comprehensive annual district plan, kalahandi, 2012 …nrcddp.org/resources_data/dis100086.pdf ·...

COMPREHENSIVE ANNUAL DISTRICT PLAN, KALAHANDI, 2012-2013

Submitted to P & C Department, Government of Odisha 1

Contents

Foreword .................................................................................................................................. 10

Section I: ................................................................................................................................... 11

Chapter I: District Background and Profile ................................................................................ 11

1.1 Historical Perspective: ............................................................................................... 11

1.2 Geographic Location: ................................................................................................. 11

1.3 Administrative set-up: ................................................................................................ 12

1.4 District Demography: ................................................................................................. 12

1.5 District Development Indicators: ................................................................................ 13

1.6 Agro-Climatic: ........................................................................................................... 14

1.7 Land and Soil:............................................................................................................ 15

1.8 River System: ............................................................................................................ 16

Chapter II: SWOT Analysis ....................................................................................................... 18

2.1 Background: .............................................................................................................. 18

2.2 Agriculture: ............................................................................................................... 18

2.2.1 Plan Proposition: ................................................................................................ 19

2.3 Horticulture: .............................................................................................................. 19


2.4 Animal Husbandry: .................................................................................................... 21


2.5 Fishery:...................................................................................................................... 22


2.6 Rural Development: ................................................................................................... 23


2.7 Irrigation:................................................................................................................... 25


2.8 Energy: ...................................................................................................................... 26




2.9 SWOT of Other Sectors: ............................................................................................ 27

2.10 SWOT of Community Blocks: ................................................................................... 30

Chapter III: District Vision: 2020 .............................................................................................. 35

3.1 Introduction and Background: .................................................................................... 35

3.2 Broad District Vision: ................................................................................................ 35

3.3 The vision for the district: .......................................................................................... 36

3.4 Conclusion: ................................................................................................................ 42

Chapter IV: District Resource Envelop ...................................................................................... 45

4.1 Resource Envelop: ..................................................................................................... 45

4.2 Resource Availability & Requirements: ..................................................................... 46

4.3 Resource Support from Credit Rout [PLP]: ................................................................ 46

Chapter V: Resource Envelop for Blocks & GPs ....................................................................... 50

Chapter VI: Sectoral District Plans/Schemes [Ongoing & New] ................................................ 51

6.1 Agriculture ................................................................................................................ 52

6.1.1 Existing Situation: .............................................................................................. 52

6.1.2 Sector Goal & Perspective: ................................................................................. 54

6.1.3 Development Schemes: ...................................................................................... 55

6.1.4 Annual Plan Outlay: ........................................................................................... 56

6.2 Horticulture: .............................................................................................................. 58


6.2.2 Sector Goal & Perspective: ................................................................................. 59

6.2.3 Schemes: ............................................................................................................ 63


6.3 Soil Conservation and Watershed: .............................................................................. 67


6.3.2 Sector Goal and Perspective: .............................................................................. 67

6.3.3 Schemes: ............................................................................................................ 67




6.4 Animal Husbandry: .................................................................................................... 68


6.4.2 Objective and Perspective: ................................................................................. 70

6.4.3 Schemes: ............................................................................................................ 70

6.4.4 Annual Plan Outlay: .......................................................................................... 71

6.5 Fishery:...................................................................................................................... 72



6.5.3 Schemes: ............................................................................................................ 73


6.6 Rural Development: ................................................................................................... 74



6.6.3 Schemes: ............................................................................................................ 75


6.7 Irrigation & Flood Control: ........................................................................................ 76


6.7.2 Objective: .......................................................................................................... 77

6.7.3 Schemes: ............................................................................................................ 78


6.8 Energy: ...................................................................................................................... 79

6.8.1 Existing Situation/ Present Status: ...................................................................... 79

6.8.2 Objective & Perspective: .................................................................................... 80

6.8.3 Schemes: ............................................................................................................ 80


6.9 Industry and Mining: .................................................................................................. 81

6.9.1 Existing Situation ............................................................................................... 81


6.9.3 Schemes: ............................................................................................................ 87




6.10 Transport [Roads and Buildings]: ............................................................................... 89

6.10.1 Existing Situation and Present Status: ................................................................. 89


6.10.3 Schemes under Implementation: ......................................................................... 91

6.10.4 Annual Plan, Urban Road: .................................................................................. 92

6.11 Forest: ....................................................................................................................... 92

6.11.1 Existing Situation/ Present Status: ..................................................................... 92


6.11.3 Schemes: ............................................................................................................ 95

6.11.4 Annual Plan Outlay: .......................................................................................... 98

6.12 Science & Technology: ............................................................................................ 101

6.13 Social Services:........................................................................................................ 102

6.13.1 Education: ........................................................................................................ 102

6.13.2 Health: ............................................................................................................. 109

6.14 Rural Water Supply & Sanitation: ............................................................................ 127

6.14.1 Existing Situation/Present Status: ..................................................................... 127

6.14.2 Objective & Perspective: .................................................................................. 128

6.14.3 Schemes under Implementation: ....................................................................... 129

6.14.4 Annual Plan Outlay: ......................................................................................... 130

6.15 Urban Development: ................................................................................................ 130

6.15.1 Existing Situation/Present Status: ..................................................................... 130


6.15.3 Schemes under Implementation ........................................................................ 131


6.16 SC/ST Welfare:........................................................................................................ 132

6.16.1 Existing Situation and Current status: ............................................................... 132

6.16.2 Objective and Perspective: ............................................................................... 134

6.16.3 Schemes: .......................................................................................................... 134

6.17 Social welfare: ......................................................................................................... 136

6.17.1 Existing Situation: ............................................................................................ 136




6.17.3 Schemes: .......................................................................................................... 136


6.18 Externally Aided Project-OTELP: ............................................................................ 139

6.18.1 Orissa Tribal Empowerment & Livelihoods Programme: .................................. 139

6.19 MGNREGA: ............................................................................................................ 140

Chapter VII: Tribal Sub-plan [TSP] ......................................................................................... 141

7.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 141

7.2 Objective of TSP: .................................................................................................... 141

7.3 Approach & Strategy: .............................................................................................. 142

7.4 Annual Plan Outlay: ................................................................................................ 142

Chapter VIII: Schedule Caste Sub-Plan ................................................................................... 144

8.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 144

8.2 Objective & Perspective: .......................................................................................... 144

8.3 Plan Approach & Strategy: ....................................................................................... 144

8.4 Annual Plan Outlay: ................................................................................................. 145

Chapter IX: Backward Region Grant Fund [BRGF]: ................................................................ 147

9.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 147

9.2 BRGF Annual Plan: ................................................................................................. 148

Chapter X: Gender Sub-Plan: .................................................................................................. 150

10.1 Introduction: ............................................................................................................ 150

10.2 Objective & Perspective: .......................................................................................... 151

10.3 Gender Development Initiatives: .............................................................................. 152

10.4 Annual Plan Outlay: ................................................................................................. 152

