordAnalysisWikipediaSta&s&csGoogleTrends(Search,Co-Search)Emo&onalProfiling
CentreforSocialInnova&on|[email protected]
Anempiricallyinformedtaxonomy 7
Co-WordanalysisinR• downloadtweets
(specifiedbyoneormorehashtags,max13.000,withinlast7days)• createcorpus(i.e.combina&onofseveraltextfiles)• cleantext(onlyalphabe&cchars,nonumbersorbrackets,noURLlinksor
retweet–RT–or@names)• createtermmatrix(wordbywordmatrix=>getshuge)• removesparseterms(i.e.veryfewcombina&ons)• plottop20ortop30co-words
CentreforSocialInnova&on|[email protected]
Anempiricallyinformedtaxonomy 8
needed <- c ("twitteR", "tm”, "ggplot2”) sapply (needed, require)
13,000tweetswith#3dprin9ng
CentreforSocialInnova&on|[email protected]
Anempiricallyinformedtaxonomy 9
Risk #1: Short time span & high impact events
CentreforSocialInnova&on|[email protected]
Anempiricallyinformedtaxonomy 10
CentreforSocialInnova&on|[email protected]
Anempiricallyinformedtaxonomy 11
Wikiped
iaAccessS
ta9s9cs
Another example for the impact of external events ...
Timelineinterpreta9ons
• 'hackerspace’aredecliningaler2013• visitsto'maker_culture'pageareincreasing• 2013:publica&onofChrisAnderson'sMakers:TheNewIndustrialRevolu7on.
• 2011coverstoryfromtheEconomist"PrintmeaStradivarius"
• noclearideafordeclineofDIYaler2013
CentreforSocialInnova&on|[email protected]
Anempiricallyinformedtaxonomy 12
GoogleTrending
CentreforSocialInnova&on|[email protected]
Anempiricallyinformedtaxonomy 13
Risk #2: Reflecting semantics (3D printing being part of DIY) Risk #3: Non-testable data generation
3RDSTEP:DRAFTTAXONOMICSTRUCTURE
CentreforSocialInnova&on|[email protected]
Anempiricallyinformedtaxonomy 14
People:DraXTaxonomicStructure
...sofarco-wordanalysis,seemedthemostcomprehensibleapproach.CentreforSocialInnova&on|[email protected]
Anempiricallyinformedtaxonomy 15
Outlook
• integra&onof&medimension,indica&ngdecreasingandincreasingterms(e.g.GoogleTrending)
• tes&ngofautomatedtaxonomybuidling(e.g.inaneduca&onalcontextwheretaxonomiesmanertosupporttheexchangeofmaterialsandlessonplans)
CentreforSocialInnova&on|[email protected]
Anempiricallyinformedtaxonomy 16
BACK-UP
CentreforSocialInnova&on|[email protected] Anempiricallyinformedtaxonomy 17
Posi9veemo9ons– Clear:'Lotsofgreatprac&cal&psforcrea&ngalibrarymakerspace'(Eagerness)
– Ambiguous:'HugethankstoCargillSaltforapprovingourgrantforourMaker-space.You'rehelpingtofostercrea&vityandinnova&on!'(Liking)
– False:'AlephobjectsopensnewfulfilmentcenterinAustralia,offersfreeshipping-3dprint.com'(Fulfillment)
CentreforSocialInnova&on|[email protected]
Anempiricallyinformedtaxonomy 19
Nega9veemo9ons– Clear:'thanks!Iwanttotry...afraidI'lldomostoftheworkintheminimalmaker-space&mewehave!'(Distress)
– Ambiguous:'Worriedabout#makerspacelogis&cs?#fallcueisheretohelp!It'snotjustfortech!'(Distress)
– False:'Ifkidscanimagineit,theycanbuildit!Perfectforblas&ngawayboredom#makerspace'(Weariness)
CentreforSocialInnova&on|[email protected]
Anempiricallyinformedtaxonomy 20
Risk #4: Unknown classification errors