comprehensive carbon footprint analysis of the value ...comprehensive carbon footprint analysis of...

Comprehensive carbon footprint analysis of the value chains

of forest industry

SHOK Summit 20.4.2010

Jari Hynynen


Objectives

� to look for new value chains for forest industry, which

� are based on domestic wood supply

� increase the quantity and improve quality of raw material in a sustainable manner

� increase the value of end product

� improve the cost-efficiency of activities and processes

� are environmental-friendly and resource-efficient

� to develop comprehensive methods to analyze

� consumption of resources and energy

� carbon footprint

of the whole value chain


� Forestcluster's research program: "Intelligent,

resource-efficient production techologies" (EffTech)

� "New value chains"-project

� Joint effort of Metla and VTT

� Metla: expertise in forests and wood supply chain

(resources, management, carbon sequestration)

� VTT: expertise in sustainability assessment (life cycle

analysis, carbon footprint, eco and energy efficiency,

sustainability )

� Active participation of Forestcluster's industrial

partners throughout the project

� steering group

� expert group

Carbon footprint of the value chains- implementation of the analysis

VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND


CO2 from wood fibre

INCINERATION WASTE DISPOSAL

Wood fibre Other raw

materialsEnergy

Emissions and

Solid waste

PAPER TO THE CUSTOMER

PRINTING AND

CONVERTING

PAPER RECYCLING

RAW

MATERIALS’

PRODUCTION

PAPER AND BOARD

MANUFACTURING

RECOVERED PAPER

USE

What is a life cycle?



Carbon footprint

Amount of green house gases produced

along product’s life cycle

• Includes fossil greenhouse gas emissions (e.g. CO2 and CH4)

• Results are reported as carbon dioxide equivalents

• Can be calculated for products or companies


Carbon footprint of wood supply

1.Emissions

� Silvicultural practices

� regenation

� precommercialthinnings

� Harvesting

� Forwarding

� Biomass recovery

� Secondary haulage

photos: Arto Rummukainen & Pentti Niemistö/Metla


Carbon footprint of wood supply

2.Carbon sequestration

Managed stand

Unmanaged standphotos: Erkki Oksanen/Metla



Integrated TMP-SC mill

Energy for pulp andpaper mill

Energy for chemicals

Production of chemicalsand fillers

Pine supply

Energy wood supply

Spruce supply

Chemicals and f illers

Energy f or chemicals

Energy f or p&p mill

Pine supply

Pulp and paper manuf acturing

Spruce supply

Transport

Carbon footprint of a pulp and paper mill


User-defined input

Analysis

Economical

parameters- wood prices

- unit costs

Timber assortment

criteria

Logging

parameters- logging method

- time and energy

consumption

MOTTI-system

Management

options

Prediction of dynamicsand biomass production

of forest stands

Regeneration - Growth - Mortality

Stand simulation

Output of the results

Quality

- wood & biomass

Biodiversity

Carbon

- sequestration

- footprintEconomics

- cost efficciency

- profitability

Yield

- stemwoodby assortments

- biomass by

compartments



KCL-ECO Software in LCA-calculationsUnit processes of SC-paper life cycle: cradle to gate -approach


Case study: Value chain of paper industry utilizing

domestic spruce as raw material

� alternative wood supply scenarios calculated for a

hypothetical uniform forest area located in southern

Finland

� consists of even-aged pure spruce stands

� even age-class distribution of forest stands

= > constant annual harvested removals of wood and biomass

photo: Erkki Oksanen/Metla


First case of wood product/process chain

Alternative wood supply chains from spruce stands in Southern Finland

Traditional

management•planting

•precommercial &

commercial thinnings

Extensive

management• unmanaged

Short-

rotation

pulpwood

production•planting

•no commercial

thinnings

PulpwoodSaw timber Energy wood

Wood production scenario y

Energy wood Pulpwood

TMP

SCKrafty%

SEC y MWh/t

Paper quality

Energy

Wood production scenario x

Energy wood Sawmill

Sawmill chips

TMP

SCKraft

SEC x MWh/t

x%Paper quality

Energy

Pulp and paper industry

Mechanical forest

industry

Energy production

Process x Process y

Man

ag

em

en

t str

ate

gy

Typ

eo

f ra

wm

ate

rial

Ind

us

tria

lp

roce

sses

Management adjusted

to climate change•combined wood and biomass

production


0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

Traditional

management

Short rotation

management

Climate

change

adjusted

management

Extensive

management

Natural mortality

Energy wood

Pulpwood

Saw timber

Yield, m³ ha-1

An example of the analysis results

Mean annual wood production


0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

Traditional

management

Short rotation

management

Climate

change

adjusted

management

Extensive

management

Carbon is Stocking

Carbon, 10³ kg ha-1


Mean annual carbon accumulation in growing biomass


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Traditional

management

Short rotation

management

Climate change

adjusted

management

Extensive

management

Silvicultural practices

Harvesting of biomass

Logging

Secondary haulage

kg CO2 eq ha-1

year-

1


Mean annual CO2 emissions from management operations



Life cycle results for SC paper: cradle to gate

CO2 eq. = CO2 fossil + 25*CH4 + 298*N2O


Conclusions

� we developed a comprehensive and flexible method for carbon footprint analysis

� demonstrated the impact of different activities within the value chains on the carbon footprint

� we created a network and new operations model

for smooth co-operation

� work continues in the 2nd stage of EffTech

program: upscaling the analysis to national level


Thank You!

...and to the research team:

Katri Behm VTT

Laura Sokka VTT

Helena Wessman VTT

Anssi Ahtikoski Metla

Mika Lehtonen Metla

Risto Ojansuu Metla

Arto Rummukainen Metla

Hannu Salminen Metla

Jouni Siipilehto Metla

photo: Erkki Oksanen/Metla

comprehensive carbon footprint analysis of the value ...comprehensive carbon footprint analysis of...

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