condor users tutorial national e-science centre edinburgh, scotland october 2003
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Condor Users Tutorial National e-Science Centre Edinburgh, Scotland October 2003. The Condor Project (Established ‘85). Distributed High Throughput Computing research performed by a team of ~35 faculty, full time staff and students. The Condor Project (Established ‘85). - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Condor ProjectComputer Sciences DepartmentUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison
[email protected]://www.cs.wisc.edu/condor
Condor Users Tutorial
National e-Science Centre
Edinburgh, ScotlandOctober 2003
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The Condor Project (Established ‘85)
Distributed High Throughput Computing research performed by a team of ~35 faculty, full time staff and students.
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The Condor Project (Established ‘85)Distributed High Throughput Computing research performed by a team of ~35 faculty, full time staff and students who:
face software engineering challenges in a distributed UNIX/Linux/NT environment
are involved in national and international grid collaborations,
actively interact with academic and commercial users, maintain and support large distributed production
environments, and educate and train students.
Funding – US Govt. (DoD, DoE, NASA, NSF, NIH),AT&T, IBM, INTEL, Microsoft, UW-Madison, …
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A Multifaceted Project › Harnessing the power of clusters - opportunistic and/or
dedicated (Condor)
› Job management services for Grid applications (Condor-G, Stork)
› Fabric management services for Grid resources (Condor, GlideIns, NeST)
› Distributed I/O technology (Parrot, Kangaroo, NeST)
› Job-flow management (DAGMan, Condor, Hawk)
› Distributed monitoring and management (HawkEye)
› Technology for Distributed Systems (ClassAD, MW)
› Packaging and Integration (NMI, VDT)
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Some software produced by the Condor Project
› Condor System› ClassAd Library
› DAGMan
› Fault Tolerant Shell (FTSH)
› Hawkeye
› MW
› NeST
› Stork
› Parrot
› Condor-G› And others… all as
open source
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Fault Tolerant Shell (FTSH)
› The Grid is a hard environment.› FTSH
The ease of scripting with very precise error semantics.
Exception-like structure allows scripts to be both succinct and safe.
A focus on timed repetition simplifies the most common form of recovery in a distributed system.
A carefully-vetted set of language features limits the "surprises" that haunt system programmers.
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Simple Bourne script…
#!/bin/sh
cd /work/foo
rm –rf data
cp -r /fresh/data .
What if ‘/work/foo’ is unavailable??
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Getting Grid Ready…#!/bin/sh for attempt in 1 2 3
cd /work/foo if [ ! $? ] then
echo "cd failed, trying again..." sleep 5
else break
fi done
if [ ! $? ] then
echo "couldn't cd, giving up..." return 1
fi
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Or with FTSH
#!/usr/bin/ftsh
try 5 times
cd /work/foo
rm -rf bar
cp -r /fresh/data .
end
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Or with FTSH
#!/usr/bin/ftsh
try for 3 days or 100 times
cd /work/foo
rm -rf bar
cp -r /fresh/data .
end
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Or with FTSH
#!/usr/bin/ftsh
try for 3 days every 1 hour
cd /work/foo
rm -rf bar
cp -r /fresh/data .
end
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Another quick example…
hosts="mirror1.wisc.edu mirror2.wisc.edu mirror3.wisc.edu"
forany h in ${hosts} echo "Attempting host ${h}" wget http://${h}/some-file
end
echo "Got file from ${h}"
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FTSH› All the usual constructs
Redirection, loops, conditionals, functions, expressions, nesting, …
› And more Logging Timeouts Process Cancellation Complete parsing at startup File cleanup
› Used on Linux, Solaris, Irix, Cygwin, …› Simplify your life!
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› HawkEye A monitoring tool
› MW Framework to create a master-worker style
application in a opportunistic environment› NeST
Flexible Network Storage appliance “Lots” : reserved space
› Stork A scheduler for grid data placement activities Treat data movement as a “first class
citizen”
More Software…
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More Software, cont.
› Parrot Useful in distributed
batch systems where one has access to many CPUs, but no consistent distributed filesystem (BYOFS!).
Works with any program
% gv /gsiftp/www.cs.wisc.edu/condor/doc/usenix_1.92.ps % grep Yahoo /http/www.yahoo.com
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What is Condor?› Condor converts collections of distributively
owned workstations and dedicated clusters into a distributed high-throughput computing (HTC) facility.
› Condor manages both resources (machines) and resource requests (jobs)
› Condor has several unique mechanisms such as : ClassAd Matchmaking Process checkpoint/ restart / migration Remote System Calls Grid Awareness
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Condor can manage a large number of jobs
› Managing a large number of jobs You specify the jobs in a file and submit
them to Condor, which runs them all and keeps you notified on their progress
Mechanisms to help you manage huge numbers of jobs (1000’s), all the data, etc.
Condor can handle inter-job dependencies (DAGMan)
Condor users can set job priorities Condor administrators can set user priorities
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Condor can manage Dedicated Resources…
› Dedicated Resources Compute Clusters
› Manage Node monitoring,
scheduling Job launch,
monitor & cleanup
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…and Condor can manage non-dedicated
resources› Non-dedicated resources examples:
Desktop workstations in offices Workstations in student labs
› Non-dedicated resources are often idle --- ~70% of the time!
› Condor can effectively harness the otherwise wasted compute cycles from non-dedicated resources
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Mechanisms in Condor used to harness non-
dedicated workstations
› Transparent Process Checkpoint / Restart
› Transparent Process Migration
› Transparent Redirection of I/O (Condor’s Remote System Calls)
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What else is Condor Good For?
› Robustness Checkpointing allows guaranteed forward
progress of your jobs, even jobs that run for weeks before completion
If an execute machine crashes, you only lose work done since the last checkpoint
Condor maintains a persistent job queue - if the submit machine crashes, Condor will recover
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What else is Condor Good For? (cont’d)
› Giving you access to more computing resources Dedicated compute cluster workstations Non-dedicated workstations Resources at other institutions
• Remote Condor Pools via Condor Flocking• Remote resources via Globus Grid protocols
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What is ClassAd Matchmaking?
