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Chapter – VI

CONCLUSION

Any ancient civilization, ports played vital role in the

economic process of the region and its contribution is

immeasurable. Reliable means of transportation and wide

spread maritime connections with the outside world are

one of the essential pre-requisites for economic progress

and development of the region. One of the urgent

priorities of the developing countries improved the status

of the ports which are most important link in over seas

transport and international trade. Ports in advanced

countries have been enlarged and improved in a process

of gradual evolution, over a long span of years. They had

at their disposal a centuries long experience, well trained

personnel and labour and an unparalleled wealth of

financial and human resources within their immediate

hinter lands.

The relationships between sea ports, cities,

transport systems and regional development patterns are

changed rapidly. Hence, the relationship between ports

and industrialization, which lie at the relationship of

heart and body deserves particularly close attention. It is

evident that the ports attain paramount importance in

the economic development of the region.

213

Visakhapatnam Port Trust is very important for the

economic life of our country and even for its political

independence. Moreover, the port provided a direct

access to world markets and excellent opportunity for

developing trade with a wide range of countries without

costly intermediaries. It made possible to buy foreign

goods at source from suppliers who offer most convenient

terms and to sell domestic products to most desirable

foreign customers. Many industrial and agricultural

development projects depended on the availability of

conveniently located port and could not be implemented

without a port.

Visakhapatnam Port was established for a variety of

linkage of growth, urban expansion, industrial

development and regional planning. The initial stage of

development is normally provided by the water site, the

physical conditions of the harbour, while the level of port

development and urban growth is the stage of land

development. Hence, the various stages of port

developments are significantly generate stimuli in the

expansion of port activities and also resulted rapid

developments in multifaced development such as

industry, infrastructural facilities, investment, service

sectors, employment generation and population

explosion, city spread not only port city but also within

their hinter lands. This changes are determined

effectively through evolutionary approach. Further, these

214

inter linkages played a vital role in the planning of ports

as well as ports city planning in short and long term

perspectives.

The industrialization of Visakhapatnam Port and its

hinter land regions is perhaps the most important sphere

in which the interaction of port functions and urban

process may be observed and analyzed. These

interactions form part of wider system involving

relationships between traffic generation zones in the

hinterland, lack of efficiency in the ports, land and sea

transport systems, market control factors, planning

legislation and much else. In respect of employment, for

each person employed directly in the port, two or three

may be employed in port-related activities, and seven or

eight may live in the urban area.

The Visakhapatnam Port Trust played a vital role in

the transport and regional economic development. Port

development create stimuli in various modes of

transportation particularly roads and railways. The ports

have generally good transport systems stands at the

centre of a web of locational inter-relationships,

simultaneously reflecting and affecting interactions over a

far wider compass than that of the transport node and

urban settlement which the city port itself comprises.

These interrelationships depend upon the type of

economy involved, the level of development at which

215

transport improvements are introduced and the general

and specific objectives of planning intervention.

The Visakhapatnam Port contributed to the Port

Industrialization and Regional Development of the region.

The prime requirement to explore the inter-related

temporal and spatial problems of port, urban and

regional systems on a wide variety of scales such as

assessment of relationships between port and industrial

development change overtime, relation to port policy

decisions and national policy decisions. Further, the

future planning of the port is also turned the regional and

national economic policies.

The port development significantly contributed to

stimuli multi faced developments in port city and its

hinterland regions particularly, in urban expansion,

industrial development, service and employment sectors.

Hence, the determinate anal of historical perspectives of

port developments provided strong base not only for port

alone but also for city and its hinter land planning in the

short and larger perspectives.

Visakhapatnam was earlier know as Vizagapatnam.