Chapter XI: Convergence Plan ................................................................................................ 155

Chapter XII: Plan Performance of Previous Year ..................................................................... 164

Annexure I: District Planning Process ..................................................................................... 168

A. Introduction: ............................................................................................................ 168



B. Planning Objectives: ................................................................................................ 168

C. Approach to District Planning: ................................................................................. 168

D. District Planning Process: ........................................................................................ 169

D1. Preparation of Structured Planning Formats:......................................................... 169

D2. District Consultative Meeting: .............................................................................. 169

D3. Composing Planning Team .................................................................................. 170

D4. Collection of Basic Data for Planning: .................................................................. 171

D5. Data Analysis and Plan Preparation: ..................................................................... 171

D6. Plan Discussion in the DPC: ................................................................................. 172

E. Outcome of the Planning Process ............................................................................. 172



List of Tables

Table 1: District Administrative Set-up ..................................................................................... 12

Table 2: District Demography ................................................................................................... 12

Table 3: District Development Indicators................................................................................... 13

Table 4: Climatic & Agro-Ecological Situation ......................................................................... 14

Table 5: Temperature and Humidity .......................................................................................... 15

Table 6: Existing Status of the District in Different Sectors ....................................................... 16

Table 7: SWOT of Other Sectors ............................................................................................... 27

Table 8: SWOT Analysis by block of Kalahandi ........................................................................ 30

Table 9: Perspective for the Plan Period in Selected Sectors ...................................................... 43

Table 10: Resource Envelop for 2012-13 ................................................................................... 45

Table 11: Resource Availability and Requirement by diffrent Sectors (Rs. In Lakh) .................. 46

Table 12: Credit / Fund Allocation in Farm & Non-Farm Sector ................................................ 49

Table 13: Resource Envelop of Blocks ...................................................................................... 50

Table 14: Annual Plan Outlay ................................................................................................... 51

Table 15: Perspective Plan-12th Plan Period ............................................................................... 55

Table 16: Annual Plan Outlay: Agriculture ................................................................................ 56

Table 17: Annual Plan Outlay for Cooperatives ......................................................................... 57

Table 18: List of Nurseries ........................................................................................................ 58

Table 19: Medicinal Plants in Different Blocks of the District ................................................... 59

Table 20: Perspective for Horticulture in 12th Plan Period .......................................................... 61

Table 21: Annual Physical Plan & Financial Outlay .................................................................. 64


Table 23: District Livestock Status ............................................................................................ 68

Table 24: Production of Meat, Milk & Egg in the District .......................................................... 68

Table 25: Infrastructure for Animal Resource Development ....................................................... 69

Table 26: Institutional Facilities in the District .......................................................................... 69

Table 27: Perspective Plan for Animal Husbandry ..................................................................... 70

Table 28: Proposed Annual Plan Outlay .................................................................................... 71

Table 29: Annual Fish Production ............................................................................................. 72

Table 30: Fish Seed Production in the District ........................................................................... 73

Table 31: Proposed Annual Outlay ............................................................................................ 74

Table 32: Proposed Annual Outlay ............................................................................................ 76

Table 33: Status of District Irrigation ......................................................................................... 77


Table 35: Annual Physical Plan ................................................................................................. 78


Table 37: Status of Electrification in Kalahandi ......................................................................... 79

Table 38: Financial Outlay-Conventional Energy ...................................................................... 81

Table 39: Financial Outlay for Renewable Energy ..................................................................... 81

Table 40: Handloom Infrastructure in the District ...................................................................... 82



Table 41: Growth Trend of Handloom Sector in the District ...................................................... 83

Table 42: Overall Perspective in Textile & Handloom ............................................................... 83

Table 43: Status of Sericulture in Kalahandi .............................................................................. 85

Table 44: Proposed Plan, Sericulture ......................................................................................... 86

Table 45: Growth Perspective in Sericulture .............................................................................. 86

Table 46: Proposed Plan, Handicraft .......................................................................................... 87

Table 47: Annual Plan [Physical] .............................................................................................. 88

Table 48: Physical & Financial Plan in Textile & Handloom ..................................................... 88


Table 50: Road Types & its Length ........................................................................................... 89

Table 51: State Highways in Kalahandi ..................................................................................... 90


Table 53: Different NTFPs & Pockets of Availability ................................................................ 92

Table 54: Forest of North & South Divisions ............................................................................. 93

Table 55: Revenue Forest Area in Different Forest Ranges ........................................................ 93

Table 56: Physical Plan ............................................................................................................. 94

Table 57: Proposed Annual Plan ................................................................................................ 94

Table 58: Proposed Annual Physical Plan .................................................................................. 98

Table 59: Proposed Plan Outlay: North Forest Division ............................................................. 99

Table 60: Schemes & Annual Target ......................................................................................... 99

Table 61: Physical & Financial Plan: North Forest Division....................................................... 99

Table 62: Physical & Financial Plan: North Forest Division..................................................... 100

Table 63: Physical & Financial Plan: South Forest Division .................................................... 100

Table 64: Physical & Financial Plan: South Forest Division .................................................... 100

Table 65: Literacy Rate by Sex in Different Blocks ................................................................. 102

Table 66: Rural & Urban Area wise Types of Schools ............................................................. 103

Table 67: Proposed Activities .................................................................................................. 105

Table 68: Proposed Perspective & Annual Plan ....................................................................... 106

Table 69: Proposed Annual Plan Outlay .................................................................................. 108

Table 70: Health Infrastructure Facilities in the District ........................................................... 109

Table 71: District Health Indicators ......................................................................................... 110

Table 72: Proposed Annual Plan Outlay .................................................................................. 114

Table 73: Status of Individual Toilet under TSC ...................................................................... 127

Table 74: Achievement Trends in Toilet Facility ..................................................................... 128

Table 75: Perspective for 12th Plan Period ............................................................................... 129

Table 76: Proposed Annual Outlay .......................................................................................... 130

Table 77: Annual Plan for Urban Development ...................................................................... 132

Table 78: SC & ST Population by Block and Sex .................................................................... 133

Table 79: Tribal Developmenet Projects in Kalahandi ............................................................. 134

Table 80: Aids to Physically Challenged ................................................................................. 137

Table 81: SHGs promoted under Mission SHAKTI ................................................................. 138

Table 82: Annual Plan Outlay ................................................................................................. 139



Table 85: BRGF Outlay by Sectors.......................................................................................... 148



Table 86: Population of the District: 1901 - 2008 ..................................................................... 150

Table 87: The Work Participation Rate for Kalahandi: 1999-2000 to 2007-08 .......................... 151

Table 88: Gender Disparities in Literacy ................................................................................. 151


Table 90: Expected Areas of Convergence of Different Schemes ............................................. 155

Table 91: Areas of Convergence of Different Missions-HH & Community .............................. 158

Table 92: Expected Areas of Convergence of Different Schemes ............................................. 159

Table 93: Plan Performance of Previous Year .......................................................................... 164

Table 94: Consultative Meetings and Workshops..................................................................... 169

Table 95: Professionals Associated with District Planning ....................................................... 171



Foreword

Every district needs a vision which captures people’s aspirations and motivates all segments of

the society to put their united effort to move in the desired direction. It is an essential step to bring

in consensus on broad development strategies among all the players and sectors. It helps to

identify potential risks and their possible solutions in order to mobilise efforts in a focussed

manner. To meet the overall development objectives, the vision required to be adopted and

accordingly operated at different levels.