› Condor uses ClassAd Matchmaking to make sure that work gets done within the constraints of both users and owners.
› Users (jobs) have constraints: “I need an Alpha with 256 MB RAM”
› Owners (machines) have constraints: “Only run jobs when I am away from my desk
and never run jobs owned by Bob.”› Semi-structured data --- no fixed schema
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Some HTC Challenges
› Condor does whatever it takes to run your jobs, even if some machines… Crash (or are disconnected) Run out of disk space Don’t have your software installed Are frequently needed by others Are far away & managed by someone
else
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The Condor System› Unix and NT
› Operational since 1986› More than 400 pools installed, managing
more than 17000 CPUs worldwide.› More than 1800 CPUs in 10 pools on our
campus
› Software available free on the web Open license
› Adopted by the “real world” (Galileo, Maxtor, Micron, Oracle, Tigr, CORE… )
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Globus Toolkit
› The Globus Toolkit is an open source implementation of Grid-related protocols & middleware services designed by the Globus Project and collaborators Remote job execution, security
infrastructure, directory services, data transfer, …
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The Condor Project and the Grid …
› Close collaboration and coordination with the Globus Project – joint development, adoption of common protocols, technology exchange, …
› Partner in major national Grid R&D2 (Research, Development and Deployment) efforts (GriPhyN, iVDGL, IPG, TeraGrid)
› Close collaboration with Grid projects in Europe (EDG, GridLab, e-Science)
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Remote Resource Access: Globus
“globusrun myjob …”
Globus GRAM ProtocolGlobus
JobManager
fork()
Organization A Organization B
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Remote Resource Access: GlobusGlobus GRAM Protocol
Globus JobManager
fork()
Organization A Organization B
“globusrun myjob …”
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Remote Resource Access: Globus +
CondorGlobus GRAM Protocol Globus
JobManager
Submit to Condor
Condor Pool
Organization A Organization B
“globusrun myjob …”
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Remote Resource Access: Globus +
Condor
“globusrun …”
Globus GRAM Protocol Globus JobManager
Submit to Condor
Condor Pool
Organization A Organization B
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Condor-GA Grid-enabled version of Condor that provides robust job management for Globus clients.
Robust replacement for globusrun Provides extensive fault-tolerance Can provide scheduling across
multiple Globus sites Brings Condor’s job management
features to Globus jobs
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Remote Resource Access: Condor-G + Globus +
CondorGlobus GRAM Protocol Globus
JobManager
Submit to Condor
Condor Pool
Organization A Organization B
Condor-GCondor-G
myjob1myjob2myjob3myjob4myjob5…
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User/Application
Fabric (processing, storage, communication)
Grid
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User/Application
Fabric (processing, storage, communication)
GridCondor
Globus Toolkit
Condor
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User/Application
Fabric (processing, storage, communication)
GridCondor Pool
Globus Toolkit
Condor-G
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The Idea
Computing power
is everywhere, we try to make it usable
by anyone.
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Meet Frieda.
She is a scientist.
But she has a big
problem.
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Frieda’s Application …Simulate the behavior of F(x,y,z) for 20 values of x, 10 values of y and 3 values of z (20*10*3 = 600 combinations) F takes on the average 3 hours to compute
on a “typical” workstation (total = 1800 hours)
F requires a “moderate” (128MB) amount of memory
F performs “moderate” I/O - (x,y,z) is 5 MB and F(x,y,z) is 50 MB
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I have 600simulations to run.
Where can I get help?
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Install a Personal Condor!
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Installing Condor› Download Condor for your operating
system
› Available as a free download fromhttp://www.cs.wisc.edu/condor
› Stable –vs- Developer Releases Naming scheme similar to the Linux Kernel…
› Available for most Unix platforms and Windows NT
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So Frieda Installs Personal Condor on her
machine…› What do we mean by a “Personal”
Condor? Condor on your own workstation, no
root access required, no system administrator intervention needed
› So after installation, Frieda submits her jobs to her Personal Condor…
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yourworkstation
personalCondor
600 Condorjobs
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Personal Condor?!
What’s the benefit of a Condor “Pool” with just
one user and one machine?
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Your Personal Condor will ...
› … keep an eye on your jobs and will keep you posted on their progress
› … implement your policy on the execution order of the jobs
› … keep a log of your job activities› … add fault tolerance to your jobs› … implement your policy on when the
jobs can run on your workstation
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Getting Started: Submitting Jobs to
Condor› Choosing a “Universe” for your job
Just use VANILLA for now
› Make your job “batch-ready”
› Creating a submit description file
› Run condor_submit on your submit description file
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Making your job ready› Must be able to run in the
background: no interactive input, windows, GUI, etc.
› Can still use STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR (the keyboard and the screen), but files are used for these instead of the actual devices
› Organize data files
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Creating a Submit Description File
› A plain ASCII text file
› Tells Condor about your job: Which executable, universe, input, output and
error files to use, command-line arguments, environment variables, any special requirements or preferences (more on this later)
› Can describe many jobs at once (a “cluster”) each with different input, arguments, output, etc.
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Simple Submit Description File
# Simple condor_submit input file# (Lines beginning with # are comments)# NOTE: the words on the left side are not# case sensitive, but filenames are!Universe = vanillaExecutable = my_jobQueue
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Running condor_submit
› You give condor_submit the name of the submit file you have created
› condor_submit parses the file, checks for errors, and creates a “ClassAd” that describes your job(s)
› Sends your job’s ClassAd(s) and executable to the condor_schedd, which stores the job in its queue Atomic operation, two-phase commit
› View the queue with condor_q
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Running condor_submit
% condor_submit my_job.submit-fileSubmitting job(s).1 job(s) submitted to cluster 1.
