compilation of pol cases

8/10/2019 Compilation of Pol Cases

1/291

Republic of the PhilippinesSUPREME COURT

Manila

EN BANC

G.R. No. 118!! Ma"ch !# 1$$

%UAN&TO MAR&ANO# %R. et al.# petitione"s#'s.T(E COMM&SS&ON ON E)ECT&ONS# T(E MUN&C&PA)&T* O+ MA,AT (ON. %E%OMARB&NA*# T(E MUN&C&PA) TREASURER# AN- SANGGUN&ANG BA*AN O+MA,AT "esponents.

G.R. No. 118/0! Ma"ch !# 1$$

%O(N R. OSMEA# petitione"#

's.T(E COMM&SS&ON ON E)ECT&ONS# T(E MUN&C&PA)&T* O+ MA,AT (ON. %E%OMARB&NA*# MUN&C&PA) TREASURER# AN- SANGGUN&ANG BA*AN O+MA,AT "esponents.

PUNO#J.:

At bench a"e t2o 304 petitions assailin5 ce"tain p"o'isions of Republic Act No. !86as unconstitutional. R.A. No. !86 as unconstitutional. R.A. No. !86 is entitle#7An Act Con'e"tin5 the Municipalit of Ma9ati &nto a (i5hl U"bani:e Cit to be9no2n as the Cit of Ma9ati.71

G.R. No. 118!! in'ol'es a petition fo" p"ohibition an ecla"ato" "elief. &t 2as;le b petitione"s %uanito Ma"iano# %".# )i5aa S. Bautista# Te"esita Tiba# Ca


2/291

3c4 the aition of anothe" le5islati'e ist"ict in Ma9ati is not in acco"2ith Section 34# A"ticle =& of the Constitution fo" as of the latestsu"'e 31$$ census4# the population of Ma9ati stans at onl 6#.

G.R. No. 118/0! 2as ;le b the petitione" %ohn (. Os


3/291


4/291


5/291

conclue that sai section 1 has been con'enientl c"afte to suit the politicalaistin5 ist"icts c"eate une"Section 3a4 of Republic Act. No. !1// as i


6/291

le5islati'e "ep"esentation fo" an inete"


7/291

c"eate o" con'e"te shoul be p"ope"l ienti;e b istin5 cities.

&nepenent co


8/291

Hithin th"ee ea"s follo2in5 the "etu"n of e'e" census# the Con5"ess shall


9/291

The o


10/291

&n sho"t# the clause "efe"s to a general reapportionment law.

The inc"ease une" R.A. No. !86 is a pe"


11/291


12/291


13/291

a'oie b the )ocal Go'e"n


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the nees of thei" constituents 2hile at the sat follo2in5 thei" election.

No Me


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Petitione"s st"ess that une" these p"o'isions# electie local o%cials' includingMembers of the (ouse of )epresentatie' hae a term of three 3*4years and are

prohibited from sering for more than three 3*4consecutie terms. The a"5uethat b p"o'iin5 that the ne2 cit shall acFui"e a new corporate existence#section 1 of R.A. No. !86 "esta"ts the te"< of the p"esent


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&.

Section 1# A"ticle of the Constitution p"o'ies that 7no p"o'ince# cit#istin5 cities.

&nepenent co


18/291

&&.

St"ictl spea9in5# the inc"ease in the nu


19/291

Section 1# A"ticle of the Constitution p"o'ies that 7no p"o'ince# cit#istin5 cities.

&nepenent co


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St"ictl spea9in5# the inc"ease in the nu


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N&CO)AS CUENCA# as Co


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ha no @u"isiction o'e" the plaintiKs cause of action fo" the "eco'e" ofpossession an o2ne"ship of the po"tion of he" lot in Fuestion on the 5"oun thatthe 5o'e"n


23/291

5o'e"n


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304 Se"ious planations an othe" e'ience# &RR& issue a Notice of Te"e


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&RR&Ks ip"ess 2ai'e" bits -i"ecto"LGene"al is the onl 2a b 2hich it


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secon place# petitione"Ks "eliance on the Me >>>