In order to address the district issues in a sustained manner, the Planning and Coordination

Department, Government of Orissa along with the District Administration, Kalahandi took the

initiative to formulate the district Perspective Plan for the 12th plan period and Annual plan for

2012-13. The perspective and annual plan are to be in line with the development aspiration of the

people of the district and contributing in realisation of the vision. This initiative of the

government is supported by CTRAN Consulting in facilitating the planning process with the

involvement of District Administration and coordination by the District Planning and Monitoring

Unit [DPMU]. In the process of facilitation of planning process, utmost care was taken to involve

different stakeholders from GP to ZP level and all line departments of Government. The manual

for Decentralised Planning, prescribed by the Planning Commission, Government of India was

adhered to.

The district vision was again revisited and five year perspective and monitorable targets were

framed in line with the district vision. In the process of planning facilitation, consultation

meetings were organised with various stakeholders from time to time at the district, block and GP

level to capture the key requirements of the area and people. The identified development

requirements were prioritised by GP and PS to match the needs and resources and phasing of the

plans. All the GP plans, framed and approved in the Gram Sabha were consolidated at the block

level and further at the district level to finalise the plan taking along with the departmental plans.

Different new schemes, in relevant areas of development were thought of to implement in the

plan period to achieve the sector growth. Key areas of convergence were identified and also

planned. Apart from that gender sub-plan and SC and ST sub-plans were also prepared based on

the available resources.

CTRAN Consulting

Technical Support Institution [TSI]



Section I:

Chapter I: District Background and Profile

1.1 Historical Perspective:

The district of Kalahandi was known as

Mahakantara (Great Forest) in ancient India.

It is also known as Karunda Mandal, which

means treasure of precious stones like

Karandam (Manik), Garnet (red stone),

Beruz, Neelam (blue stone), and Alexandra

etc. Maa Manikeswari (the goddess of

Manikya), the clan deity of the Naga kings

of Kalahandi may have also necessitated the

adoption of the name. The present District of

Kalahandi was a former princely state of

South Kosals. It was a feudatory of erstwhile

Kalinga-Utkala Empire of Gajapati rulers of

Orissa. During that time, Junagarh was the

State capital of Kalahandi which has a well-built fort and a number of temples of Hindu pantheon,

with sculptural evidence of the rite of sati. After the independence of India, Kalahandi was

merged with the State of Orissa on November 1, 1949. Subsequently, in 1962, the area coming

under Kashipur Police Station was taken out from this District and merged with Koraput district.

For the administrative convenience, again Kalahandi District was divided into two parts i.e.

Kalahandi and Nuapada vide State Government Notification No. DRC-44/93/14218/R. dated 27

March 1993.

1.2 Geographic Location:

Geographically, the district is located in the South-western part of Orissa, between 19° 3' N to 21°

5' N latitude and 82° 30 E to 83° 74' E longitude. It is bounded in the North by the District of

Balangir and Nuapada; on the South by the District of Koraput on the West by the District of

Nawarangpur and Raipur (Chhatisgarh State); and on the East by the District of Rayagada and

Koraput. The District Headquarters is at Bhawanipatna town which is situated almost in the

Eastern border of the district. Kalahandi district has an area of 7920sq.kms and area wise the

district ranks 7th among the 30 districts of Orissa.



1.3 Administrative set-up:

The district is comprised of two sub-divisions namely Bhawanipatna and Dharmagarh with

thirteen Tehsils. The district is basically rural in character and urbanization process is quite slow

for which the district is having only one Municipality [Bhawanipatna] and two NACs namely

Kesinga and Junagarh. There are 13 Community Development Blocks comprising 273 Gram

Panchayats and 2099 inhabited villages. Detail administrative set up of the district is presented in

the matrix.

Table 1: District Administrative Set-up

SN Particulars Specification SN Particulars Specification

1 Number of Sub-Division 2 6 Number of Police Station 12

2 Number of Tehsils 13 7 Number of GPs 273

3 Number of Municipality 1 8 No. of Inhabited Villages 2099

4 Number of N.A.C. 2 9 No. of Uninhabited Villages 137

5 Number of Blocks 13 10 Total Number of villages 2236

Source: District Statistical Hand Book, Kalahandi

1.4 District Demography:

As per 2011 Census (Provisional), Kalahandi has a total population of 1573054 out of which

7,85,179 are male and 7,87,875 are female with a sex ratio of 1000 male for 1003 females. The

density of population is higher (30) than 2001 Census per square km. i.e 199. The decadal

variation in population estimated to be 17.79% in comparison to 2001.

Table 2: District Demography

SN Particulars Kalahandi SN Particulars Specification

A Total Population 13,35,494 E Population Growth (1991-01) 17.99

A1 Male 6,67,526 F Population Growth (2001-11) 17.79

A2 Female 6,67,968 G Population density [2001] 169

A3 Rural 12,35,275 (92.5%) H Population density [2011] 199

A4 Urban 1,00,219 (7.5%) I Number of households 3,20,624

B Scheduled Castes 2,36,019 (17.67%) I 1 Rural Households 2,99,942

Male 1,17,344 I 2 Urban Households 20,682

Female 1,18,675 I 3 Household size 4

C Scheduled Tribes 382,573 (28.65%) I 4 Sex Ratio [2001] 1,001

Male 1,88,646 I 5 Sex Ratio (0-6 years) 984

Female 1,93,927 16 Sex Ration[2011] 1,003

D Population by Age groups

0-4 years 1,49,347

5-14 years 3,07,070

15-59 years 7,69,364

60 years and above 1,09,713

Source: Census of India, 2001 and 2011



1.5 District Development Indicators:

The literacy level of the district was about 45.94% (62.66% male and only 29.28% female) during

2001 which increased to 60.22 during 2011. The district is one of the few districts where infant

mortality is quite high (51 per 1000) which has been one of the characteristics of KBK region.

About 62.71% families in the district live Below the Poverty Line1. The per capita Net District

Domestic Product estimated to be Rs. 35168 during 2006-07 in the current price. Per Capita

NDDP recorded a growth of 35.10% from the year 2005-06 and 140.5% in comparison to the per

capita NDDP of 1999-2000 at current price i.e. around 20.07% during seven years time. Total

worker population of the district estimated to be 46.50% and main worker population to the total

population is 28.61%. The Human Development Index (HDI) places Kalahandi at 11th rank

among 30 districts of the State based on the HDI parameters2. Different Development Indicators

of the district are presented in the matrix which has been the basis for formulating the District

Annual Plan 2012-13.