% condor_q
-- Submitter: perdita.cs.wisc.edu : <128.105.165.34:1027> : ID OWNER SUBMITTED RUN_TIME ST PRI SIZE CMD
1.0 frieda 6/16 06:52 0+00:00:00 I 0 0.0 my_job
1 jobs; 1 idle, 0 running, 0 held
%
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Another Submit Description File
# Example condor_submit input file# (Lines beginning with # are comments)# NOTE: the words on the left side are not# case sensitive, but filenames are!Universe = vanillaExecutable = /home/wright/condor/my_job.condorInput = my_job.stdinOutput = my_job.stdoutError = my_job.stderrArguments = -arg1 -arg2InitialDir = /home/wright/condor/run_1Queue
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“Clusters” and “Processes”
› If your submit file describes multiple jobs, we call this a “cluster”
› Each job within a cluster is called a “process” or “proc”
› If you only specify one job, you still get a cluster, but it has only one process
› A Condor “Job ID” is the cluster number, a period, and the process number (“23.5”)
› Process numbers always start at 0
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Example Submit Description File for a
Cluster# Example condor_submit input file that defines# a cluster of two jobs with different iwdUniverse = vanillaExecutable = my_jobArguments = -arg1 -arg2
InitialDir = run_0 Queue Becomes job 2.0
InitialDir = run_1
Queue Becomes job 2.1
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% condor_submit my_job.submit-file
Submitting job(s).
2 job(s) submitted to cluster 2.
% condor_q
-- Submitter: perdita.cs.wisc.edu : <128.105.165.34:1027> :
ID OWNER SUBMITTED RUN_TIME ST PRI SIZE CMD
1.0 frieda 6/16 06:52 0+00:02:11 R 0 0.0 my_job
2.0 frieda 6/16 06:56 0+00:00:00 I 0 0.0 my_job
2.1 frieda 6/16 06:56 0+00:00:00 I 0 0.0 my_job
3 jobs; 2 idle, 1 running, 0 held
%
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Submit Description File for a BIG Cluster of Jobs
› The initial directory for each job is specified with the $(Process) macro, and instead of submitting a single job, we use “Queue 600” to submit 600 jobs at once
› $(Process) will be expanded to the process number for each job in the cluster (from 0 up to 599 in this case), so we’ll have “run_0”, “run_1”, … “run_599” directories
› All the input/output files will be in different directories!
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Submit Description File for a BIG Cluster of Jobs
# Example condor_submit input file that defines# a cluster of 600 jobs with different iwdUniverse = vanillaExecutable = my_jobArguments = -arg1 –arg2InitialDir = run_$(Process)Queue 600
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Using condor_rm
› If you want to remove a job from the Condor queue, you use condor_rm
› You can only remove jobs that you own (you can’t run condor_rm on someone else’s jobs unless you are root)
› You can give specific job ID’s (cluster or cluster.proc), or you can remove all of your jobs with the “-a” option.
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Temporarily halt a Job› Use condor_hold to place a job on
hold Kills job if currently running Will not attempt to restart job until
released
› Use condor_release to remove a hold and permit job to be scheduled again
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Using condor_history
› Once your job completes, it will no longer show up in condor_q
› You can use condor_history to view information about a completed job
› The status field (“ST”) will have either a “C” for “completed”, or an “X” if the job was removed with condor_rm
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Getting Email from Condor
› By default, Condor will send you email when your jobs completes With lots of information about the run
› If you don’t want this email, put this in your submit file:
notification = never
› If you want email every time something happens to your job (preempt, exit, etc), use this:
notification = always
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Getting Email from Condor (cont’d)
› If you only want email in case of errors, use this:
notification = error
› By default, the email is sent to your account on the host you submitted from. If you want the email to go to a different address, use this:
notify_user = [email protected]
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A Job’s life story: The “User Log” file
› A UserLog must be specified in your submit file: Log = filename
› You get a log entry for everything that happens to your job: When it was submitted, when it starts
executing, preempted, restarted, completes, if there are any problems, etc.
› Very useful! Highly recommended!
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Sample Condor User Log
000 (8135.000.000) 05/25 19:10:03 Job submitted from host: <128.105.146.14:1816>
...
001 (8135.000.000) 05/25 19:12:17 Job executing on host: <128.105.165.131:1026>
...
005 (8135.000.000) 05/25 19:13:06 Job terminated.
(1) Normal termination (return value 0)
Usr 0 00:00:37, Sys 0 00:00:00 - Run Remote Usage
Usr 0 00:00:00, Sys 0 00:00:05 - Run Local Usage
Usr 0 00:00:37, Sys 0 00:00:00 - Total Remote Usage
Usr 0 00:00:00, Sys 0 00:00:05 - Total Local Usage
9624 - Run Bytes Sent By Job
7146159 - Run Bytes Received By Job
9624 - Total Bytes Sent By Job
7146159 - Total Bytes Received By Job
...
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Uses for the User Log› Easily read by human or machine
C++ library and Perl Module for parsing UserLogs is available
log_xml=True – XML formatted
› Event triggers for meta-schedulers Like DagMan…
› Visualizations of job progress Condor JobMonitor Viewer
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Condor JobMonito
rScreensh
ot
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Job Priorities w/ condor_prio
› condor_prio allows you to specify the order in which your jobs are started
› Higher the prio #, the earlier the job will start% condor_q
-- Submitter: perdita.cs.wisc.edu : <128.105.165.34:1027> :
ID OWNER SUBMITTED RUN_TIME ST PRI SIZE CMD
1.0 frieda 6/16 06:52 0+00:02:11 R 0 0.0 my_job
% condor_prio +5 1.0
% condor_q
-- Submitter: perdita.cs.wisc.edu : <128.105.165.34:1027> :
ID OWNER SUBMITTED RUN_TIME ST PRI SIZE CMD
1.0 frieda 6/16 06:52 0+00:02:13 R 5 0.0 my_job
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Want other Scheduling possibilities?
Use the Scheduler Universe› In addition to VANILLA, another job
universe is the Scheduler Universe.