0. 4oti0cation@manifestation to M$+# or labor arbiter

&f an 2hen a is


27/291

The


28/291


29/291

A >>>

He a5"ee to the abo'e contention# an consie"in5 that the Unite States5o'e"n


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account of a cont"act bet2een plainti an efenant. The efenant ;le ahaust its ae"cise of its so'e"ei5n functions. &nthis case the p"o@ects a"e an inte5"al pa"t of the na'al base 2hich is e'ote tothe efense of both the Unite States an the Philippines# inisputabl a functionof the 5o'e"n


31/291

Municipal Cou"t of Manila ha'e no @u"isiction o'e" the p"esent case fo"unla2ful etaine". The Fuestion of lac9 of @u"isiction 2as "aise aninte"pose at the 'e" be5innin5 of the action. The U.S. Go'e"n


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a2a" fo" the p"o@ect b the Unite States 5o'e"n


33/291

econo


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the Me


35/291

3U.S. Go'e"n


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iDcult# if not i


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38/291

Ai


39/291

A,A +RE--&E R&=ERA# E-H&N MAR&ANO# A,A %ESS&E -O)ORES SANGA)ANG# ETA).# "esponents.

+una'


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On Octobe" 1# 1$88# the t"ial cou"t enie the petitione"sK


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calle fo" b"ou5ht the< out of the p"otecti'e


42/291

plaintis# the efenants beat the< up# hancue the< an unleashe o5s onthe< 2hich bit the< in se'e"al pa"ts of thei" boies an cause e>tensi'e in@u"iesto the


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state sou5ht to be i


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ope"ation an efense the"eof o" app"op"iate fo" the cont"ol the"eof an allthe "i5hts# po2e" an autho"it 2ithin the li


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be sai to ha'e escene to the le'el of an ini'iual an can thus beee


47/291

The"e seep"ess 2ai'e" of i


48/291

se"'ices a"e not e>tene to the A


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Fuestion bein5 eciel co


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Manila

SECON- -&=&S&ON

G.R. No. )L110 %une 1# 1$!8

P(&)&PP&NE NAT&ONA) BAN,# petitione"#'s.(ON. %U-GE %A=&ER PABA)AN# %u5e of the Cou"t of +i"st &nstance# B"anch && )aUnion# AGOO TOBACCO P)ANTERS ASSOC&AT&ON# &NC.# P(&)&PP&NE =&RG&N&ATOBACCO A-M&N&STRAT&ON# an PAN+&)O P. %&MENE# -eput She"i# )a

Union# "esponents.

Conrado #. Medina' #dgardo M. Magtalas D >alfrido Climaco for petitioner.

5elimon A. Aspirin 0t respondent Agoo ?Tobacco &lanters Association' nc.

8irgilio C. Abejo for respondent &hil. 8irginia Tobacco Administration.

+ERNAN-O#Acting C.J.:

The "eliance of petitione" Philippine National Ban9 in this ce"tio"a"i an p"ohibitionp"oceein5 a5ainst "esponent %u5e %a'ie" Pabalan 2ho issue a 2"it ofe>ecution# 1follo2e the"eafte" b a notice of 5a"nish


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Co"po"ation 6an Manila (otel E


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sue an be sue an


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Manila

EN BANC

G.R. No. 1!$0!1 Ap"il 01# 0$

BARANGA* ASSOC&AT&ON +OR NAT&ONA) A-=ANCEMENT AN- TRANSPARENC*3BANAT4# Petitione"#'s.COMM&SS&ON ON E)ECT&ONS 3sittin5 as the National Boa" ofCan'asse"s4# Responent.ARTS BUS&NESS AN- SC&ENCE PRO+ESS&ONA)S# &nte"'eno".AANGAT TA*O# &nte"'eno".COA)&T&ON O+ ASSOC&AT&ONS O+ SEN&OR C&T&ENS &N T(E P(&)&PP&NES# &NC.3SEN&OR C&T&ENS4#&nte"'eno".

> L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L>

G.R. No. 1!$0$ Ap"il 01# 0$

BA*AN MUNA# A-=OCAC* +OR TEAC(ER EMPOHERMENT T(ROUG( ACT&ON#COOPERAT&ON AN- (ARMON* TOHAR-S E-UCAT&ONA) RE+ORMS# &NC.# anABONO# Petitione"s#'s.COMM&SS&ON ON E)ECT&ONS# Responent.

