Robin McLaren Know Edge Ltd

Edinburgh, Scotland, UK robin.mclaren@KnowEdge.com

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•  Adding value to crowdsourced open data through networks  based  on  trust,  protocols  and  rules.  

•  Reducing value through not managing unintended consequences. (who are we empowering with open data?)

•  Monetizing your passive location information.

©  Know  Edge  Ltd  

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Motivated, well trained and managed.

©  Know  Edge  Ltd  

Source: http://www.ncwildlife.org/News/Blogs

Christmas  Day  Bird  Count  

Source: http://techcrunch.com

Weather  

4  ©  Know  Edge  Ltd  

Source: www.openstreetmap.org

©Know  Edge  Ltd   5  

MapMyRights

Trust based land rights solutions

Grassroots land rights recordation

Crowdsourced land rights Source: http://pixdaus.com

Global Cadastre

Open Tenure

75% world’s population have no access to formal Land Administration services

6  ©  MapMyRights  

Tenure insecurity has a knock on effect on sustainable cities, climate change management, food security, poverty alleviation and more.

Only 25% of the 6 billion land parcels worldwide are formally registered and have robust security of tenure.

Source: http://reliefweb.int/map/world/world-food-security-risk-index-2013

•  USAID Mobile Project - 3 pilot projects starting in Tanzania (Cloudburst).

•  Rainforest Foundation UK •  Forest Peoples Programme •  The Indigenous Peoples Alliance of the

Archipelago (AMAN) •  Namati •  First Peoples Worldwide •  Kyrgyzstan •  Rwanda •  ……..

Source: http://uwnews.org

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•  Increased security of tenure for citizens and communities leads to:  •  Social stability •  Reduction of poverty •  Inclusion in economic development •  Good land governance •  Reduced risk of land grabbing •  Kids can go to school………

This is the motivation to engage in crowdsourcing ©  Know  Edge  Ltd  

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Source: http://socialevolutionforum.com

Source: http://www.clker.com

10  ©  Know  Edge  Ltd  

Source: http://pixdaus.com

Citizens / Communities

Lead Foundation

Academics

Open Source Developer

Community

Professional Bodies

Donors / Partners

NGOs / CSOs

Trusted Intermediaries

Commercial Service Users

All adding value

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•  Avoid open crowdsourcing at the outset. •  Land professionals / NGOs train trusted

intermediaries in communities. •  Self-organize into collaborating networks.

©Know  Edge  Ltd  

Source: www.flikr.com

•  Intermediaries could be shared with other information services, e.g. health and agriculture.

•  Land rights simply a bi-product of other services, e.g. microfinance, micro-insurance.

12  ©Know  Edge  Ltd  Source: Dutch Kadaster

Authorities   Formal  Data   Users  

Authorities  

Intermediaries  Professional  Crowd  

Users  (Crowd)  

Formal  Data  

Informal  Data  

Informal  Data  

Network  based  on  trust,  protocols  and  rules  

OLD  

NEW  

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Informal Land Rights

Perceived tenure approaches

Occupancy Adverse Possession Leases

Customary Anti evictions

Group tenure

Registered Freehold

Formal Land Rights

Source: UN-HABITAT

Crowdsourced Entry Point

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•  Agree pathway with governments to upgrade and formalise crowdsourced land rights.

•  Support of Fit-For-Purpose approach to land administration.

©Know  Edge  Ltd  

Source: http://www.usaid.gov/news-information

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!  Flexible in the spatial data capture.

!  Inclusive in scope to cover all tenure and all land.

!  Participatory in approach to data capture and use to ensure community support.

!  Affordable for the government to establish and operate, and for society to use.

!  Reliable in terms of information that is authoritative and up-to-date.

!  Attainable to establish the system within a short timeframe and within available resources.

!  Upgradeable with regard to incremental improvement over time in response to social and legal needs and emerging economic opportunities.

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Source: http://www.urbansamurai.com

What can go wrong?

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•  People record claims for land that is not theirs. •  Slum dwellers want to hide and do not record their

rights. •  Citizens record their rights, but do not want their

rights publicised. •  The technology savvy members of communities take

control of land. •  Tribal chiefs abuse power over new land rights. •  The cost of trusted intermediaries turn them into

gatekeepers.

©Know  Edge  Ltd  

! Use trusted intermediaries & societal evidence ! User driven reputation systems ! Technology triggers & interventions !  Land governance capacity building ! Create pathway for formalising rights

Source: http://www.urbansamurai.com ©Know  Edge  Ltd  

Good  mitigation  builds  trust  and  value  

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•  Passive data can be mined and used in many different ways.

•  Worth $156 billion in 2012 ($500 billion in 10 years).

•  Currently $60 for each of the world’s 2.5 billion internet users.

•  What % of this value is location information – 25%? Will increase with indoor navigation.

•  Citizens should charge for use of their passive location information.

[Source: Data-Driven Marketing Institute] ©  Know  Edge  Ltd  

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•  Value of crowdsourced information can be leveraged through networks, protocols and rules.

•  Passive location information worth $40B / year.

•  Trust based systems can be entry points for legal based systems and incrementally build value.

•  Poor management of unintended consequences can destroy the value of crowdsourced information.