› Scheduler Universe jobs run on the submitting machine and serve as a meta-scheduler.
› DAGMan meta-scheduler included
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DAGMan
› Directed Acyclic Graph Manager
› DAGMan allows you to specify the dependencies between your Condor jobs, so it can manage them automatically for you.
› (e.g., “Don’t run job “B” until job “A” has completed successfully.”)
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What is a DAG?
› A DAG is the data structure used by DAGMan to represent these dependencies.
› Each job is a “node” in the DAG.
› Each node can have any number of “parent” or “children” nodes – as long as there are no loops!
Job A
Job B Job C
Job D
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› A DAG is defined by a .dag file, listing each of its nodes and their dependencies:# diamond.dagJob A a.subJob B b.subJob C c.subJob D d.subParent A Child B CParent B C Child D
› each node will run the Condor job specified by its accompanying Condor submit file
Defining a DAG
Job A
Job B Job C
Job D
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Submitting a DAG
› To start your DAG, just run condor_submit_dag with your .dag file, and Condor will start a personal DAGMan daemon which to begin running your jobs:
% condor_submit_dag diamond.dag
› condor_submit_dag submits a Scheduler Universe Job with DAGMan as the executable.
› Thus the DAGMan daemon itself runs as a Condor job, so you don’t have to baby-sit it.
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DAGMan
Running a DAG
› DAGMan acts as a “meta-scheduler”, managing the submission of your jobs to Condor based on the DAG dependencies.
CondorJobQueue
C
D
A
A
B.dagFile
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DAGMan
Running a DAG (cont’d)
› DAGMan holds & submits jobs to the Condor queue at the appropriate times.
CondorJobQueue
C
D
B
C
B
A
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DAGMan
Running a DAG (cont’d)
› In case of a job failure, DAGMan continues until it can no longer make progress, and then creates a “rescue” file with the current state of the DAG.
CondorJobQueue
X
D
A
BRescue
File
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DAGMan
Recovering a DAG
› Once the failed job is ready to be re-run, the rescue file can be used to restore the prior state of the DAG.
CondorJobQueue
C
D
A
BRescue
File
C
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DAGMan
Recovering a DAG (cont’d)
› Once that job completes, DAGMan will continue the DAG as if the failure never happened.
CondorJobQueue
C
D
A
B
D
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DAGMan
Finishing a DAG
› Once the DAG is complete, the DAGMan job itself is finished, and exits.
CondorJobQueue
C
D
A
B
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Additional DAGMan Features
› Provides other handy features for job management…
nodes can have PRE & POST scripts failed nodes can be automatically re-
tried a configurable number of times job submission can be “throttled”
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Another sample DAGMan submit file
# Filename: diamond.dagJob A A.condorJob B B.condorJob C C.condorJob D D.condorScript PRE A top_pre.cshScript PRE B mid_pre.perl $JOBScript POST B mid_post.perl $JOB $RETURNScript PRE C mid_pre.perl $JOBScript POST C mid_post.perl $JOB $RETURNScript PRE D bot_pre.cshPARENT A CHILD B CPARENT B C CHILD DRetry C 3
Job A
Job B Job C
Job D
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DAGMan, cont.
› DAGMan can help w/ visualization of the DAG Can create input files for AT&T’s
graphviz package (dot input).
› Why not just use make?
› In the works: dynamic DAGs.
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We’ve seen how Condor will
… keep an eye on your jobs and will keep you posted on their progress
… implement your policy on the execution order of the jobs
… keep a log of your job activities… add fault tolerance to your jobs ?
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What if each job needed to run for
20 days?
What if I wanted to interrupt a job with
a higher priority job?
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Condor’s Standard Universe to the rescue!
› Condor can support various combinations of features/environments in different “Universes”
› Different Universes provide different functionality for your job: Vanilla – Run any Serial Job Scheduler – Plug in a meta-scheduler Standard – Support for transparent
process checkpoint and restart
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Process Checkpointing› Condor’s Process Checkpointing
mechanism saves all the state of a process into a checkpoint file Memory, CPU, I/O, etc.
› The process can then be restarted from right where it left off
› Typically no changes to your job’s source code needed – however, your job must be relinked with Condor’s Standard Universe support library
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Relinking Your Job for submission to the Standard Universe
To do this, just place “condor_compile” in front of the command you normally use to link your job:condor_compile gcc -o myjob myjob.c
OR
condor_compile f77 -o myjob filea.f fileb.f
OR
condor_compile make –f MyMakefile
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Limitations in the Standard Universe
› Condor’s checkpointing is not at the kernel level. Thus in the Standard Universe the job may not Fork() Use kernel threads Use some forms of IPC, such as pipes
and shared memory
› Many typical scientific jobs are OK
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When will Condor checkpoint your job?
› Periodically, if desired For fault tolerance
› To free the machine to do a higher priority task (higher priority job, or a job from a user with higher priority) Preemptive-resume scheduling
› When you explicitly run condor_checkpoint, condor_vacate, condor_off or condor_restart command
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“Standalone” Checkpointing
› Can use Condor Project’s checkpoint technology outside of Condor… SIGTSTP = checkpoint and exit SIGUSR2 = periodic checkpoint
condor_compile cc myapp.c –o myappmyapp -_condor_ckpt foo-image.ckpt…myapp -_condor_restart foo-image.ckpt
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Checkpoint Library Interface
› void init image with file name( char *ckpt file name )
› void init image with file descriptor( int fd )› void ckpt()› void ckpt and exit()› void restart()› void condor ckpt disable()› void condor ckpt enable()› int condor warning config( const char *kind,const
char *mode)› extern int condor compress ckpt
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What Condor Daemons are
running on my machine, and what
do they do?