According to Mr. Carmichael, Editor of District Manual in

1869, the name of Visakhapatnam is etymologically

explained as the town of Vaisakheswara A king of Andhra

dynasty on his piligrimage to Varanasi encamped on the

216

present site and pleased with its scenic beauty, has built

a temple to his family deity Vaisakheswara. Dutch

traders for the first Europeans to enter Vizagapatnam in

the year 1862 and saw the settlement of a Branch of East

India Company. A factory was started and preparing salt

arrock betel leaves. By the 17th century to meet the

growing demand of wool, East India Company established

factories at Machilipatnam, Madapalem, Injaram and

Vizagapatnam on the coramandal coast. The other

exports from the Visakhapatnam port were oil, seeds,

jaggery, hides and skin, jute and indigo, while the

imports from the port were cotton twists and yarn for the

use of hand loom weavers. By the close of 19th century, it

is considered one of the important trade centres having

extensive relations with Burma. The ships of British India

Steam Navigation Company were regularly visiting the

port. The railway link from Calcutta to Madras and

branch line from Raipur brought Visakhapatnam on the

maritime map of the country. Mr. E. S. Thomos

submitting the proposals for the creation of port in 1872

described it as the most natural and most easily formed

port on the East Coast of India. The British ruler as far

back as 1858 felt need for development of a Port in this

natural bay and the first detailed report "Vizag the Port of

central provinces" was published in 1877. It was only in

1914 that the proposal of construction of harbour at

Visakhapatnam was initiated by the Bengal Nagpur

Railway. During 1922, Bengal Nagpur Railway revived the

217

proposal of Col. Car Wright Reid of British admiral for

construction of the inner harbour at the mouth of the

river Meghadrigedda. The actual construction

commenced in 1927 and continued upto 1933. The Port

was constructed at a cost of ` 378 lakhs when it was

opened, it consisted of 3 berths and handled 1.3 lakh

tonnes of traffic.

The Port administration has passed through

different departments and ministries of the Government

of India till its transfer to the Port Trust February, 1964

under Major Port Trust Act, 1963. The major

administrative periods of the port are:

1933 – 35 Railway Board

1935 – 37 Commerce Department

1937 – 42 Communication Department

1943 – 44 Water Transport Department

1944 – 46 Defence war Department

1946 – 56 Bengal Nagpur Railway

1956 – 64 Ministry of Transport

1956 – 68 Trust under M.P.T. Act.

The major developments of the port in different

periods are assessed.

Back drop of Visakhapatnam Port:

1877 Publication of the First detailed Report on

Visakhapatnam Port called “Vizag” the Port of

Central Provinces

218

1922 Approval of the proposal of Cot. Cart Wright

Reid for the construction of the harbour

1927 Commencement of the construction of the Port

1932 Commencement of construction of the Port

Graving Dock

Railway Board:

1933 Opening of the Port for ocean going vessels and

declaration of the Port as a major port, S S Jala

Durga, the first commercial ship entered the

Port. Commissioning of Quay Berths Q – 1, Q –

2 and Q – 3.

Bengal Nagpur Railway:

1948 Launching of ‘Jala Usha’ the first vessel

constructed by M/s Hindustan Shipyard

Limited

1951 Construction of three jetty berths J – 1, J – 2

and J – 3

1955 Construction of Quay berth Q – 4

Trust under MPT Act

1957 Construction of Oil Sharf consisting of two

berths and commissioning of Caltex Oil

Refinery, commissioning of oil berths, Or – 1

and Or – 2

1962 Extension of Port Graving Dock

1964 Constitution of Visakhapatnam Port Trust

219

1965 First ore train arrived at the Port.

Commissioning of ore handling plant. Ore berth

WOB – 2, iron ore berth WOB – 1

1966 Commissioning of Ligterage Wharf, Night

navigation commenced

Commissioning of Quay berth Q – 5

1967 M/s. Hindustan Shipyard Graving Dock project

started, commissioning of Fertilizer Berth F B,

first ship berthed at Fertilizer Berth

1968 Commissioning of Quay Berth Q – 5. The first

submarine of the Indian Navy entered the port,

parallel Bridge (326.14 m) opened

Visakhapatnam Port Trust

1969 Commissioning of 150 tonne self propelled

floating crane “Bheema”

1970 The port opened for round – clock navigation.

Commissioning of bucket wheel Reclaimer,

Remodelling of North Holdin yard

1971 (i) Construction of Administrative office

building

(ii) Completion of M/s. Hindustan Shipyard

graving block

(iii) Completion of road fly over bridge

1972 Laying of foundation stone for outer harbour

1973 GHD Durga 500 M3 capacity Grab – Hopper

Dredger commissioned

1975 Completion of construction work on ore berth at

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the outer harbour.

