compressio n ignition
TRANSCRIPT
-
7/26/2019 Compressio n Ignition
1/29
06/05/2009 prof Sanjay Harip 2009 1
Homogeneous Charge CompressionIgnition (HCCI) Engine-Need for Society
ByProf. Sanjay Harip
Government Polytechnic,Nasik, India
June, 16th,2009
-
7/26/2019 Compressio n Ignition
2/29
06/05/2009 prof Sanjay Harip 2009 2
Agenda- Necessity
Vehicle Pollution Norms What is new in HCCI Engine?
Methodology and Experiments
Results Main Challenges
Conclusion
-
7/26/2019 Compressio n Ignition
3/29
06/05/2009 prof Sanjay Harip 2009 3
Carbon monoxide(CO)
Air Pollutants
Ozone( NOx)
Particles (PM)
(NOx, SOx, )
Toxics- Diesel particles
Greenhouse
Gases- CO2, methane
Diesel Engines Contribute to Multiple
-
7/26/2019 Compressio n Ignition
4/29
06/05/2009 prof Sanjay Harip 2009 4
Annual Health Impacts of
Diesel Emissions in the world
2,900 premature deaths240,000 asthma attacks/
respiratory symptoms
600,000 lost work days
Source- WHO report 2007
-
7/26/2019 Compressio n Ignition
5/29
06/05/2009 prof Sanjay Harip 2009 5
Diesels Account for Nearly
Half of NOx Emissions
Passenger vehicles - 26%
Diesel trucks - 24%
Diesel equipment - 16%
Industrial - 21%
Off roadequipment - 2%
Area wide - 2%
Trains- - 9%
-
7/26/2019 Compressio n Ignition
6/29
1970 1980 2000 2005 2010 2012
100
80
60
40
20
Emission %
Green houseEffect, Co2/NOX
Energy
Exhaust Emission HC, CO, NOx, PM
Diesel HDT
PM, NOx
Need for Emission Reduction
Emission reduction and legislation focus Energy resources andreduction of CO2will gain importance
DieselHC+NOx, CO
-
7/26/2019 Compressio n Ignition
7/29
06/05/2009 prof Sanjay Harip 2009 7
To Meet Following Demands
of the Society
Reduction in exhaust emission
To achieve EURO5 norms by 2010 Higher Thermal efficiency
Energy Economy
-
7/26/2019 Compressio n Ignition
8/29
06/05/2009 prof Sanjay Harip 2009 8
Emission Legislation
0.010.250.30.050.501-2010
Euro5
0.0250.250.3000.10.501-2007
Euro 4
0.050.50.560.10.6401-2005
Euro3
0,08-0.7-101-2000
Euro2
0.14-0.97-2.7307-1996
Euro1
Diesel
PMGm/Km
NOxGm/Km
HC+NOxGm/KM
HCGm/Km
COGm/KM
DateTier
-
7/26/2019 Compressio n Ignition
9/29
06/05/2009 prof Sanjay Harip 2009 9
Exhaust Gas
Aftertreatment
POWER PLANT
MANAGEMENT
Demands Additional Needs
Engine,Transmissionand specify
Legislation
Emissions
CO2/NOX
Customer Demands
Driving Pleasure /
AgilityConsumption
Comfort ProcessImprovement
( HCCI)Recomanded by SAE
-
7/26/2019 Compressio n Ignition
10/29
06/05/2009 prof Sanjay Harip 2009 10
so
HOMOGENOUS CHARGECOMPRESSION IGNITIONENGINE
IS
THE EFFECTIVE WAYTO MEET
THESE REQUIREMENTS
-
7/26/2019 Compressio n Ignition
11/29
Technologies to Make Diesel Cleaner
FuelInjection
Equipme
nt
Air & EGR Management
Exhaus t
Aftertreatm
ent
Control System
5
PM
4
NOx
3
AF
2
Tbr
1
n
Pex
ntc
Tex
VGTvane
Ttout
Trqt
mtdot
VGTurbine
Trqc
Trqt
ntc
Turbine Inertia
Scope4
Scope3
Scope2
Scope 1
Scop e
Product2
Prod uct1
Product
Bulk Temp.