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Condor Daemon Layout
Personal Condor / Central Manager
master
collector
negotiator
schedd
startd
= Process Spawned
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condor_master› Starts up all other Condor
daemons› If there are any problems and a
daemon exits, it restarts the daemon and sends email to the administrator
› Checks the time stamps on the binaries of the other Condor daemons, and if new binaries appear, the master will gracefully shutdown the currently running version and start the new version
master
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condor_master (cont’d)› Acts as the server for many Condor
remote administration commands: condor_reconfig, condor_restart,
condor_off, condor_on, condor_config_val, etc.
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condor_startd› Represents a machine to
the Condor system
› Responsible for starting, suspending, and stopping jobs
› Enforces the wishes of the machine owner (the owner’s “policy”… more on this soon)
master
startd
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condor_schedd› Represents users to the
Condor system› Maintains the persistent
queue of jobs› Responsible for contacting
available machines and sending them jobs
› Services user commands which manipulate the job queue: condor_submit,condor_rm,
condor_q, condor_hold, condor_release, condor_prio, …
master
schedd
startd
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condor_collector
› Collects information from all other Condor daemons in the pool “Directory Service” / Database for a Condor pool
› Each daemon sends a periodic update called a “ClassAd” to the collector
› Services queries for information: Queries from other Condor daemons Queries from users (condor_status)
scheddcollector
master
startd
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condor_negotiator
› Performs “matchmaking” in Condor› Gets information from the collector about all
available machines and all idle jobs› Tries to match jobs with machines that will serve
them › Both the job and the machine must satisfy each
other’s requirements
master
collector
negotiator
schedd
startd
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Happy Day! Frieda’s organization purchased
a Beowulf Cluster!› Frieda Installs Condor on
all the dedicated Cluster nodes, and configures them with her machine as the central manager…
› Now her Condor Pool can run multiple jobs at once
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yourworkstation
personalCondor
600 Condorjobs
Condor Pool
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Layout of the Condor PoolCentral Manager (Frieda’s)
master
collector
negotiator
schedd
startd
= ClassAd Communication Pathway
= Process Spawned Cluster Node
master
startd
Cluster Node
master
startd
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condor_status% condor_status
Name OpSys Arch State Activity LoadAv Mem ActvtyTime
haha.cs.wisc. IRIX65 SGI Unclaimed Idle 0.198 192 0+00:00:04
antipholus.cs LINUX INTEL Unclaimed Idle 0.020 511 0+02:28:42
coral.cs.wisc LINUX INTEL Claimed Busy 0.990 511 0+01:27:21
doc.cs.wisc.e LINUX INTEL Unclaimed Idle 0.260 511 0+00:20:04
dsonokwa.cs.w LINUX INTEL Claimed Busy 0.810 511 0+00:01:45
ferdinand.cs. LINUX INTEL Claimed Suspended 1.130 511 0+00:00:55
vm1@pinguino. LINUX INTEL Unclaimed Idle 0.000 255 0+01:03:28
vm2@pinguino. LINUX INTEL Unclaimed Idle 0.190 255 0+01:03:29
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Frieda tries out ‘static’ parallel jobs: MPI
Universe› Schedule and start an MPICH job on
dedicated resources
## MPI example submit description fileuniverse = MPIexecutable = simplempilog = logfileinput = infile.$(NODE)output = outfile.$(NODE)error = errfile.$(NODE)machine_count = 4queue
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The Boss says Frieda can add her
co-workers’ desktop machines
into her Condor pool as well…
but only if they can also submit jobs.
(Boss Fat Cat)
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Layout of the Condor PoolCentral Manager (Frieda’s)
master
collector
negotiator
schedd
startd
= ClassAd Communication Pathway
= Process Spawned
Desktop
schedd
startd
master
Desktop
schedd
startd
master
Cluster Node
master
startd
Cluster Node
master
startd
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Some of the machines in the Pool do not have
enough memory or scratch disk space
to run my job!
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Specify Requirements!› An expression (syntax similar to C or Java)› Must evaluate to True for a match to be made
Universe = vanillaExecutable = my_jobInitialDir = run_$(Process)Requirements = Memory >= 256 && Disk > 10000Queue 600
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Specify Rank!› All matches which meet the requirements can
be sorted by preference with a Rank expression. › Higher the Rank, the better the match
Universe = vanillaExecutable = my_jobArguments = -arg1 –arg2InitialDir = run_$(Process)Requirements = Memory >= 256 && Disk > 10000Rank = (KFLOPS*10000) + MemoryQueue 600
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What attributes can I reference in
Requirements/Rank ?› Answer: Any attributes that appear in the
machine or job classad› Out of the box, Condor has ~70 attributes per
machine classad and ~70 attributes per job classad
› Sites can add their own custom machine or job classads
› To see all ad attributes: condor_status –long (for machine classads) condor_q –long (for job classads)
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How can my jobs access their data
files?
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Access to Data in Condor
› Use Shared Filesystem if available› No shared filesystem?