Temporary commissioning of new ore berth at

the outer harbour for oil lightening,

introduction of new system of unloading of bulk

fertilizers by means of grabs

By 1975, the Visakhapatnam Port obtain best

position among major ports of India. The later stages

grew rapidly and attain 1st rank in the shipping sector.

Railway Board 1933 – 35:

Port Fund: The receipts and expenditures during

this period said to be negligible.

Exports: The total exports has been increased from

1,15,642 to 2,53,638 tonnes during this period and

registered an increasing of 119.33 % during this period.

Imports: The total quantum of imports has also

been increased from 12,300 to 34,691 tonnes and

registered an increase of 182.04 % during this period.

Commodity wise exports: There are 13 commodities

such as Ground nuts, lin seed, Myrabolans, Manganese

ore, Mustard and other oil seeds, gunny bales, jute, twine

and hemp, grains and pulses, clicake, mangoes and

mango cheese, miscellaneous, annoto seed, jaggery.

221

Commodity wise Imports:- There are 30

commodities such as tamarind, oil manstores, chillies,

confectionery, pipes and other engineering materials

made of metal, tiles and other engineering and building

materials not made of metal, chemicals and chemical

products, seeds, oil and other kinds, flour, farina and

starch, rice, grains, pulse and cereals of all kinds,

potatoes, garlic and vegetables, glassware, cotton piece

goods, cotton twist and other cotton manufactures,

gunny bags, hessain, jute twist and other jute

manufactures, sugar, jaggery and molasses, cigarettes,

tobacco and other smokers requisites, soap, soapnuts

and other toilet requisites, paints, colours, and other

painting materials, timber, scatlings, and other wooden

ware, motor cars, crafts, liquors and spirits, matches,

oils, resins, gum, lac, wax, rubber, metals and metal

sheets, coal, musical and scientific instruments,

machinery, hurricane lanterns, old newspaper etc.,

Commerce Department 1935 – 37:

Port Fund: The total receipts of the Port during

1935-37 is about ` 12.41 Crores while the expenditure of

the Port during this period is about ` 14.85 Crores.

Hence, the financial status of the Port is in deficit during

this period. (` 2.44 Crores).

Pilotage Fund: The total receipts under Pilotage fund

during this period is about ` 0.52 crores while the

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expenditure incurred under the head during this period

is about 0.57 crores. The financial status under this head

is about ` 0.05 crores of deficit reported during this

period.

Exports: The total quantam of exports has been

reported decline from .4779716 to 436255 tonnes and

registered decline about -9.06% during this period.

Imports: The total quantum of imports has been

increased from 3.3195 to 40475 tonnes and registered an

increase of about 25.72% during 1935-36 to 1936-37.

Commodity wise Exports; There are 30 commodities

such as tamarind, oilman stores, chillies, confictionery,

pipes and other engineering materials made of metal

,(tiles and other engineering and building materials not

made of metal, chemicals and chemical products, seeds,

oil and other kinds, flour, farina and starch, rice, grains,

pulse and cereals of all kinds, potatoes, garlic and

vegetables, glassware, cotton piece goods., cotton twist

and other cotton manufactures, gunny bags, hessain,

jute twist and other jute manufactures, sugar, jaggery

and molasses, cigarettes, tobacco and other smokers

requisites, soap, soap nuts and other toilet requisites,

paint' colours, and other painting materials, timber,

scatlings, and other wooden ware, motor cars, crafts,

liquors and spirits, matches, oils, resins, gum, lac, wax,

223

rubber, metals and metal sheets, coal, musical and

scientific instruments, machinery, hurricane lanterns,

old I newspaper etc.