Table 3: District Development Indicators

SN Particulars SN Particulars

A Total Literates 5,13,383 F Marginal workers to population [%] 17.89

A1 Male Literates 3,49,473 G Non-workers to population [%] 53.50

A2 Female Literates 1,63,910 H Average operational holding [00-01] in Ha. 1.62

B Literacy Rate 45.94 % I Variation in rainfall [%] (+) 62.8

B1 Male Literacy Rate 62.66 % J Yield Rate of Rice (Kg/Ha) 1119

B2 Female Literacy Rate 29.28 % J1 Kharif 1043

B3 SC Literacy Rate 47.12 J2 Rabi 1524

B4 SC Male Literacy Rate 63.76 J3 Yield Rate of Wheat(Kg/Ha) 1285

B5 SC Female Literacy Rate 30.80 J4 Yield Rate of Maize(Kg/Ha) 1188

B6 ST Literacy Rate 34.17 J5 Yield Rate of Ragi(Kg/Ha) 640

B7 ST Male Literacy Rate 51.70 J6 Yield Rate of Groundnut(Kg/Ha) 1635

B8 ST Female Literacy Rate 17.15 J7 % of net area sown to total reported area 62.67

C Educational Level 5,13,383 K Crpping Intensity [%] 159.58

C1 Without Level 21,290 K1 Net irrigated area to net area sown [%] 36.66

C2 Below Primary 174,170 K2 Gross irrigated to gross cropped area [%] 38.71

C3 Primary 156,321 K3 Rate of ferlizer consumption (Kg/Ha) 51

C4 Middle 67,866 L Forest area to geographical area [%] 32.05

C5 Matric /Higher Secondary 75,827 M Share of forest area to State Forest area [%] 4.37

C6 Graduate and above 17,904 N Medical institutions [No./lakh opulation] 7

D Type of House N1 Medical institutions per '000 sq.km of area 13

D1 Permanent 29.3 N2 No. of hospital beds per lakh of population 37

D2 Semi-Permanent 63 O Primary schools / lakh population [No.] 135

1 BPL Survey 1997 2 Human Development Report; Odisha 2004; Government of Odisha



D3 Temporary 7.7 O1 Upper primary school / lakh population 41

E Number of BPL Families 1,93,054 P Road Network

E1 SC/ST BPL Families [No] 111,884 P1 Road Length per '000 sq.km. area [Km] 1627

E2 BPL Families [%] 62.71 P2 Road Length per lakh of population [Km] 965

Per Capita Income No of Bank branch / lakh Population 6

HDI Rank [2004] 11 Average coverage of area per Bank 100

Total Workers 620,950 Credit Deposit Ratio-Commercial Banks 87.85

Main Workers 382,050 No. of post offices per lakh of population 23

Marginal Workers 238,900 Average coverage of area per post office 26sqm

Non-workers 714,544 Percapita consumption of Fish [Kg] 9

% of total workers to total

population

46.50 Percapita consumption of Milk [Lt.] 19

% of cultivators to total

workers

29.63 Percapita consumption of egg (no) 33

% of Agriculture labourers

to total workers

50.33 Infant Mortality Rate 51

% of workers in household

industry to total workers

2.87 Human Development Index 0.606

% of main workers to total

population

28.61

Source: Census of India, 2001,1997 BPL Census, Odisha Survey-2005-06

1.6 Agro-Climatic:

The districts is in ‘Western Undulating Zone’ which is characterized by hot moist and sub-humid

climate with mean maximum temperature of 450 C in summer and mean minimum temperature of

120 C in winter. Western Undulating Zone is situated between 19

0 3’ and 21

0 55’N latitude and

820 20’ and 83

0 47’ E longitude. The agro-climatic zone is located in Eastern Plateau and Hills

Zone (Zone Number 7) of India. The Agro-Climatic Zones in the State have been further

delineated into 57 Agro-Ecological (Farming) situations.

Table 4: Climatic & Agro-Ecological Situation

SN Soil Type Blocks of the District

1 Red soil, medium rainfall, medium elevation Golamunda

2 Red soil, high rainfall, medium elevation M. Rampur

3 Red soil, high rainfall, high elevation Koksara, M. Rampur

4 Red & yellow soil, high rainfall, medium elevation Koksara, M. Rampur, Bh.Patna

5 Black soil, high rainfall, medium elevation Koksara, Kesinga

6 Forest soil M. Rampur, Koksara

The district is having undulating tracts of high ridges and low valleys. The different types of land

like hills & hill slope, foot hills, up land, medium and low land are found in different parts of the

district. Many villages in different blocks are surrounded by hillocks and forest area especially in



Thuamul Rampur, Lanjigarh and M. Rampur blocks. Mainly uplands are undulated and uneven

with small stone patches and the average slope is estimated to be 3-5 percent.

The normal rainfall of the district is recorded to be 1330.5 mm which is normally distributed in

59-61 rainy days. The major source of rainfall is South–West monsoon and contribution of

North–East monsoon is minimal. Nearly 87% of annual rainfall is received in monsoon months

(June–September), which is normally distributed over 49 days. The month of May is the hottest

month and December–January is the coldest months in the district where minimum temperature

up to 3.6 0C during January and maximum temperature up to 47.5

0C are observed. Relative

humidity remains within 70–82% during June–September and within 38–70% during remaining

months of the year. The district and month wise temperature and humidity is presented in the

matrix.

Table 5: Temperature and Humidity

Month Temperature in 0C Humidity in RH %

Max Min Morning Evening

Jan 28.9 13.2 62 38

Feb 32.2 17.2 57 36

Mar 36.6 21.2 48 29

Apr 39.7 25.6 44 28

May 40.9 27.1 47 31

Jun 36.3 25.8 66 58

Jul 31.1 24.2 80 75

Aug 30.6 23.9 82 77

Sept 31.5 23.7 79 73

Oct 31.5 21.1 74 64

Nov 29.6 16.8 69 52

Dec 27.9 13.2 65 44

Mean 33.1 21.1 64 50

Source : IMD, GoI

1.7 Land and Soil:

The cultivated lands of the region are of four distinct types. Att lands are unbunded uplands

which are rainfed and infertile Mal lands are bunded uplands and terraced to catch run-off. Berna

lands are medium or mid-low lands with average fertility. Bahal lands are low lands, which are

low lying and comparatively fertile lands suitable for rice cultivation. Danger lands are located

on hill slopes utilized for shifting cultivation while Bari lands are adjacent to homestead lands

mostly used for cultivation of fruits and vegetables. The major soil types of the district are red

(alfisol), laterite and lateritic (ultisol and exisol) and black (vertisol) with limited patch of forest

soils (humults). Soils are mostly acidic to neutral in reaction with medium level of availability of

Nitogen [N], Phosphorous [P] and Potash [K]. The soil reaction and nutrient index of Kalahandi

district is stated below:



1.8 River System: The Indravati and Tel are the major rivers of the district which are key tributaries of Mahandi and

Godavari Rivers respectively. Tel is the longest river and spreading over more areas which

receives a large number of tributries like hati, Utei, Moter, Sagada, Ret and Raul.