Remote System Calls (in the Standard Universe)
Condor File Transfer Service• Can automatically send back changed files• Atomic transfer of multiple files
Remote I/O Proxy Socket
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Standard Universe Remote System Calls
› I/O System calls trapped and sent back to submit machine
› Allows Transparent Migration Across Administrative Domains Checkpoint on machine A, restart on B
› No Source Code changes required› Language Independent› Opportunities
For Application Steering• Example: Condor tells customer process “how” to open files
For compression on the fly More…
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Customer Job
Job Startup
Submit
Schedd
Shadow
Startd
Starter
CondorSyscall Lib
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condor_q -ioc01(69)% condor_q -io
-- Submitter: c01.cs.wisc.edu : <128.105.146.101:2996> : c01.cs.wisc.edu
ID OWNER READ WRITE SEEK XPUT BUFSIZE BLKSIZE
72.3 edayton [ no i/o data collected yet ]
72.5 edayton 6.8 MB 0.0 B 0 104.0 KB/s 512.0 KB 32.0 KB
73.0 edayton 6.4 MB 0.0 B 0 140.3 KB/s 512.0 KB 32.0 KB
73.2 edayton 6.8 MB 0.0 B 0 112.4 KB/s 512.0 KB 32.0 KB
73.4 edayton 6.8 MB 0.0 B 0 139.3 KB/s 512.0 KB 32.0 KB
73.5 edayton 6.8 MB 0.0 B 0 139.3 KB/s 512.0 KB 32.0 KB
73.7 edayton [ no i/o data collected yet ]
0 jobs; 0 idle, 0 running, 0 held
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Condor File Transfer› Set Should_Transfer_Files
YES : Always transfer files to execution site NO : Rely on a shared filesystem IF_NEEDED : will automatically transfer the files if the submit
and execute machine are not in the same FileSystemDomain
› Set When_To_Transfer_Output ON_EXIT or ON_EXIT_OR_VACATE
Universe = vanillaExecutable = my_jobRequirements = Memory >= 256 && Disk > 10000Should_Transfer_Files = IF_NEEDEDWhen_To_Transfer_Output = IF_NEEDEDTransfer_input_files = dataset$(Process), common.dataTransfer_output_files = TheAnswer.datQueue 600
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Remote I/O Socket› Job can request that the condor_starter process on
the execute machine create a Remote I/O Proxy Socket
› Used for online access of file on submit machine – without Standard Universe. Use in Vanilla, Java, …
› Libraries provided for Java and for C, e.g. :Java: FileInputStream -> ChirpInputStream
C : open() -> chirp_open()› Or use Parrot!
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Job
Fork
startershadow
HomeFile
System
I/O Library
I/O Server I/O Proxy
Secure Remote I/O
Local System Calls
Local I/O(Chirp)
Execution SiteSubmission Site
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I am adding nodes to the Cluster… but
the Engineering Department has priority on these
nodes.
(Boss Fat Cat)
Policy Configuration
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The Machine (Startd) Policy Expressions
START – When is this machine willing to start a job
RANK - Job PreferencesSUSPEND - When to suspend a jobCONTINUE - When to continue a suspended
jobPREEMPT – When to nicely stop running a jobKILL - When to immediately kill a
preempting job
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Freida’s Current Settings
START = TrueRANK =SUSPEND = FalseCONTINUE =PREEMPT = FalseKILL = False
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Freida’s New Settings for the Chemistry
nodesSTART = True
RANK = Department == “Chemistry”
SUSPEND = FalseCONTINUE =PREEMPT = FalseKILL = False
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Submit file with Custom Attribute
Executable = charm-runUniverse = standard+Department = Chemistryqueue
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What if “Department” not specified?
START = TrueRANK = Department =!= UNDEFINED
&& Department == “Chemistry”SUSPEND = FalseCONTINUE =PREEMPT = FalseKILL = False
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Another example
START = TrueRANK = Department =!= UNDEFINED
&& ((Department == “Chemistry”)*2 + Department == “Physics”)
SUSPEND = FalseCONTINUE =PREEMPT = FalseKILL = False
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The Cluster is fine. But not the
desktop machines. Condor can only use the desktops when they would otherwise be idle.
(Boss Fat Cat)
Policy Configuration, cont
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So Frieda decides she wants the desktops to:
› START jobs when their has been no activity on the keyboard/mouse for 5 minutes and the load average is low
› SUSPEND jobs as soon as activity is detected
› PREEMPT jobs if the activity continues for 5 minutes or more
› KILL jobs if they take more than 5 minutes to preempt
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Macros in the Config FileNonCondorLoadAvg = (LoadAvg - CondorLoadAvg)
BackgroundLoad = 0.3HighLoad = 0.5KeyboardBusy = (KeyboardIdle < 10)CPU_Busy = ($(NonCondorLoadAvg) >= $
(HighLoad))MachineBusy = ($(CPU_Busy) || $(KeyboardBusy))ActivityTimer = (CurrentTime -
EnteredCurrentActivity)
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Desktop Machine Policy
START = $(CPU_Idle) && KeyboardIdle > 300SUSPEND = $(MachineBusy)CONTINUE = $(CPU_Idle) && KeyboardIdle >
120PREEMPT = (Activity == "Suspended") &&
$(ActivityTimer) > 300KILL = $(ActivityTimer) > 300
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Policy Review› Users submitting jobs can specify
Requirements and Rank expressions› Administrators can specify Startd Policy
expressions individually for each machine (Start,Suspend,etc)
› Expressions can use any job or machine ClassAd attribute
› Custom attributes easily added› Bottom Line: Enforce almost any policy!
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I want to use Java.Is there any easyway to run Java programs via
Condor?
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Java Universe Jobuniverse = javaexecutable = Main.classjar_files = MyLibrary.jarinput = infileoutput = outfilearguments = Main 1 2 3queue
condor_submit
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Why not use Vanilla Universe for Java jobs?
› Java Universe provides more than just inserting “java” at the start of the execute line Knows which machines have a JVM installed Knows the location, version, and
performance of JVM on each machine Provides more information about Java job
completion than just JVM exit code• Program runs in a Java wrapper, allowing Condor
to report Java exceptions, etc.
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Java support, cont.
condor_status -java
Name JavaVendor Ver State Activity LoadAv Mem
aish.cs.wisc. Sun Microsy 1.2.2 Owner Idle 0.000 249
anfrom.cs.wis Sun Microsy 1.2.2 Owner Idle 0.030 249
babe.cs.wisc. Sun Microsy 1.2.2 Claimed Busy 1.120 123
...
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My MPI programs are running on the dedicated nodes.Can I run parallel jobs on the non-
dedicated nodes?
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PVM Universe› Allows dynamic, “opportunistic” PVM
Number of nodes can change dynamically› Specify a minimum and maximum
number of nodes› Works well for Master/Worker paradigm› Differences from regular PVM
pvm_addhost() is non-blocking pvm_notify enhanced w/ suspend state PVM “arch string” enhanced
› Can also use “MW” … does all the work for you.
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Non-dedicated Parallel Job: PVM Universe, Cont.