Commodity wise Imports: There are 31 commodities

such as groundnuts, moura seed, linreed, myrabolans,

manganese ore, bidi leaves, mustard and other oil seeds,

gunny bales, jute twine and hemp; grains and pulses, oil

cakes, mangoes and mango cheese, miscellaneous, niger

seed, bunker coal, annatoo, jaggery, divi divi, scrap iron,

palmyra fibre, turmeric, nuk vomica, hide flesings,

tobacco, transshipment cargo, motor cars, brooms, live

stock, cashew nuts,

Communication Department 1937 – 42:

Port Fund: The receipts and expenditures under

Port and Pilotage Fund is not reported in the annual

reports of the Port during this period.

Exports: The total exports has been reported decline

from 91509 to 41227 tonnes and registered about

28.82% during 1937-38 to 1942-43.

Commodities wise exports: About 31 commodities

such as groundnuts, mouraseed, myrabolans,

manganese ore, bidilevees, mustard and other oil seeds,

gunny bales, jute, twine and hemp, grains and pulses,

;oil cakes, mangoes and mango cheese, miscellaneous,

224

niger seed, bunker coal, coartor seed, annatto seed,

jaggery, dividi, scrap Iron, palmura fibre, turmeric, nuk

vomica, hide fleshings, tobacco transshipment cargo,

motor cars, brooms, live stock, cashew nuts, bones.

Commodity wise Imports: There are 34 commodities

such as tamarind, oil mentstores, chillies, confectionary,

pipes and other engineering materials made of metal, tiles

and other engineering and building materials made of

metal, chemicals and chemical products, seeds oil and

other kinds, flour, farina and starach, rice, grain, pulses

and cereal of all kinds, potatoes, garlic and vegetables,

glassware, cotton piece, gunny bags, jute and other jute

manufactures, sugar, gaggery and molaces, cigerattes,

tobacco and other smokers requisites, soap, soapnuts

and other toilet requisites, paints, colours, and other

painting materials, timber, scantiling and other wooden

ware, motor cars and cycles, salt, liquors and spirits.

matches. oil resins, gum lac, wax, rubber, metals and

metal sheets, coal~ musical and scientific instruments,

machinery, hurricane lanterns, old newspaper, electrical

goods, hides and skins, dyeing and tanning medicals,

livestock, transshipment cargo.

Water Transport Department 1943 – 44:

The total Port operations are stopped during second

world war period.

225

Defence war Department 1944 – 46:

The Second world-war continued during this period.

Hence, the Port activities are totally absent.

Bengal Nagpur Railway 1946 – 56:

Port Fund: The total receipts has been increased

from ` 32.71 to 65.84 crores and registered 150.07 %

increase during 1946-1956. Similarly the expenditure of

the Port has also reported increase from ` 33.31 to 65.84

crores and registered 97.66 % increase during this

period. There was a continuous deficit has been reported

under this head during 1946-1947 to 1950-51. After that

there is a continuous surplus is reported since 1951-52

to 1955-56.

Pilotage Fund: The total receipts had been increased

from ` 0.67 crores to 1.66 crores and registered an

increase of 147.76 % during 1946-47 to 1955-56. While

the expenditure has also been increased from ` 0.64 to

1.22 crores and registered an increase of 90.62 % during

this period. There was surplus funds reported since

1946-47 to 1955-56.

Exports: The total quantum of exports has been

increase from 538675 to 1094648 tonnes and registered

an increase of 103.21% during 1946-47 to 1955-56.


226

increased from 99909 to 228406 tonnes and registered

an increased of 128.61% during 1946-47 to 1955-56.

Commodity wise exports (1946 – 56): About 2

commodities like beedi leaves, bones and bone meal,

bunken cool, bunker oil, coir, coal, dry leaves, grains,

gunnies, iron and steel manufactured metal, jute and

hemp, transshipment cargo, myrabolams,

pharmaceuticals, military cargo defence, manganese ore

metal, oil cakes, oils other than petroleum, palyra firbre,

piece goods, seeds other than grains, timber, tobacco

including cigars and cigarettes.