- E C & S & O N

CARP&O#J.:

The Case

Petitione" in G.R. No. 1!$0!1 I Ba"an5a Association fo" National A'ance


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an Pa5alun5an# Ma5uinanao4

Ma>i


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H(EREAS# e>cept fo" Ba5on5 Alansan5 Ta5apa5ta5uo n5 Ahi9ain5Sa


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The p"ocla


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H(EREAS# base on the abo'e Repo"t# 6uhay (ayaan Iumabong3Buha4obtaine the hi5hest nuNo. of aitionalseats allocate

to ;"st pa"t

H(EREAS# applin5 the abo'e fo"


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C&BAC 1.08 1

GABR&E)A 1. 1

APEC 1. 1

A TEAC(ER .8

A,BA*AN .!8 A)AGA- .!1

BUT&) ./$

COOPLNATCO ./$

ANA,PAH&S ./0

ARC ./

ABONO .!

NOH T(ERE+ORE# b 'i"tue of the po2e"s 'este in it b the Constitution#Oecuti'e O"e" No. 166# Republic Act Nos. //6/# !1//#!$61 an othe" elections la2s# the Co


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This pe"tains to the Petition to P"oclai< the +ull Nu


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-. -alai5# (ea# NBC )e5al G"oup# to -EN* the he"ein petition of BANAT fo" bein5


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BANAT b"ou5ht the follo2in5 issues befo"e this Cou"t?

1. &s the t2ent pe"cent allocation fo" pa"tLlist "ep"esentati'es p"o'ie inSection 304# A"ticle =& of the Constitution cess of @u"isiction 2hen it i


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. &s the t2o pe"cent th"eshol p"esc"ibe in Section 113b4 of RA !$61to Fualif fo" one seat constitutionalQ

6. (o2 shall the pa"tLlist "ep"esentati'e seats be allocateQ

. -oes the Constitution p"ohibit the


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Section 11. 4umber of &arty3+ist )epresentaties.I The pa"tLlist "ep"esentati'esshall constitute t2ent pe" centu< 30X4 of the total nu


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&n ete"


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3b4 "an9 the< acco"in5 to the nu


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$ COOPLNATCCO 6$#88 / GRECON /0#00

1 BUT&) 6$#1/ ! BTM /#$$

11 BATAS 8#81 8 A SM&)E 8#!1!

10 ARC !6#088 $ NE)++& !#8!0

1 ANA,PAH&S !#0/1 / A,SA !#1016 ABONO $#$$ /1 BAGO #86/

1 AM&N 8#18 /0 BAN-&)A 6#!1

1/ AGAP 08#!06 / A(ON 6#00

1! AN HARA* 01# /6 ASA(AN MO 1#!00

18 *ACAP 1#88$ / AGB&AGW #8!