# The job is a PVM universe job.universe = PVM# The executable of the master PVM program is ``master.exe''.executable = master.exeinput = "in.dat"output = "out.dat"error = "err.dat"################### Machine class 0 ##################Requirements = (Arch == "INTEL") && (OpSys == "LINUX")# We want at least 2 machines in class 0 before starting the# program. We can use up to 4 machines.machine_count = 2..4queue################### Machine class 1 ##################Requirements = (Arch == "SUN4x") && (OpSys == "SOLARIS26")# We can use up to 50 more….machine_count = 1..50queue
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General User Commands› condor_status View Pool Status
› condor_q View Job Queue› condor_submit Submit new Jobs› condor_rm Remove Jobs› condor_prio Intra-User Prios› condor_history Completed Job Info› condor_submit_dag Specify Dependencies› condor_checkpoint Force a checkpoint› condor_compile Link Condor library
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Administrator Commands› condor_vacate Leave a machine now
› condor_on Start Condor
› condor_off Stop Condor
› condor_reconfig Reconfig on-the-fly
› condor_config_val View/set config
› condor_userprio User Priorities
› condor_stats View detailed usage accounting stats
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CondorView Usage Graph
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Back to the Story…
Frieda Needs Remote Resources…
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Frieda Builds a Grid!
› First Frieda takes advantage of her Condor friends!
› She knows people with their own Condor pools, and gets permission to access their resources
› She then configures her Condor pool to “flockflock” to these pools
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yourworkstation
Friendly Condor Pool
personalCondor
600 Condorjobs
Condor Pool
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How Flocking Works› Add a line to your condor_config :
FLOCK_HOSTS = Pool-Foo, Pool-Bar
ScheddSchedd
CollectorCollector
NegotiatorNegotiator
Central Manager
(CONDOR_HOST)
CollectorCollector
NegotiatorNegotiator
Pool-Foo Central Manager
CollectorCollector
NegotiatorNegotiator
Pool-BarCentral Manager
SubmitMachine
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Condor Flocking› Remote pools are contacted in the order
specified until jobs are satisfied
› The list of remote pools is a property of the Schedd, not the Central Manager So different users can Flock to different
pools And remote pools can allow specific users
› User-priority system is “flocking-aware” A pool’s local users can have priority over
remote users “flocking” in.
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Condor Flocking, cont.› Flocking is “Condor” specific technology…› Frieda also has access to Globus resources
she wants to use She has certificates and access to Globus
gatekeepers at remote institutions
› But Frieda wants Condor’s queue management features for her Globus jobs!
› She installs Condor-G so she can submit “Globus Universe” jobs to Condor
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Condor-G: Access non-Condor Grid resources
Globus
› middleware deployed across entire Grid
› remote access to computational resources
› dependable, robust data transfer
Condor› job scheduling across
multiple resources
› strong fault tolerance with checkpointing and migration
› layered over Globus as “personal batch system” for the Grid
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Condor-G
Condor-GCondor-G
Job Description (Job ClassAd)
GT2 [.1|2|4]
HTTPSCondor NorduGrid Oracle
GT3
OGSIUnicore?
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Frieda Submits a Globus Universe Job
› In her submit description file, she specifies: Universe = Globus Which Globus Gatekeeper to use Optional: Location of file containing your
Globus certificateuniverse = globusglobusscheduler = beak.cs.wisc.edu/jobmanagerexecutable = prognamequeue
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How It Works
ScheddSchedd
LSFLSF
Personal Condor Globus Resource
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How It Works
ScheddSchedd
LSFLSF
Personal Condor Globus Resource
600 Globusjobs
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How It Works
ScheddSchedd
LSFLSF
Personal Condor Globus Resource
GridManagerGridManager
600 Globusjobs
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How It Works
ScheddSchedd JobManagerJobManager
LSFLSF
Personal Condor Globus Resource
GridManagerGridManager
600 Globusjobs
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How It Works
ScheddSchedd JobManagerJobManager
LSFLSF
User JobUser Job
Personal Condor Globus Resource
GridManagerGridManager
600 Globusjobs
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Condor Globus Universe
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Globus Universe Concerns
› What about Fault Tolerance? Local Crashes
• What if the submit machine goes down? Network Outages
• What if the connection to the remote Globus jobmanager is lost?
Remote Crashes• What if the remote Globus jobmanager
crashes?• What if the remote machine goes down?
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Changes to the Globus JobManager for Fault
Tolerance› Ability to restart a JobManager
› Enhanced two-phase commit submit protocol
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Globus Universe Fault-Tolerance: Submit-side
Failures› All relevant state for each submitted job
is stored persistently in the Condor job queue.
› This persistent information allows the Condor GridManager upon restart to read the state information and reconnect to JobManagers that were running at the time of the crash.
› If a JobManager fails to respond…
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Globus Universe Fault-Tolerance:Lost Contact with Remote
JobmanagerCan we contact gatekeeper?
Yes – network was downNo – machine crashed
or job completed
Yes - jobmanager crashed No – retry until we can talk to gatekeeper again…
Can we reconnect to jobmanager?
Has job completed?
No – is job still running?
Yes – update queue
Restart jobmanager
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Globus Universe Fault-Tolerance: Credential
Management› Authentication in Globus is done
with limited-lifetime X509 proxies› Proxy may expire before jobs finish
executing› Condor can put jobs on hold and
email user to refresh proxy› Todo: Interface with MyProxy…
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Can Condor-G decide where to run
my jobs?
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Condor-G Matchmaking
› Alternative to Glidein: Use Condor-G matchmaking with globus universe jobs
› Allows Condor-G to dynamically assign computing jobs to grid sites
› An example of lazy planning
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Condor-G Matchmaking, cont.
› Normally a globus universe job must specify the site in the submit description file via the “globusscheduler” attribute like so:
Executable = foo
Universe = globus
Globusscheduler = beak.cs.wisc.edu/jobmanager-pbs
queue
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Condor-G Matchmaking, cont.