Commodity wise imports: There are 16 commodities

like drugs, ebroacho extract, grains, gunnies, liquors,

machinery parts, metals other than iron and steel,

miscellaneous, motor vehicles, military cargo, oils other

than petroleum and lubricating material, petroleum,

paints, soap, timber, tiles and other building materials.

Ministry of Transport 1956 – 64:

Port Funds: The total receipts of port funds has

been increased from ` 96.54 to 216.95 crores and

registered an increase of about 124.76 %. Similarly, the

total expenditure has been increased from ` 79.28 to

192.54 crores and registered an increase of about 142.86

% during this period.

227

Pilotage Funds: The total receipts of the pilotage

funds has been increased from ` 1.78 to 3.09 crores and

registered an increase of about 73.59 %. While the total

expenditure has been increased from ` 1.87 to 2.09

crores and registered an increase of about 11.76 %

during this period.



an increase of about 67.90 % during this period.




Commodity wise exports: The items of export during

this period are bones & bone meal, bunker coal, coal and

coke, cotton, carpets, mattings, myrabolans, electrical

goods, groundnut and casher nut, hemp & hemp

products, hides & skins, jute raw, machineries other than

railway material, manure oil cake, mica, wires and nails,

other oils, iron ore, manganese ore and chrome ore,

petroleum products of heavy ends, provisions & oil men

stores, palmyra fibre, niger seed, other seed, spices,

sugar, tobacco, beedies, wool manufactured and wood in

the year 1956 – 57. Bones and bone meal, bunker coal

goods, coal and coke, cotton, carpet, coil and rope,

myrabolans, electrical goods, pulses, cashew nuts, hemp,

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hides & skins, jute, machineries, manure oil cake,

molasses, wires and nails, iron and steel, other oils, iron

ore, manganese ore, right distillaires, petroleum

products, heavy ends, niger seed, other seed, spices,

tobacco, wool manufactured, wood in the year 1957 – 58.

Bones and bone meal, bunker coal, coal and coke, carpet,

coil and rope, myrabolans, electrical goods, hemp, hides

& skins, jute, machineries, manure oil cake, manure

chemicals, molasses, iron and steel, other manufactures,

scrap, groundnuts, other oils, sugar, tobacco, and wood

in 1958 – 59. Bones and bone meal, bunker coal, coal

and coke, cotton, carpet, coil and rope, drugs and

medicines, myrabolans, electrical goods, hemp, hides &

skins, jute, machineries, manure oil cake, manure

chemical, pig iron, wires and nails, iron and steel, ore

manufactures, iron ore, manganese ore and chrome ore,

petroleum products, oil stores, niger seed, other seed,

spices, tobacco and wool in the year 1959 – 60; Bunker

coal, coal and coke, myrabolans, electrical goods, pulses

and grams, cashew nuts, tamarind, hemp and hemp

products, jute, machineries, manure oil cake, molasses,

mica, metals, iron ore, manganese ore, petroleum

products, provisions and oilmen stores defence, railway

material, mustard seed, niger seed and other seed,

tobacco, transshipment cargo, wines, spirits and liquors,

wool and wood, in the year 1960 – 61. Bones and bone

meal, bunker coal, myrabolans, electrical goods, wheat,

pulses and grams, hemp and hemp products, jute,

229

machineries, manure oil cake, molasses, mica, iron and

steel, iron ore, manganese ore and chrome core,

petroleum products, niger seed, other seed, ship building

material, tobacco, transshipment cargo, wines and spirits

and liquors, wool and wood in the year 1961 – 62; Bones

and bone meal, bunker coal, drugs, medicines and

pharmaceuticals, myrabolans, electrical goods, fish,

wheat, pulses and grams, hemp, jute, machineries,

manure oil cake, molasses, mica, metal other man ores,

other oils, iron ore, manganese ore, paper and paste

boards, petroleum products, railway material, niger seed,

other seed, spices, ship building material, tobacco,

transshipment cargo, wines and spirits and wood in the

year 1962 – 63. Bones and bone meal, bunker coal goods,

carpets, drugs and medicines and pharmaceuticals,

myrabolans, fish, hemp, jute, machineries, manure oil

cake, molasses, military stores, metals other than ores,

iron ore, manganese ore, petroleum products, railway

materials, niger seed, other seed, tobacco, transshipment

cargo, wool and wood in the year 1963 – 64.