1$ +P%PM #$0 // SP& #6!8

0 UN&LMA- 06#80 /! BA(AN-& 6/#/10

01 ABS 0#8/ /8 A-- 6#/06

00 ,A,USA 008#$$$ /$ AMANG 6#/0

0 ,ABATAAN 008#/! ! ABA* PARA, 60#080

06 ABALA,O 018#818 !1 BABAE ,A /#10

0 A)&+ 01!#800 !0 SB 6#8

0/ SEN&ORC&T&ENS

01#8 ! ASAP 6#$8

0! AT 1$!#8!0 !6 PEP #$8

08 =+P 1$/#0// ! ABA &)ONGGO #$

0$ ANA- 188#01 !/ =EN-ORS #/$1

BANAT 1!!#08 !! A--LTR&BA) 0#8$/1 ANG

,ASANGGA1!#1 !8 A)MANA 0#0

0 BANTA* 1/$#81 !$ AANGAT ,AP&)&P&NO

0$#1

ABA,A-A 1//#!6! 8 AAPS 0/#0!1

6 1LUTA, 1/6#$8 81 (AP& 0#!81

TUCP 1/0#/6! 80 AAHAS 00#$6// COCO+E- 1#$0 8 SM 0#!66

! AG(AM 16/#0 86 AG 1/#$1/

8 ANA, 161#81! 8 AG&NG P&NO* 1/#!0$

$ ABANSEWP&NA*

1#/ 8/ APO 1/#601

Pa5e 67of 291


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6 PM 11$#6 8! B&*A*ANGBU,&-

1/#061

61 A=E 11#!/$ 88 ATS 16#1/1

60 SUARA 11#!0 8$ UM-% $#66

6 ASSA)AM 11#66 $ BU,)O-+&)&P&NA

8#$1

66 -&HA 1!#01 $1 )*PA- 8#6!1

6 ANC $$#// $0 AAL,ASOS*O 8#6/

6/ SAN)A,AS $!#! $ ,ASAP& /#001

6! ABC $#8 TOTA) 1#$#$

The ;"st clause of Section 113b4 of R.A. No. !$61 states that 7pa"ties#o"5ani:ations# an coalitions "ecei'in5 at least t2o pe"cent 30X4 of the total 'otescast fo" the pa"tLlist sste< shall be entitle to one seat each.7 This clause5ua"antees a seat to the t2oLpe"cente"s. &n Table 0 belo2# 2e use the ;"st 0pa"tLlist caniates fo" illust"ation pu"poses. The pe"centa5e of 'otes 5a"ne"eb each pa"t is a""i'e at b i'iin5 the nu


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16 ABONO $#$$ 0.1X 1

1 AM&N 8#18 0.10X 1

1/ AGAP 08#!06 0./X 1

1! AN HARA* 01# 0.0X 1

Total 1!18 *ACAP 1#88$ 1.$X

1$ +P%PM #$0 1.8$X

0 UN&LMA- 06#80 1.6X

+"o< Table 0 abo'e# 2e see that onl 1! pa"tLlist caniates "ecei'e at least 0Xf"o< the total nu


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&n ete"


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0 BA*ANMUNA

$!$#$

/.16X 1 0. N.A.

C&BAC!#/8

/6.!6X 1 1.8 0 N.A.

6 GABR&E)

A

/01#1!

1

.8$X 1 1.68 0 N.A.

APEC /1$#/!

.88X 1 1.68 0 N.A.

/ATeache"

6$#!$

.!X 1 1.1! 0 N.A.

! A,BA*AN 6//#110

0.$0X 1 1.11 0 N.A.

8 A)AGA-60#16

$ 0./X 1 1.1 0 N.A.

$1COOPLNATCCO

6$#88

0.!X 1 1 0 N.A.

1 BUT&) 6$#1/

0.!X 1 1 0 N.A.

11 BATAS 8#81

0.60X 1 1 0 N.A.

10 ARC !6#088

0.X 1 1 0 N.A.

1 ANA,PAH&S

!#0/1

0.0X 1 1 0 N.A.

16 ABONO $#$$

0.1X 1 1 0 N.A.

1 AM&N8#18

0.10X 1 1 0 N.A.

1/ AGAP 08#!06

0./X 1 1 0 N.A.

1! ANHARA*

01#

0.0X 1 1 0 N.A.

18 *ACAP1#88

$1.$X 1 1 N.A.

1$ +P%PM #$0

1.8$X 1 1 N.A.

0 UN&LMA- 06#80

1.6X 1 1 N.A.

01 ABS0#8

/1.6!X 1 1 N.A.

00 ,A,USA 008#$$$

1.66X 1 1 N.A.

Pa5e 71of 291
http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2009/apr2009/gr_179271_2009.html#fnt31http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2009/apr2009/gr_179271_2009.html#fnt31


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0 ,ABATAAN

008#/!

1.6X 1 1 N.A.

06 ABALA,O018#81

81.!X 1 1 N.A.

0 A)&+ 01!#80

0

1.!X 1 1 N.A.

0/ SEN&ORC&T&ENS

01#8

1.6X 1 1 N.A.

0! AT1$!#8!

01.06X 1 1 N.A.

08 =+P 1$/#0//

1.0X 1 1 N.A.

0$ ANA-188#0

1 1.18X 1 1 N.A.

BANAT1!!#0

81.11X 1 1 N.A.

1ANG,ASANGGA

1!#1

1.!X 1 1 N.A.

0 BANTA*1/$#8

11./X 1 1 N.A.

ABA,A-A

1//#!6!

1.X 1 1 N.A.

6 1LUTA,1/6#$8

1.X 1 1 N.A.

TUCP1/0#/6

!1.0X 1 1 N.A.

/COCO+E

-

1#$0

.$8X 1 1 N.A.

Total

1!