Table 6: Existing Status of the District in Different Sectors

SN Critical Indicator Existing Status

Population percentage to State 3.75 Percentage to total are of the State 5.09

1 Health MMR 49.65

2 IMR 208.59

3 ANC Registration (%) 28

4 Institutional Delivery (%) 59.21

5 Full Immunization (%) 98.60

6 Under weight Children below 0-6Year years (%) 1.75

1 Education Literacy Rate 60.22

2 Male 73.34

3 Female 47.27

4 Enrolment (%) 98.78

5 Boys (%) 98.82

6 Girls (%) 98.73

7 Out of School children (%) 1.22

8 Boys (%) 1.18

9 Girls (%) 1.27

10 No. of Primary School cover under MDM Programme 2054

11 % of Student cover under MDM in 2011-12 85.01

12 No. of Upper Primary School cover under MDM

Programme in 2011-12

804

13 % of Student cover under MDM in 2011-12 84.42

1 Agriculture Gross cropped area(in hectare) 6,07,640

Yield Rate of Paddy (Qtl/Hec.)

1 Kharif 32.30

2 Rabi 38.43

3 Yield Rate of Wheat (Qtl/Hec.) 15.80

Yield Rate of Maze (Qtl/Hec.)

4 Kharif 38.00

5 Rabi 39.50

Yield Rate of G.Nut (Qtl/Hec.)

6 Kharif 18.60

7 Rabi 18.90

Yield Rate of Ragi (Qtl/Hec.)

8 Kharif 11.60

9 Rabi 62.40

10 Cropping intensity (%) 158

11 Net Irrigated area (%) 36.66

12 Kharif 35.46

13 Rabi 43.59

Rate of Fertilizer consumption (kg./Hec.)

14 Kharif 77.22

15 Rabi 63.59

Total No. of M.I.P 178

Completed M.I.P (%) 53.37

Partly Derelict M.I.P (%) 17.42

Complete Derelict M.I.P (%) 3.37

On going M.I.P (%) 25.84



No. of existing L.I.P 753

Defunct L.I.P (%) 34.66

No. of L.I.P handed over to Panipanchyat 631

No. of proposed L.I.P 86

1 Fishery Per capita fish production (Kg) 8.00

2 Per capita fish consumption (kg) 9.30

2 Esmt. Annual fish production (MT) 11274

3 Esmt. Fish seed production (Lakhs in Fry Size) 401.21

4 Deptt. 149.17

5 OPDC 93.11

6 Pvt. Producer 82.50

1 Animal Husbandry Per capita meat production (kg. /Year) 3.4

2 Per capita Egg production (No./Year) 54.46

3 Per capita Milk production ( gm./day) 82.00

Horticulture Area of plantation (in hectare)

1 Mango 7700

2 Banana 185

3 Onion 5110

4 Vegetable 21450

5 Spices 3765

Production (in MT)

1 Mango 38500

2 Banana 11000

3 Onion 72562

4 Vegetable 345345

5 Spices 7340

RWS & S Total village 2236

1 Total Habitation 4134

2 No. of Tube wells in working condition 14128

3 No. of Sanitary well in working condition 687

4 No. of commissioned PWS as on 21.7.2011 163

5 No. of Habitation covered 346

6 Ongoing PWS 43

7 No. of New PWS approved in 2011-12 38

8 Installation of HH Latrine (No. of HH) 152060

9 BPL HH 89811

10 APL HH 62249

Social welfare Target of IGNOP in 2011-12 48750

1 Achivement of IGNOP 2011-12 48669

2 Target of IGNWP in 2011-12 12782

3 Achivement of IGNWP in 2011-12 11355

4 Target of IGNDP in 2011-12 4011

5 Achivement of IGNDP in 2011-12 2281

6 No. of Emergency feeding Beneficiary cover in 2011-12 37200

7 No. of beneficiary covered under IAY programme during

2007 -08 to 2011-12

19815

8 No. of beneficiary covered Mo Kudia Programme during

2007-08 to 2011-12

15404



Chapter II: SWOT Analysis

2.1 Background:

The district has its strength in different strategic development areas and through various

measures, it has turned different weaknesses in to strength in certain areas which has benefitted

people of the district and contributed to the overall development. Through consultation with

different stakeholders at the district, sub-district and GP level, SWOT of different sectors are

identified. The SWOT of different GP is different and also varies from block to block. The

overall situation of the district is presented below which may not be equally applicable to all the

blocks of the district. The perspective and annual plan is prepared to turn around the identified

weakness in to strength, tapping opportunities for the development of the people and minimizing

the threat through appropriate measures.

2.2 Agriculture: Strengths: The district is known for its agriculture base, especially in the command area of UIP

and more specifically in Dharamgarh subdivision. The net irrigated area of the district is 36.66%

of the total net sown area which is comparatively above the minimum 35% irrigation plan of the

Government. Agriculture is progressing well in the plains, where many farmers are adopting

modern agricultural practices including use of high yielding varieties of seeds, fertilizers, farm

mechanization and advanced agronomic practices. Use of production enhancement elements like

fertilisers and pesticides has gone up in recent years with improved irrigation coverage. Food

production and the productivity scenario of the district has changed due to adaptation of new

technologies, use of HYV and increased use of fertilizers. The land is suitable for variety of crops

and it is generally fertile in character. Due to the increased explosure to the demand driven market

system, crop diversification in irrigated areas have come up to a great extent. Farmers have been

adopting farming of cash crops and production of cotton has gone up in the district. So, basically

the strength of the district in agriculture lies in involvement of large segment of the population in

agricultural activities, assured irrigation in many pockets through different sources, increasing

commercial cropping and crop diversification, use of HYV seeds contributing to overall

production and productivity etc.

Weaknesses: In hilly areas, that are generally inhabited by tribals, agricultural practices are

primitive and agriculture productivity is very low. For example, use of modern agricultural

practices including growth enhancing fertiliser and pesticides by the farmers of M. Rampur,

Lanjigarh and Thuamul Rampur blocks has been low. The undulated topography and poor

holding size of the land remain to be one of the attributes for less farm mechanisation. With the

changing climatic situation, the district has been experiencing erratic rainfall with long dry spell

which has become a constraint for agricultural growth in blocks like Bhawanipatna, Golamunda,



Koksara, Lanjigarh, M. Rampur and T. Rampur blocks of the district. Poor market infrastructure

and post-harvest management practices has been one of the weakness of the district. On time and

adequate availability of agricultural inputs have been constraints, experienced by most of the

farmers across the districts. On the other hand, poor extension services and required skill and

knowledge gap on package of practices affect the farming in small holdings. Agricultural credit is

also not available easily and dependency on informal sources, including the traders is rampant in

many blocks. Credit for agricultural activities is either not available or if it is available, it is

inadequate and not in time of requirement.