such as building materials other than iron, steel, wood,

chemicals other than medical, coal and coke, cotton,

drugs and medicines, electrical goods and machinery,

food grains, glassware, jute and jute products, manure,

chemicals, metals and ores, paint and varnish, petroleum

products, provision and oilmen stores, rubber

230

manufactured, railway materials, stationery including

paper, ship building material, tobacco, wines spirits and

liquors, wood and timber, all other imports in 1956-1957;

there are 30 commodities such as building materials

other than iron, steel, wood, chemicals other than

medical, coal and coke, cotton, drugs and medicines,

electrical goods and machinery, food grains, glassware,

jute and jute products, manure, chemicals, metals and

ores, paint and varnish, petroleum products, provision

and oilmen stores, rubber manufactured, railway

materials, stationery including paper, ship building

material, tobacco, wines spirits and liquors, wood and

timber, all other imports in 1957-1958; there are 29

commodities such as building materials other than iron,

steel, wood, chemicals other than medical, coal and coke,

cotton, drugs and medicines, electrical goods and

machinery, food grains, glassware, jute and jute

products, manure, chemicals, metals and ores, paint and

varnish, petroleum products, provision and oilmen

stores, rubber manufactured, railway materials,

stationery including paper, ship building material,

tobacco, wines spirits and liquors, wood and timber, all

other imports in 1958-1959; there are 26 commodities






231


manufactured, railway materials, there are 28

















manufactured, railway materials, there are 24










232








manufactured, railway materials, stationery including

paper, ship building material, tobacco, wines spirits and

liquors, wood and timber, all other imports in 1961-1962;

there are 25 commodities such as building materials

other than iron, steel, wood, chemicals other than

medical, coal and coke, cotton, drugs and medicines,

electrical goods and machinery, food grains, glassware,

jute and jute products, manure, chemicals, metals and

ores, paint and varnish, petroleum products, provision

and oilmen stores, rubber manufactured, railway

materials, stationery including paper, ship building

material, tobacco, wines spirits and liquors, wood and

timber, all other imports in 1962-1963; there are 21









233


other imports in 1963-1964;

Port Trust 1964 – 74:

Port Funds: The total receipts of port funds has

been increased from ` 253.15 to 575.19 crores during

1964 – 65 to 1967 – 68 and registered an increase of

about 127.21 %. Similarly, the total expenditure has been

increased from ` 250.07 to 444.27 crores during 1964 –

65 to 1967 – 68 and registered an increase of about 77.65

% during this period.

Pilotage funds: The total receipts of the pilotage

funds has been increased from ` 3.33 to 5.89 crores

during 1964–65 to 1967–68 and registered an increase of

about 76.88 %. While the total expenditure has been

increased from ` 2.54 to 3.38 crores during 1964–65 to

1967–68 and registered an increase of about 33.07 %

during this period.


increased from 196298 to 3017034 tonnes and reported



increased from 1909579 to 2372174 tonnes and

registered an increase of about 24.22 % during this

period.

