computer builds and overclocking: lecture 5 power supplies and hard drives

Carnegie Mellon University

NFS: Computer Builds and Overclocking

Instructors:John Levidy and Alex Soto

Carnegie Mellon


Power Supplies◦ More important than you may think

◦ How to find the right fit

Hard Disk Drives◦ Basics

◦ Specifications

Today’s Lecture

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Like motherboards, come in different sizes

“ATX12V” is the standard for desktops

Micro ATX Micro PS3 Mini ITX EPS12V TFX12V …not too important

Form Factor

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What to look for in a power supply

First, a quick look at electricity (to put these specs in perspective)

Power Supply - Specs

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Not the most important spec, but a good starting point

Manufactures will try to sell this as the most important spec (analogous to Frequency on CPUs)

So what is most important??

Whattage?

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In the end, you only need a lot of power in certain components

You want a power supply that can power those components

Current!

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Reading Specs

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Each of these pins, can be matched to the spec sheet shown previously

Correlating Pins to Specs

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So how toconnect them?

Overview

Pins to components

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Overview

Pins to components

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Motherboard Connection:

Pins to components

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CPU Connector –

Used to be 4 pins,Now usually 8.

Pins to components

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Hard Drive Connectors (SATA Power)

Also for DVD Drives

Pins to components

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Graphics Cards (PCI Express Connectors)

Pins to components

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Unlike other PC components, Power supply build quality varies greatly, and dictates how long your components will last.

Select a brand name vs a cheap brand with “better” specs

Quality!

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Quality!

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Outdated,but good guideline:

Also, PSU calculators

How much do I need?

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PC Item Watts

Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) card 20 to 30W

Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) card 5W

small computer system interface (SCSI) PCI card 20 to 25W

floppy disk drive 5W

network interface card 4W

50X CD-ROM drive 10 to 25W

RAM 10W per 128M

5200 RPM Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) hard disk drive

5 to 11W

7200 RPM IDE hard disk drive 5 to 15W

Motherboard (without CPU or RAM) 20 to 30W

550 MHz Pentium III 30W

733 MHz Pentium III 23.5W

300 MHz Celeron 18W

600 MHz Athlon 45W

http://computer.howstuffworks.com/power-supply.htm/floppy-disk-drive.htm

http://computer.howstuffworks.com/power-supply.htm/ram.htm

http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/ide.htm

http://computer.howstuffworks.com/power-supply.htm/motherboard.htm

http://computer.howstuffworks.com/power-supply.htm/microprocessor.htm


Computer power supplies are generally about 70–75% efficient.[3] That means in order for a 75% efficient power supply to produce 75 W of DC output it would require 100 W of AC input and dissipate the remaining 25 W in heat. Higher-quality power supplies can be over 80% efficient; higher energy efficient PSU's waste less energy in heat, and requires less airflow to cool, and as a result will be quieter.

Also, efficiency!

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_supply_unit_(computer)#cite_note-2

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_conservation


Hard Drives, how do they work, what to look for

SSD, how do they work and what to look for

RAID

Disk Drives


Hard Drives


Capacity

Manufacturers

Interface

Hard Drive Specifications


RPM

Cache

Form Factor

Hard Drive Specifications


Solid State Drives


Not Electromechanical!

Use Microchips and microcontrollers, there are no moving parts.

Advantages: physical shock, noise, access time, latency, bandwidth.

Interface

Solid State Drives


Solid State Drives


Faster Start up Random Accesses Power Reliability Shock Temperatures Magnetic shock Weight Failures

More Advantages


Indilinx "Barefoot ECO" IDX110MO1 Indilinx "Barefoot" IDX110M00 Intel PC29AS21BA0 JMicron JMF602 JMicron JMF612 Marvel 88SS9174-BJP2 Samsung S3C29RBB01-YK40 SandForce SF-1200 SandForce SF-1500 Toshiba T6UG1XBG

Controllers


Capacity

Interface

IO Measurements

Shock Resistance

Latency

Specifications


Redundant array of inexpensive disks or redundant array of independent disks

Levels 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

RAID


Min Disks: 2 Space Efficiency: 1 Fault Tolerance: 0 Read: nX Write: nX

RAID 0


Min Disks: 2 Space Efficiency: 1/n Fault Tolerance: n-1 Read: nX Write: 1X

RAID 1


Min Disks: 3 Space Efficiency: 1 - 1/n – log(n-1) Fault Tolerance: 1 Read: Write:

RAID 2


Min Disks: 3 Space Efficiency: 1 - 1/n Fault Tolerance: 1 Read: Write:

RAID 3



RAID 4



RAID 5


RAID 6 Min Disks: 4 Space Efficiency: 1 - 2/n Fault Tolerance: 2 Read: Write:


RAID 0+1: striped sets in a mirrored set ( minimum four disks; even number of disks) provides fault tolerance and improved performance but increases complexity.

RAID 1+0: mirrored sets in a striped set (minimum two disks but more commonly four disks to take advantage of speed benefits; even number of disks) provides fault tolerance and improved performance but increases complexity.

Hybrid Arrays


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=96dWOEa4Djs

lol

VIDEO !

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=96dWOEa4Djs


Don’t do it

Unless you have a preposterous amount of drives in a single array and neither your motherboard (and intel chipset) does not natively support it.

RAID Controllers

computer builds and overclocking: lecture 5 power supplies and hard drives

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