Opportunities: In view of the present trend in agriculture, it is apparenet that the district is

having ample scope for crop diversification, attending inhanced production and productivity

through adaptation of modern and scientific agricultural practices, bringing in additional areas in

to the fold of irrigation, establishing market channels for various produces, bringing in private

investments in infrastructure and contract farming, improved farm mechanization in plane areas

through financial incentives and adopting different operational strategy. Commercial way of

farming, either through contract mode or through farmer’s organization approach, can further

strength the farm production status of the district. Opportunity of creating storage facility at

village / GP level can regulate the market price and minimise the distress loss of farm produces.

Threats: External threat is always from climatic stand point that is erratic and uneven rainfall and

increased temperature [not suitable for some crops]. Fluctuation in the market price, delay in

payment of crop insurance to the farmers and decreasing agricultural labourer due to other sector

engagement has critically influenced the agriculture sector and the farmers associated with.

2.2.1 Plan Proposition:

With the examination of SWOT of the district in agriculture sector, the sector plan is objectively

formed to bring improvement in the production and productivity status of the district through

appropriate means like provision of extension services, creating irrigation potential [refer

irrigation for details], improved use of HYV seeds, fertiliser and pesticides, development of

Human Resources; promotion of cereals and pulses, increasing seed production, improving the

farm mechanisation status; promoting adaptation of improved agricultural practices [INM/IPM

etc.]; special focus on augmentation of cereals, pulses, cotton and millets; promotion of sugarcane

as a cash crop and improving the market infrastructure and facilities.

2.3 Horticulture: Strength: The district grows a number of horticultural crops like mango, okra, brinjal, tomato

and radish under both irrigated and rain-fed conditions. The district also grow banana in the

irrigated areas. The district records positive growth in different horticultural crops, including

vegetables. Brinjal is produced in large quantities along with tomato, cauliflower, radish and okra.

The major strength of the district is its coverage under RKVY and NHM under which additional

central assistance is available for horticulture promotion. Horticultural activities are now getting



commercial in a demonstrative mode with the involvement of big farmers as an entrepreneur.

Improved saplings / seeds are available for farmers in an affordable price

Weakness: Poor infrastructural support system for promotion of horticultural crops has been one

of the weaknesses along with availability of limited good quality planting materials. The

commercial way of horticulture is yet to take shape due to poor organisation of farmers and

holding size. Due to primary focus on cereal crop [paddy], remunerative aspect of horticulture has

not been in focus. Availability of finance for investment, either through own means or through

credit is also not available with the interested farmers to take up horticultural activities in a large

scale. Off-season horticulture through protective means is almost at a non-existance stage due to

the requirement of higher investment. In one hand promotional provisions are not adequate while

on the other hand, farmers are also lack required knowledge base, which includes market

information.

Opportunity: There is a considerable scope to promote horticulture in different parts of the

district, particularly in hilly tracts where traditional cultivation practices are not economically

rewarding. The favourable climatic condition for horticultural crops can be further utilised for

commercial scale of production by farmers, either individually or collectively. Increased

investment through credit and non-credit instruments, including private investment can further

augment the production. The nearby Raipur and Andhra market can be explored for effective

market tie up. Apart from that, semi-processed produces or value added products can be

developed in the district through private investment and farmer’s mobilisation. As the present rate

of synthetic fertiliser use is less in horticultura crops, organic farming can be promoted with

appropriate certification. The district is also having potential for Floriculture especially for Rose,

Marigold and Gladioli apart from mushroom farming and Apiary. Looking at the growing market

demand for certain horticultural crops, the district can take up production of high value crops like

Broccoli, Capsicum, China & Red cabbage and baby corn in a commercial scale through

protective farming system.

Threats: Major threat remains to be inadequate infrastructure for augmenting production through

concretised effort. Though, high and medium lands are suitable for horticultural crops, still

emphasis for cereal crop [paddy] remains a great challenge for taking up horticultural activities.

Whereever, assured irrigation facility prevails; farmers prefer to take up Rabi paddy in large scale

instead of vegetables. Pest threat is always there with horticultural crops, especially for vegetables

but it can be mitigated through adoption of IPM. Fluctuating market price remains another

discouraging factor for the farmers in horticulture promotion.

2.3.1 Plan Proposition: The plan for horticulture development is multifold covering technical and non-technical solution

to the existing problem along with provision of subsidised inputs and promotional measures. The

plan proposes to establish new gardens for horticultural crops like Banana sucker, Mango, K.

Lime and Litchi; production of quality planting materials through existing and new public and



private sector nurseries; promote floriculture among small and marginal farmers, initially in small

scale; promotion of protected cultivation through green house, shed-nets etc.; improvement in

post-harvest management practices; taking up INM and IPM in selected clusters on demonstration

basis; vermin-compost promotion in selected farmers for organic farming, mechanisation of

horticultural activities; pollination support through bee-keeping; promotion of medicinal plants,

promotion of micro-irrigation system under farm management practices; establishment of low-

cost onion storage system; providing vegetable mini-kit to farmers in a subsidised rate and

development of human resources [farmers etc.] through training.

2.4 Animal Husbandry: Strength: Kalahandi is richly endowed with Livestock resources which have been a

supplementing source of income for a large number of families. The department is having its

facility network at GP and block level to strengthen animal husbandry activities. Goat rearing has

been one of the primary livestock activities for the rural families. The undulating topography and

spread over pasture land is suitable for animal husbandry to make it a major economic activity.

The district has been implementing a number of promotional activities which has been supportive

to livestock promotion. Animal husbandry has also been supportive for nutritional intake,

fulfilling household fuel requirement and improving the soil fertility for agricultural activities.

Weakness: Though, the district is having livestock resources, but their productivity is one of the

lowest in the state. Contribution of Cattle and Buffalo to the agricultural economy is poor and

animal husbandry is one of the subsidiary occupations to them. Some GPs do not have Live Stock

Aid Centers [LACs] to provide all the Animal Husbandry related services at the time of need.

Genetic up gradation of livestock for better productivity is focused mostly in Dairy sector. The

artificial insemination [AI] for cows and buffaloes is limited than rampant. Stll feed system for

livestock population is limited for which production remains relatively less. Animal husbandry

practices / management are mostly traditional and commercial way of rearing using modern

scientific methods is rare. Understanding of the farmers as well as acceptance of livestock

vaccination by the owners is relatively low. Existence of low breed livestock, basically cattle,

goat, pig & poultry, has been resulting in low production of milk, meat and eggs. The outreach by

the field functionaries for extension activities is restricted due to non availability of mobility,

inadequate allowances & extension materials. Poor facilities for the marketing of milk [though

the situation has improves] discourages farmer to adopt dairy farming in a commercial scale.

Organised market for goat, meat, broiler chicken, pork is very poor and lack of milk root in rural

areas, basically in hilly terrain areas has been the constraints in cattle promotion. Insurance

facility for the livestock is also having limted accessibility coupled with non-remittance of

compensation on time.