234

Commodity wise exports: About 47 commodities like

beedi leaves, bones and bone meal, bunken cool, bunker

oil, coir, coal, dry leaves, furniture, grains, gunnies, hides

and skins, iron and steel manufactured metal, jute and

hemp, transphipment, motor vehicles, machinery and

parts, medicines oil men stores, slates and slate pencils,

tomato juice, wild fruits, floating dock, cow tail hair,

launch, mill boards, mowa flower, nails, oil other than

grass fruits and vegetables, hemp and hemp products,

hides and skins, jute raw, jute manufactured,

machineries other than railway materials, manure oil

cake, metal other than ores, oils in 1965-1966; about 21

commodities like bones and bone meal, bunker coal,

cotton, drugs and medicines, pharmaceutical, electricity

goods, food grains and pulses, fodder and grass fruits

and vegetables, hemp and hemp products, hides and

skins, jute raw, jute manufactured, machineries other

than railway materials, manure oil cake, metal other than

ores, oils in 1966-1967; about 21 commodities like bones

and bone meal, bunker coal, cotton, drugs and

medicines, pharmaceutical, electricity goods, food grains

and pulses, fodder and grass fruits and vegetables, hemp

and hemp products, hides and skins, jute raw, jute

manufactured, machineries other than railway materials,

manure oil cake, metal other than ores, oils in 1967 –

1968; 21 commodities like bones and bone meal, bunker

coal, cotton, drugs and medicines, pharmaceutical,

electricity goods, food grains and pulses, fodder and grass

235

fruits and vegetables, hemp and hemp products, hides

and skins, jute raw, jute manufactured, machineries

other than railway materials, manure oil cake, metal

other than ores, oils in 1968-1969; about 21 commodities

like bones and bone meal, bunker coal, cotton, drugs and

medicines, pharmaceutical, electricity goods, food grains

and pulses, fodder and grass fruits and vegetables, hemp

and hemp products, hides and skins, jute raw, jute

manufactured, machineries other than railway materials,

manure oil cake, metal other than ores. oils in 1969-

1970; about 21 commodities like bones and bone meal,

bunker coal, cotton, drugs and medicines,

pharmaceutical, electricity goods, food grains and pulses,

fodder and grass fruits and vegetables, hemp and hemp

products, hides and skins, jute raw, jute manufactured,


cake, metal other than ores, oils in 1970-1971; 21



goods, food grains and pulses, fodder and grass fruits

and vegetables, hemp and hemp products, hides and

skins, jute raw, jute manufactured, machineries other

than railway materials, manure oil cake, metal other than

ores, oils in 1971-1972; 21 commodities like bones and

bone meal, bunker coal, cotton, drugs and medicines,

pharmaceutical, electricity goods, food grains and pulses,

fodder and grass fruits and vegetables, hemp and hemp

products, hides and skins, jute raw, jute manufactured,

236


cake, metal other than ores, oils in 1972-1973; about 21



goods, food grains and pulses, fodder an grass fruits and

vegetables, hemp and hemp products, hides and skins,

jute raw, jute manufactured, machineries other than

railway materials, manure oil cake, metal other than

ores, oils in 1973-1974 exported from Visakhapatnam

Port to various countries in the world.


such as building materials other than iron, chemicals,

electrical goods and machinery, fish wet, dry and salted

including canned and bottled, food grains, glass ware,

jute and jute products, other kinds, machineries, Iron

and steel, oils, railway materials like locomotives, other

kinds etc., in 1964-1965; there are 15 commodities such

as building materials other than iron, chemicals,





kinds etc., in 1965-1966; there are 15 commodities such





237


kinds etc., in 1966-1967; there ale 15 commodities such


electrical goods and materials, fish wet, dry and salted


jute and jute products, other kinds, machineries, iron

and steel, oils, railway mate4iasl like locomotives, other

kinds in 1966 – 1967; There are 15 commodities such as

building materials other than iron, chemicals, electrical

goods and machinery, fish wet, dry and salted including

canned and bottled, food grains, glass ware, jute and jute

products, other kinds, machineries, Iron and steel, oils,

railway materials like locomotives, other kinds etc., in

1967-1968; there are 4 commodities such as chemicals,

food grains, grass and fodder, jute and jute products in











1973-1974 imported from Visakhapatnam Port to various

countries in the world.