› With matchmaking, globus universe jobs can use requirements and rank:
Executable = foo
Universe = globus
Globusscheduler = $$(GatekeeperUrl)
Requirements = arch == LINUX
Rank = NumberOfNodes
Queue
› The $$(x) syntax inserts information from the target ClassAd when a match is made.
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Condor-G Matchmaking, cont.› Where do these target ClassAds
representing Globus gatekeepers come from? Several options: Simple script on gatekeeper publishes an ad via
condor_advertise command-line utility (method used by D0 JIM, USCMS)
Program to query Globus MDS and convert information into ClassAd (method used by EDG)
Run HawkEye with appropriate plugins on the gatekeeper
› For explanation of Condor-G matchmaking setup for USCMS, see http://www.cs.wisc.edu/condor/USCMS_matchmaking.html
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DAGMan Callouts› Another mechanism to achieve lazy
planning: DAGMan callouts› Define DAGMAN_HELPER_COMMAND in
condor_config (usually a script)› The helper command is passed a copy of
the job submit file when DAGMan is about to submit that node in the graph
› This allows changes to be made to the submit file (such as changing GlobusScheduler) at the last minute
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But Frieda Wants More…
› She wants to run standard universe jobs on Globus-managed resources For matchmaking and dynamic
scheduling of jobs For job checkpointing and migration For remote system calls
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One Solution: Condor-G GlideIn
› Frieda can use the Globus Universe to run Condor daemons on Globus resources
› When the resources run these GlideIn jobs, they will temporarily join her Condor Pool
› She can then submit Standard, Vanilla, PVM, or MPI Universe jobs and they will be matched and run on the Globus resources
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yourworkstation
Friendly Condor Pool
personalCondor
600 Condorjobs
Globus Grid
PBS LSF
Condor
Condor Pool
glide-in jobs
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How It Works
ScheddSchedd
LSFLSF
CollectorCollector
Personal Condor Globus Resource
600 Condorjobs
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How It Works
ScheddSchedd
LSFLSF
CollectorCollector
Personal Condor Globus Resource
600 Condorjobs
GlideIn jobs
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How It Works
ScheddSchedd
LSFLSF
CollectorCollector
Personal Condor Globus Resource
GridManagerGridManager
600 Condorjobs
GlideIn jobs
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How It Works
ScheddSchedd JobManagerJobManager
LSFLSF
CollectorCollector
Personal Condor Globus Resource
GridManagerGridManager
600 Condorjobs
GlideIn jobs
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How It Works
ScheddSchedd JobManagerJobManager
LSFLSF
StartdStartd
CollectorCollector
Personal Condor Globus Resource
GridManagerGridManager
600 Condorjobs
GlideIn jobs
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How It Works
ScheddSchedd JobManagerJobManager
LSFLSF
StartdStartd
CollectorCollector
Personal Condor Globus Resource
GridManagerGridManager
600 Condorjobs
GlideIn jobs
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How It Works
ScheddSchedd JobManagerJobManager
LSFLSF
User JobUser Job
StartdStartd
CollectorCollector
Personal Condor Globus Resource
GridManagerGridManager
600 Condorjobs
GlideIn jobs
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Job Submission Machine
Job Execution Site
Job
Condor-G GridManager
GASS Server
Condor-G Scheduler
Persistant Job Queue
End User Requests
Condor Shadow
Process for Job X
Condor-G Collector
Globus Daemons +
Local Site Scheduler
[See Figure 1]
Condor Daemons
Job X
Condor System Call
Trapping & Checkpoint Library
Resource
Information
Transfer Job X
Redirected System Call
Data
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GlideIn Concerns
› What if a Globus resource kills my GlideIn job? That resource will disappear from your pool and your
jobs will be rescheduled on other machines Standard universe jobs will resume from their last
checkpoint like usual
› What if all my jobs are completed before a GlideIn job runs? If a GlideIn Condor daemon is not matched with a job
in 10 minutes, it terminates, freeing the resource
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Common Questions, cont.My Personal Condor is flocking with a bunch
of Solaris machines, and also doing a GlideIn to a Silicon Graphics O2K. I do not want to statically partition my jobs.
Solution: In your submit file, say: Executable = myjob.$$(OpSys).$$(Arch)
The “$$(xxx)” notation is replaced with attributes from the machine ClassAd which was matched with your job.
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In Review
With Condor Frieda can… … manage her compute job workload … access local machines … build a grid to access remote
Condor Pools via flocking … access remote compute resources
on grids via Globus Universe jobs … carve out her own personal Condor
Pool from a grid with GlideIn technology
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I wan to create a portal to Condor.
Is there a developer API to Condor?
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Developer API
› Do not underestimate the flexibility of the command line tools!
› If not possible, consider SOAP
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HTTP Stack Added
Condor Service
CedarTodo:HTTPS and/orHTTPG
And nowHTTP
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Current SOAP status
› Clients can now use CEDAR or HTTP protocol to communicate to Condor daemons.
› If HTTP command is GET : use a built-in “mini” web server
• Useful for retrieving WSDL from the service itself
POST : assumed to be a SOAP RPC
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Current SOAP status, cont.
› Created first pass XML Schema representation of a list of ClassAds, and first pass WSDL files.
› CEDAR is more of a message-passing model instead of a true RPCmodel many back-and-forth messages. we working on the considerable
task of re-arranging the implementation in the Condor daemons from message-passing model to a true RPC model.
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Current SOAP status, cont.
› Started with the Collector modified the implementation of the collector
so all of the query operations are ignorant of the underlying transport (CEDAR or SOAP, it no longer knows or cares)
created SOAP stubs for all collector query operations
Proof of concept: simple “condor_status” was written in Perl. It works!
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Current Activity
› Currently adding soap stubs in the schedd for our queue management API. This will give the equal of condor_q,
condor_prio, condor_qedit, condor_rm, …
› Adding DIME support (binary attachments to SOAP messages) in preparation for job sandbox delivery for submit interface.
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Thank you!
Check us out on the Web:http://www.cs.wisc.edu/condor
Email:[email protected]