Applin5 the p"oceu"e of seat allocation as illust"ate in Table abo'e# the"e a"e pa"tLlist "ep"esentati'es f"o< the / 2innin5 pa"tLlist o"5ani:ations. All a'ailable pa"tLlist seats a"e ;lle. The aitional seats allocate to the pa"ties2ith suDcient nucee a total ofth"ee seats fo" each pa"t# a"e sho2n in colu


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plu"alistic societ th"ou5h a


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MR. MONSO-. (ini po "ese"'e ion 9asi anbo can "un the"e. But


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"e5iste"e 2ith the Co


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The Fuali;cations of pa"tLlist no


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78/291

hans# the ;she" fol9# the u"ban poo"# e'en those in the une"5"oun


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ible0X th"eshol 'ote "eFui"e fo" entitle


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81/291

On the basis of this fo" .0 Y 1

*et# b 'i"tue of the "i5i 0X th"eshol "eFui"e


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This# to


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&n li5ht of the fo"e5oin5 isFuisition# 2hat then o 2e use as the no"< fo" a


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Manila

EN BANC

G.R. No. 8/60 +eb"ua" 10# 1$$

EM&)&O C. MAC&AS# & petitione"#

's.(ON. COMM&SS&ON ON E)ECT&ONS AN- (ERM&N&O G. TE=ES# "esponents.

+enin ). 8ictoriano and 8ictoriano +. Ti"on for petitioner.

&ablo #. Cabahug for priate respondent.

PARAS#J.:

[uestione in this petition fo" ce"tio"a"i a"e the o"e"s of the "esponent

Co


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86/291

Anent the secon issue# petitione" a"5ues that because p"i'ate "esponent faileto alle5e in his o"i5inal petition that he 7ul ;le a ce"ti;cate of caniac#7"esponent COME)EC i not acFui"e @u"isiction o'e" the election p"otest.

Petitione"Ks a"5u


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- E C & S & O N

BR&ON#J.?

Befo"e us is the petition fo" certiorari# p"ohibition# an


88/291

Since the Cou"t i not 5"ant the petitione"Ks p"ae" fo" a tecept fo" the issue of the hie"a"ch of cou"ts "ule# 2e ;n the petition totall2ithout


89/291

The Sup"eceptions to the "ule# a"e petitions fo"certiorari' p"ohibition# mandamus an !uowarrantoa5ainst ou" nationKs la2


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34 Each le5islati'e ist"ict shall cot of A"ticle = Section is political"ep"esentation an the


91/291

c"ite"ia establishe in the local 5o'e"n


92/291

featu"e of "epublican institutions7 as e>p"esse in the leain5 case of Macias .C$M#+#C.1The case "ule that ineFualit of "ep"esentation is a @usticiable# not apolitical issue# 2hich "ulin5 2as "eite"ate in Montejo . C$M#+#C.0Notabl# noissue "e5a"in5 the holin5 of a plebiscite e'e" ca


93/291

The Constitution e;nes the< as entities that Con5"ess can# b la2# c"eate#i'ie# abolish#


94/291

San55unian5 Pan5lunso# ho2e'e"# is not i"ectl t"aceable to R.A. No. $!1 butto anothe" la2 L R.A. No. ///61L 2hose Section p"o'ies?

SECT&ON . Othe" Cities. L The p"o'ision of an la2 to the cont"a"not2ithstanin5 the Cit of Cebu# Cit of -a'ao# an an othe" cit 2ith


95/291

The petitione"# unfo"tunatel# i not p"o'ie info"


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AURE)&O M. UMA) Petitione"#'s.COMM&SS&ON ON E)ECT&ONS# %U)&US CESAR =. =ERGARA# an T(E C&T*GO=ERNMENT O+ CABANATUAN# Responents.

> L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L >

G.R. No. 06!1%.=. BAUT&STA# Petitione"#'s.COMM&SS&ON ON E)ECT&ONS# Responent.