238

The above discussions indicates that there is a wide

transformation and shift exists increase in Pilotage and

Port funds in different historical periods. The number of

products exports and imports showing significant change

in various historical periods. The total products has been

showing increase from 13 to 18 products during Railway

Board period, 26 products to 29 products during

Commerce Department period, 25 to 36 products during

Bengal Nagpur Railway period, 32 products during

Ministry of Transport period while there is a decline the

number of products from 28 to 23 during Communication

Department period and from 34 to 13 products during

Port Trust period in respect of Exports. Similarly the

number of products has been increased from 23 to 30

products during Railway Board period, from 18 to 26

products during Bengal Nagpur Railway period, 29 to 30

products during Ministry of Transport period while

decline has been reported in number of products from 30

to 29 during Communication Department period. 25 to

11 products during Port Trust period and remain same

(32) products during Commerce Department period in

respect of Imports. Moreover there are changes has also

been reported in the commodity wise exports and imports

during different historical periods. Further, the dominant

share in Imports obtained by the products such as

tamarind, oilmenstores, chillies, confectionaries etc., floor

farina and starch agro, rice grains, pulse and cereals of

all kinds, cotton piece, cotton twist and other cotton

239

manufactures. Gunny bags and twist old news paper

particularly agro products and coal during Railway

Boards. Similarly, the dominant share of the products in

exports during commerce department are manganese ore,

oil cakes, ground nuts while manganese ore, oil cakes,

ground nuts and bunker coal in communication

department period and the products such as manganese

ore, bunker coal, coal mineral, myrabolans, tobacco

including cigar and cigarattes during Bengal Nagpur

Railway period. Moreover the products such as bunker

coal, myrabolans, molasses, iron ore, manganese ore,

petroleum products, railway materials and wood are

occupied major shares in the exports during Ministry of

Transport period while the products such as pig iron,

scrap, iron ore, manganese ore, chrome ore and other

ores sugar, transshipment cargo etc., occupied lion share

in the exports during Port Trust period. This trend

envisages that there is a shift from the agro products to

non-agro products over the period.

Regarding Imports, the products such as rice,

chemicals, coal, timber, old news papers, building

materials are occupied the dominant share in the imports

during Railway Board period the products such as

chemicals, rice, coal, musical instruments obtained major

shares in the imports during Commerce department and

the products such as chemicals, rice, sugar, others and

coal reported relatively higher shares in the imports

240

during communication department period. Similarly the

products such as Asphalt, Bitumen, barley, iron ore,

machinery parts, manure and petroleum products

occupied lion share in the imports during Bengal Nagpur

Railway period. While the products such as ammonium

sulphate, sulphar, other sorts, coal and coke, rice, wheat,

jute, manure, machinery, iron and steel, petroleum

products, ship building materials reported relatively

higher shares in the imports during the ministry of

transport and ammonium sulphate, sulphur other sorts,

wheat, ship building material, raw wool occupied

maximum shares in imports during Port Trust period.

This historical trend indicates that the chemical and

petroleum products shares are rapidly increased

particularly during the ministry of transport and Port

Trust periods. It may conclude that the Visakhapatnam

Port Trust activities are rapidly increased during Ministry

of Transport and Port Trust periods and stands number

one position among major Ports.

Visakhapatnam port is a frontline among the Indian

ports and as the top ranking port on the east coast of

India. The emergence of the port from a tiny port of 3

lakh tones capacity into multi-commodity large sized port

of 50 million capacity. The growth of the port as a rate of

more than 10 per cent per annum in terms of cargo,

through port during last seven decades. This port have

relatively higher output rate in case of almost every cargo

241

routed through the port. Further, the port inducting new

technologies in tune with the changing trends in the

maritime field, its progressive and enlightened managerial

practices, its utmost importance to the customers

particularly by pegging its tariff at economical rates and

its futuristic out look.

The port has established many national records and had

an excellent track record in productivity. In view of its efficient

cargo handling it is learn that ship owners offer concessional

freight rate to the tune of 4 dollars per tonne, Visakhapatnam

port is able to attract cargoes for the geographical hinterland

of neighbouring major ports. The port created lot fo

employment to the citizens and the Visakhapatnam town

development into a city.

conclusion - shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/14107/12/12_chapter 6.pdffloating...

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