Cyl. Press.
fair
eng ine speed
modot
mf
NOx
PM
NOxand Particulate
1
u
Math
Function
m cdot
Tcout
Ticout
Intercooler
n
m egrdot
m cdot
megrairdot
Ticout
Tegr
m odot
Pim
mim
mimair
fair
Tim
Intake Manifold
1/20
Gain
m odot
mtdot
m egrdot
av . ex . t em p
mfdot
n
fair
mem
Pex
Tex
Twall
mexdot
memair
ExhaustManifold
Ti
Tfr
Tload
n
Tbr
Engine Inertia
megrdot
EGRcoolin
EGRcoolout
EGRcooler
mem
EGRvalve
P egrd
P egru
Tegr
memair
megrairdot
megrdildot
megrdot
EGR
814.1
Display9
405 .2
Display8
0.5 45
Display7
405.2
Display6
9.213e+004
Display5
3.5 67e+0 05
Display4
3.426e+005
Display3
0.0 14
Display12
815
Displa y1 1
0
Display1018 80
Display
n
mf1
mf2
mf3
mf4
mf5
mf6
Pim
Pex
Tim
V1P1
Wcyc1T1Ti1V2P2
Wcyc2T2Ti2V3P3
Wcyc3T3Ti3V4P4
Wcyc4T4Ti4V5P5
Wcyc5T5Ti5V6P6
Wcyc6T6Ti6
instantaneou s tq.av. ind. tq.
av . ex .t em p.av. frictiontq.
Cyl-by-cylcom bustion
Pim
ntc
mcdot1
Trqc
Tcout
Compressor
4
Engine Lo ad
3
EGRvalve
2
VGTvane
1
mf
Advanced Combustion System
Courtesy of AVL
-
7/26/2019 Compressio n Ignition
12/29
06/05/2009 prof Sanjay Harip 2009 12
Why HCCI Engine ? High efficiency and ultra low emission w.r.t
conventional Diesel engine.
To achieve near zero NOx and soot emissionto achieve latest Euro Norms ( E5)
To reduce fuel consumption, greenhouse gasemission.
(Law of Diesel HCCI Every one percent increase of diesel HCCI car saves90 million liters of fuel per year. This corresponds to emission saving ofsome 210000 metric tones of Co2 )
-
7/26/2019 Compressio n Ignition
13/29
06/05/2009 prof Sanjay Harip 2009 13
What Is HCCI?
HCCI is a combustion process. HCCI is not an engine
concept. HCCI must be incorporated in an engine
concept.
HCCI is a low temperature chemically control led
(flameless) combustion process.
HCCI can be considered as a hybrid form between the
diesel and Otto combustion process.
However combustion process is different. So there is
neither Diffusion flame (as in a diesel engine) nor a
flame front traveling through a premixed charge ( as in
SI engine).
-
7/26/2019 Compressio n Ignition
14/29
06/05/2009 prof Sanjay Harip 2009 14
-
7/26/2019 Compressio n Ignition
15/29
06/05/2009 prof Sanjay Harip 2009 15
HISTORY OF HCCI
1979 Onishi et al who discovered HCCIand adopted in ATAC (Active Thermo
Atmosphere Combustion) Engine. 1989- Experiments were made at Lund
University on 4- stroke diesel engine andEGR concept were discovered to reduceNOx.
After KYOTO Protocol (Dec-1997), it wasdecided that to pay attention towardsdiesel vehicles to reduce green house gasand NOx. ( Co2 up to 180 ppm)
-
7/26/2019 Compressio n Ignition
16/29
06/05/2009 prof Sanjay Harip 2009 16
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF
HCCI Homogenous charge is drawn in to the cylinder during suction
and compress to high enough temperature to achieve
spontaneous ignition of the charge.
As shown in the images by the camera( 20 images per CAD) itcan be seen that.
1. Combustion starts in almost whole volume of C.C Two degree
before TDC (CAD- 02).
2. After Combustion ini tiation the temperature rapid ly increases
and whole fuel burn simultaneously ( CAD0 to CAD +03).