- E C & S & O N

=E)ASCO# %R.#J.:

Befo"e the Cou"t is the consoliate case fo" Petition fo" Ce"tio"a"i an P"ohibition

2ith p"ae" fo" in@uncti'e "elief# oc9et as G.R. No. 0$!6# assailin5 MinuteResolution No. 10L!$!1an Minute Resolution No. 10L$00ate Septe


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chan5e in thei" "i5hts an "esponsibilities. The ph"ase 7Fuali;e 'ote"s the"ein7use in Sec. 6 of the )GC shoul then be inte"p"ete to "efe" to the Fuali;e'ote"s of the units i"ectl aecte b the con'e"sion an not @ust those in theco


98/291

connection 2ith the con'e"sion of Cabanatuan Cit into an (UC. The Resolutionset the conuct of the plebiscite on -ece


99/291

Sec. 6 of the )GC shoul be inte"p"ete in acco"ance 2ith Sec. 1# A"t. of theConstitution

Petitione" Uceptions allo2e in the Constitution# napo"t Fuotas# tonna5e an 2ha"fa5e ues# an othe" uties o"i


100/291

T"ue enou5h# Con5"ess ele5ate such po2e" to the San55unian5 Panlala2i5an o"San55unian5 Panlun5so to c"eate ba"an5as pu"suant to Sec. / of the )GC#2hich p"o'ies?

Section /. Autho"it to C"eate )ocal Go'e"n


101/291

Responents# ho2e'e"# posit that Sec. 6 of the )GC is actuall outsie thea


102/291

As the ph"ase i


103/291

He no2 ta9e the bull b the ho"ns an "esol'e the issue 2hethe" Sec. 6 of the)GC t"enches on Sec. 1# A"t. of the Constitution.

(o"nboo9 oct"ine is that neithe" the le5islati'e# the e>ecuti'e# no" the @uicia"has the po2e" to act beon the ConstitutionVs >

Applin5 this o"thoo> 'ie2# a la2 shoul be const"ue in ha"


104/291

ete" > >

To fo"< the ne2 p"o'ince of Ne5"os el No"te no less than th"ee cities an ei5ht


105/291

c"ite"ia establishe in the local 5o'e"n


106/291

Senato" Guin5ona. *es. So# the enti"e


107/291

constituencies of the p"o'ince# eecti'el "eucin5 the latte"Vs population. Ta9in5this ec"ease in te""ito" an population in connection 2ith the abo'e fo"cluin5

CabanatuanCit

Reuction

Base onPopulation

P8#!!0#/18.6

P/88#1!6#!1.//

P110#$!#8//.!$

Base on )an

A"ea

P0/#6!#6!0./

0

P0#1!#$6.

/

P

10#$0#8!8./Total P10##!66.8

Clea" as c"stal is that the p"o'ince of Nue'a Eci@a 2ill sue" a substantial"euction of its sha"e in &RA once Cabanatuan Cit attains autonoes#0!an ain5 po2e" because it is in no 2a ep"i'e of its"i5ht to collect the es f"o< the "est of its te""ito"# the con'e"sion2ill still "euce the p"o'inceVs ta>in5 @u"isiction# an co"olla" to this# it 2ille>pe"ience a co""esponin5 ec"ease in sha"es in local ta> collections. This

Pa5e 107of 291
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"euction in both ta>in5 @u"isiction an sha"es poses a


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Sec 10. Cities that a"e hi5hl u"bani:e# as ete"pecte to oppose thecon'e"sion in o"e" to "etain the citVs epenence is speculati'e at best. &n ane'ent# an 'ote of isapp"o'al cast b those i"ectl aecte b the con'e"sion isa 'ali e>e"cise of thei" "i5ht to su"a5e# an ou" e


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o"e"e to conuct a plebiscite fo" the pu"pose of con'e"tin5 Cabanatuan Cit intoa (i5hl U"bani:e Cit to be pa"ticipate in b the Fuali;e "e5iste"e 'ote"s ofNue'a Eci@ a 2ithin 10 as f"o< the ;nalit of this -ecision. The Petition fo"Mana


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On Ma"ch 0# 1$$# petitione" A5apito A. AFuino ;le his Ce"ti;cate of Caniacfo" the position of Rep"esentati'e fo" the ne2 Secon )e5islati'e -ist"ict of Ma9atiCit. A


112/291

On Ma !# 1$$# Mo'e Ma9ati an Mateo Beon ;le a Motion fo" Reconsie"ationof the Ma /# 1$$ "esolution 2ith the COME)EC en banc.