Opportunities: Looking at the present occupational pattern and interest of the families for

livestock rearing, it is apparent that the increasing market demand for meat, egg and milk

products can be met domestically through introduction of enterpreneural culture in livestock

rearing and by infusing productive quality breeds. As green fodder is available in many blocks



like T. Rampur, M. Rampur, Lanjigarh etc. those pockets can be developed as livestock rearing

hubs at the district level. Farmer’s orientation on improved management practices with credit

support and schematic linkages [large scale] can help to augment the sectoral productivity.

Orientation of farmers on animal health care, breeding, feeds & fodder and product marketing can

make livestock rearing remunerative for them. The district can think of large farms through

private investments with private run and managed animal husbandry clusters in a commercial

scale. The scope of replacement of indigenous cattle population with the crossbred for more milk

production would be useful for the rearers. The limited forward and backward linkage can further

help in strengthening the animal husbandry sector in the district.

Threats: Occurrence of disease and sudden death of pool of livestock is a major threat and poor

insurance coverage aggravates the situation further.


Based on the status of the animal husbandry sector, the plan objectives are bringing improvement

of local breed of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, pig, poultry and duck with exotic variety for higher

production of milk,egg,meat and wool alongwith other animal products with latest scientific

technology. The plan also looks to preserve and supply of improved and selected male-

germplasm with modern management practices like compound and pre-mixed feed, balanced diet,

supply of green fodder etc. The plan is also framed to take up systemic and regular preventive

measures and treatment of the sick animals so that death rate can be minimised. Apart from that

the plan is also to increase awareness among the farmers through orientation / training as a part of

human resource development. It is expected that with all these measures, farmers, more

specifically small and marginal farmers would get increased income from livestock rearing.

2.5 Fishery:

Strength: The district has 5525 ha of water body area spread over 6,492 ponds and 13 reservoirs,

where cultured species include Catla, Rohu, Migral, Grass carp and others. Per capita availability

of fish has increased to 8 Kg over the years of promotional iniatives. With the MGNREGA

investment, a number of ponds have been constructed along with captive small ponds in farmer’s

land. The reservoirs can also be used for promotion of fish farming.

Weakness: Contribution of fishery to the livelihoods of the local people is not substantial. Some

part of the local demand is met by external sources due to less production. Major constraints in

improving the catch from reservoirs include: non availability of quality boats and nets to

fishermen, over-exploitation of reservoirs for fishing, no systematic efforts to increase fish

production and regulated fishing in various reservoirs. Other weakness that have been affecting

the fish farming in the district are recurrence of drought / dry spell for which water availability

remains below the expected level, high levels of seepage from the existing tanks; seasonal fishing

due to lack of water, short duration water bodies with water availability, poor accessibility to

agencies dealing with supply of seeds, lack of awareness regarding aquaculture as a livelihood,



poor awareness on technology of aquaculture, poor preservation and transportation facilities, poor

credit facility for captive fish farming, inadequate quality hatchery and poor supply of fingerling

on time etc.

Opportunities: There is, therefore, considerable scope to promote fisheries in the district to

substantially improve the incomes of local families and provide additional high quality nutrition

to the local population. In addition to ponds and rivers, there are 78 reservoirs, which could be

fully utilized, and in fact, some of which are partially utilized, for fishing. The average yield can

be easily improved if fishery activities are systematically promoted and fish are scientifically

cultivated. Renovation / up-gradation of derelict tanks can provide ample scope for fish farming

in the district. The knowledge, skills and awareness of people including fishermen could be

substantially improved through training, demonstrations and exposure visits to more advanced

areas.

Threat: Fish farming depends upon water availability and poor monsoon severely affects the fish

production. Apart from that some other weaknesses become threat to fish farming like no

insurance coverage, wate seepage, high degree of evaporation during summer etc.

2.5.1 Plan Proposition: The perspective and annual plan is framed with the objective of improving the fish production in

the district, optimally utilising available resources and crating supportive system and

infrastructure. The plan looks at increasing culture area by new tank excavation,

development of water logged areas and making it suitable for fish farming; renovation of old /

derelict tanks and utilising for fishery, improving the fingerling and yearling stock situation;

promoting fishery related enterprises; developing skill and knowledge base of the fish farmers;

establishment of fish seed hatchery, initiating pan and cage culture in reservoirs; support farmers

with boat and net etc.

2.6 Rural Development: Strengths: Though majority of the Government schemes are intended for Rural Development,

this section highlights certain key initiatives, exclusively implemented as Rural Development

schemes. The strength areas lies in Rural Development are implementation of a number of

schemes, including special schemes under KBK in the district; multiple benefitting programmes;

speial targeting to BPL families; creating awareness among people on different development

initiatives and Government schemes; facilitation for community participation in developmental

programmes; creating greater opportunity for livelihood and skill development of different

segments at the community level etc. Vertical and horizontal spread of the schemes is quite high

covering all the blocks and most of the GPs of the district.

Weakness: In-spite of all efforts, rural development initiative is having certain weaknesses which

are basically the out come of increasing demand for better quality facility and quality of living.



Poor infrastructural facility in interior pockets has remains a concern which affect the economic

development and people’s accessibility to institutional facilities. In-spite of allout effort for

improving education and health status of people; certain segment of the population still remains

out of the perview of such benefits due to various reasons. Poor literacy rate among SC & ST

community is still a concern. Coupled with this poor awareness among rural community on health

and hygiene prevails in many pockers, more specifically in scheduled and MADA blocks.

Shortage of Govt. staff has remained a concerned for ensuring quality of implementation of

different activities and monitoring the activities that are under implementation. During interaction

at the GP level, it is also realised that in many cases, there has been limited involvement of local

people and people’s organsiations in the implementation of different rural development schemes.

The reasons are basically related to people’s negligence, no special effort to mobilise people and

involve them in the process etc. In many GPs, people are of the opinion that deserving families

are being debarred from the intended Government benefits whereas welloff families are

availining different Government benefits. This has been one of the bottlenecks in serving the

marginalised segment and improving their economic status.

Opportunities: With the gradual increase in awareness and exposure of rural mass; opportunities

for rural development seems having ample potential, especially in strengthening the

implementation process and realising the outcome in a desired manner. Skill development is one

of the key areas which can be focused to augement the scope of self-employment of rural mass in

local areas. Skill development will help to strength the service sector along with creation of large

number of employment. Vocational trainings in different areas can further help to improve

people’s skill set to meet the service demand areas. Till now, investment needs in rural

development is basically met from Government sources. It can be thought of to improve the

investment scenario through private partnership in selected GPs and blocks, initially focusing on

clusters / GPs / blocks looking for such investments or having investment absorbing potential.

Improvement in communication facility can further support easy accessibility of people to

different facility centres and also can augment the economic activities. Though, Government has

been focusing upon rural connectivity under different schemes, but the quality of the roads,

coverage of inaccessible villages and GPs etc. can be furthered focused upon. Apart from roads

and bridges, development of social infrastructures [health and educational infrastructures] and

productive / direct economy supportive infrastructures can be developed to augement the rural

economic activities and making it profitable for the people.