As whole mixture burns simultaneously and no flamepropagation , combustion temp. can be control led less than
700 deg Centigrade and thus NOx formation is avoided.
-
7/26/2019 Compressio n Ignition
17/29
06/05/2009 prof Sanjay Harip 2009 17
PHOTO SEQUENCE OF HCCI
COMBUSTION, BASED ON
20 FP CAD CAMERA
-
7/26/2019 Compressio n Ignition
18/29
06/05/2009 prof Sanjay Harip 2009 18
Control of Combustion
Variable Compression Ratio (VCR)
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ( EGR) Injection Strategy
Combination of all
-
7/26/2019 Compressio n Ignition
19/29
06/05/2009 prof Sanjay Harip 2009 19
VCR Engine technology
Courtesy - MCE corporation, France
-
7/26/2019 Compressio n Ignition
20/29
06/05/2009 prof Sanjay Harip 2009 20
Exhaust Gas Recirculation Three important factors can be
increases ignition delay
lowers combustion temperature Dilution of Intake charge
It has been proved to be an effective way toreduce NOx
30 to 35% reduction in Nox by using 5 to20% EGR
-
7/26/2019 Compressio n Ignition
21/29
06/05/2009 prof Sanjay Harip 2009 21
Injection Strategy
-
7/26/2019 Compressio n Ignition
22/29
06/05/2009 prof Sanjay Harip 2009 22
BSFC [ GM/(kWH) ]
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
NOx[GM/(k
WH)]
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
DI-DIESEL
HCCI - 0% EGR
HCCI - 10% EGR
HCCI - 20% EGR
HCCI - 30% EGR
HCCI - 40% EGR
Experimental Result of HCCI Engine
-
7/26/2019 Compressio n Ignition
23/29
Experimental Setup At GovernmentPolytechnic Ahmednagar
by changing injection strategy
-
7/26/2019 Compressio n Ignition
24/29
80ccDisplacement
Direct Injection
DieselFuel
17CompressionRatio
92.3 mmStroke
81 mmBore
KirloskarMake
Four Cylinder Conventional DI Dieselengine converted in HCCI engine onTest Bed
-
7/26/2019 Compressio n Ignition
25/29
06/05/2009 prof Sanjay Harip 2009 25
The main Challenges with Making
HCCI Practically
Effective Control System forignition timing .
To achieve practically VariableCompression ratio.
Injection strategy w.r.t load
condition .
-
7/26/2019 Compressio n Ignition
26/29
Future scenario
Conventional (MPI)
Market
Share(%)
100
80
60
40
20
IDI
Internal
Combustion Enginestarter / battery
Model Year 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Year 2020
Hybrid
Fuel Cell
Future Share of: Engines (Passenger Cars) Fuels
Oil based
fuels
Improved fuels
Clean fuels
Designed fuels
Gas based fuels
CNG
GTL fuels
Bio-fuels
Hydrogen
GASOLINE
DIESEL
Gasoline/DieselEngine
with Starter/Generator
+ supercharging
DI-Diesel Starter/generator
and VVA /
multiple
injection?
w/o HCCI
with CAI
+ supercharging
+ Starter/generator
DI-Gasoline and VVA ?
and/or VCR ?
and combinations
w/o CAI
With HCCI
-
7/26/2019 Compressio n Ignition
27/29
06/05/2009 prof Sanjay Harip 2009 27
Conclusion HCCI engines are more efficient than SI and
CI engines.
Lower emission of PM and NOx to meetfuture norms (Euro 5 Norms ).
It has fuel flexibility.
HCCI engines will be cheaper than the
presently used engines because of simplicity.But
Control on Ignition timing is essential.
-
7/26/2019 Compressio n Ignition
28/29
06/05/2009 prof Sanjay Harip 2009 28
References Andr RAULT, General Secretary, Mid and Long
Term Power trains Evolution, Presentation in
EUCAR, 2002 Physics-based Modeling and Control of
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition(HCCI) Engines, G.M.Shavar, DDL, Departmentof Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University
2005. Variable Compression Ratio( Technology
2008-2012, MCE5, France
-
7/26/2019 Compressio n Ignition
29/29
06/05/2009 prof Sanjay Harip 2009 29
Thank you