Threats: Though, before few years, the district was not infected with LWE [Left Wing

Extremists], but now a days, their presence is reported in many blocks of the district. It is

expected that required development interventions may got affected due to their anti-social

activities. Another threat seems to be from influential segement who interfere in implementation

of different activities, change the plan of implementation and pressurise the officials to work

according to their wish. Sometimes, village conflict during implementation of Scheme/project

also affects the quality of work and its timely completion. In the implementation aspect, non-



completion of work on time due to financial and non-financial reasons increase the budget cost

and the basic objective remains unaddressed.


Looking at the present situation and people’s aspiration, it is proposed to augment the skill

development of the people in different vocational areas. Technical and financial support along

with institutional and infrastructural provisions would help to develop an environment where

people can take up selected feasible enterprises, individually or collectively. Secondly, the plan

focuses on appropriate targeting, based on the scheme guidelines with appropriate monitoring and

supervision. Based on the requirement of different GPs and blocks, a detail plan is prepared and

annexed to this document for reference and implementing accordingly based on the priority.

2.7 Irrigation:

Strength: The district is having a number of tanks and water bodies. Total area irrigated is

around 116586 hectors which accounts for 44.71% of the total cultivated area. MGNREGA has

been contributing by renovating and digging new tanks and making it suitable for irrigation.

Canal irrigation system is also available in Dharmagarh sub-division where people are having

multi-cropping. The district has improved irrigation potential over the years by creating different

water bodies.

Weakness: Major weakness lies with poor water retaining capacity of a number of MIPs as it is

in the defunct stage. More than 30% LI points are defunt in the district which could have

increased the irrigated areas and improved the agricultural activities. Further, comprehensive

district irrigation promotion plan is yet to be executed fully. As most of the villages are suffering

from poor electricity supply, many LI points operate below its capacity. Blocks like T. Rampur,

M.Rampur, Lanjigarh etc. need intensive coverage under irrigation through alternative means.

Opportunity: The opportunities that can be tapped for improving the irrigation status of the

district are like revival of defunct LI points and MIPs, taking up installation of new MIPs and LI

points in disadvantage areas for improving irrigation; uninterrupted power supply for specific

periods in a day with required voltage; full fledged execution of district irrigation promotion plan;

encouraging private investment in irrigation sector especially management and maintenance of LI

points, water distribution etc.; strengthening Pani Panchayat as viable institution for water use

regulation & taxation; making MGNRGA investment multipurpose i.e. along with wage, it can

create sustainable and productive assets for irrigation etc.

Threats: Poor performance of monsoon in the recent years has been the concern as many tanks

remain out of water or it becomes difficult to maintain the dead storage level. Secondly,

deforestation in the catchment contributed in silting the tank bed for which water retaining

capacity of the tanks has come down drastically for which designed capacity for irrigation of

different water bodies could not be maintained. While in one hand exploitation of ground water is



essential for improving irrigation coverage, on the other hand it may affect the ground water

acquifer and it needs to be addressed through ground water recharging instruments.


In irrigation, plan is proposed in a convergent manner with MGNREGA, Lift Irrigation

Corporation, agriculture department, forest department and bringing in major and medium/minor

irrigation projects. The plan suggests taking up irrigation promotion measures through LI and

other sources in feasible interior pockets where irrigation status is still low. Secondly, to minimise

the siltation, catchment treatment can be taken up by the forest department and command area

development through agriculture and horticultural activities with departmental support. LI

division can take up repairing and maintenance of defunct LI points and bringing in private

investments in its operation, maintenance and taxation in collaboration with local Pani

Panchayats.

2.8 Energy:

Strength: The district is one of the producers of hydro-power in the state. Due to the

privatisation, the revenue collection situation in the district has improved in comparison to pre-

privatisation era. The rural electrification programmes like RGGVY, Biju Saharanchala Vidyut

Yojana [BSVY] and Biju Gramya Jyoti Yojana [BGJY] have contributed significantly for

electrification of rural habitation. These schemes have supported significantly in providing

electricity to the rural families.

Weakness: Though the district produce power, but both rural and urban areas experience

frequent power cut and voltage drop. Poor maintenance of instruments and poor standard

transformers are basically responsible for this. As per the people’s opinion, delay in transformer

repair, replacement of defunct transformer and related services are poor. Renewable sources of

energy are not used to the expected extent and its contribution to the district energy consumption

is quite low. While, solar energy can be harvested through photovoltaic instruments, but due to

the cost factor and allied unwillingness, it is not preferred by the people. Examining from user

side, theft of electricity is a common phenomenon for which expected revenue is not generated.

Had it not been so, WESCO could have reinvested the surplus for system upgradation.

Opportunities: Opportunities lies with adaptation of renewable energy in a large scale, especially

solar energy for mitigating energy deficiency. Apart from this, timely maintenance of instruments

sucha as transformer, lines etc. would further help to minimise transmission losses and

maintaining the voltage flow. Community Vigilance System [CVS] would be another solution to

minimise the theft and by that increasing the revenue realisation. Scope of improvement in power

related services can further help to improve customer satisfaction and authentication of supply, if

any connection is unauthorised.



Threats: Major threat is related to power generation in case of fall in the water table in the Upper

Indravati Hydro-Power project. Secondly, as discuss, revenue lapses due to theft and high

transmission loss is observed in many parts of the district.


The perspective and annual plan looks at successful implementation of rural electirification

schemes / programmes in a participatory manner with wider coverage. The plan looks at

improved coverage of households and villages under electrification along with improved

realisation of revenue through thift minimisation, improvement and installation of supply

instruments to minimise the transmission loss and voltage drop etc.

2.9 SWOT of Other Sectors:

Table 7: SWOT of Other Sectors

Strength Weakness Opportunity Threat

Sector: Industry & Mining

1. Consucive State and National Policy

2. Govt. Offerings to investors

3. Availability of row material

4. Easily availability of labour

5. Transportation facility from selected

deposit areas

1. Less attractive infrastructure for investors

2. Major labor force is un-skilled & less inexperienced

3. Environmental safety measures inadequate

4. Tribal livelihood influenced, land acquisition and less

compensation

1. Exploration scope includes gem stones

along with other

metals

2. Skill improvement of the local people

3. Potential for manufacturing &

value added products.

1. Left wing extremist [LWE]

2. Local agitation against large

industry & mining

3. No / poor Political support

4. Environmental norms

Sector: Textile & Handloom

1. Traditional weavers keeping their

tradition intact

2. Availability of locally grown cotton

3. Availability of hand weaving looms

4. Increasing demand for power looms

5. Subsidy to traditional weavers

1. Deficit of working capital with the traditional workers

2. Capital inadequacy compel for procuring raw materials

on credit

3. Traditional practice causing low productivity

4. Inadequate funds for loom mechanization

5. Poor scope for marketing 6. Marketing on credit basis 7. Products non-remunera

comprehensive annual district plan, kalahandi, 2012 …nrcddp.org/resources_data/dis100086.pdf ·...

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