Mean2hile# on Ma 8# 1$$# elections 2e"e hel. &n Ma9ati Cit 2he"e th"ee 34caniates 'ie fo" the con5"essional seat in the Secon -ist"ict# petitione"5a"ne"e thi"t ei5ht thousan ;'e hun"e fo"t se'en 38#6!4 'otes as a5ainstanothe" caniate# A5usto S@uco# 2ho obtaine thi"t ;'e thousan nine hun"e

ten 3#$14 'otes.1

On Ma 1# 1$$# p"i'ate "esponents Mo'e Ma9ati an Beon ;le an U"5entMotionAd Cautelumto Suspen P"ocla


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On the sa


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T(E COME)ECKS +&N-&NG O+ NONLCOMP)&ANCE H&T( T(E RES&-ENC*RE[U&REMENT O+ ONE *EAR AGA&NST T(E PET&T&ONER &S CONTRAR* TOE=&-ENCE AN- TO APP)&CAB)E )AHS AN- %UR&SPRU-ENCE.

E

&N AN* CASE# T(E COME)EC CR&T&CA))* ERRE- &N +A&)&NG TO APPREC&ATE

T(E )EGA) &MPOSS&B&)&T* O+ EN+ORC&NG T(E ONE *EAR RES&-ENC*RE[U&REMENT O+ CONGRESS&ONA) CAN-&-ATES &N NEH)* CREATE-PO)&T&CA) -&STR&CTS H(&C( HERE ON)* E&ST&NG +OR )ESS T(AN A *EARAT T(E T&ME O+ T(E E)ECT&ON AN- BARE)* +OUR MONT(S &N T(E CASE O+PET&T&ONERKS -&STR&CT &N MA,AT& O+ CONGRESS&ONA).

+

T(E COME)EC COMM&TTE- SER&OUS ERROR AMOUNT&NG TO )AC, O+%UR&S-&CT&ON H(EN &T OR-ERE- T(E BOAR- O+ CAN=ASSERS TO7-ETERM&NE AN- PROC)A&M T(E H&NNER OUT O+ T(E REMA&N&NG[UA)&+&E- CAN-&-ATES7 A+TER T(E ERRONEOUS -&S[UA)&+&CAT&ON O+*OUR PET&T&ONER &N T(AT SUC( -&RECT&=E &S &N TOTA) -&SREGAR- O+ T(EHE)) SETT)E- -OCTR&NE T(AT A SECON- P)ACE CAN-&-ATE OR PERSONH(O HAS REPU-&ATE- B* T(E E)ECTORATE &S A )OSER AN- CANNOT BEPROC)A&ME- AS SUBST&TUTEH&NNER.1

&

&n his ;"st th"ee assi5n


115/291

been establishe the 2inne" of the electo"al e>e"cise f"o< the


116/291


117/291

he 2as also a "e5iste"e 'ote" of the sa


118/291

an lac9s basis in lo5ic. A ne2 political ist"ict is not c"eate out of thin ai". &t isca"'e out f"o< pa"t of a "eal an e>istin5 5eo5"aphic a"ea# in this case the olMunicipalit of Ma9ati. That people actuall li'e o" 2e"e othi5he" nu


119/291

the ees of the la2. As a "esult# this Cou"t uphel the p"oclaistent 'otes because aisFuali;e caniate is no caniate at all in the ees of the la2#7 "e'e"tin5 toou" ea"lie" "ulin5 in Ticson .Comelec.

&n the t hi5he" nu


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>hile it is true that at hi5hest nu


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&nee# this has been the "ule in the Unite States since 186$ 3State e> "el.-unnin5 '. Giles# 0 A


122/291

SO OR-ERE-.

)egalado' Melo' &uno and (ermosisima' Jr.' JJ.' concur.

5eliciano' J.' is on leae.

Sepa"ate Opinions

PA-&))A#J.' concu""in5?

& a5"ee 2ith the conclusion "eache b the cept the pa"tlist "ep"esentati'es# a "e5iste"e 'ote" in the ist"ict in 2hich he shall beelecte#and a resident thereof for a period of not less than one yearimmediately preceding the day of the election. 3e


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oes not p"o'e that petitione" actuall an phsicall "esie the"ein fo" the sa


124/291


125/291

;le his Co


126/291

p. $047.$Notin5 that petitione" is al"ea ba""e f"o< "unnin5 fo" senato" ue tothe constitutional consecuti'e t2oLte"< li


127/291

noLcaniateLno 'ote. Petitione" ha the"efo"e no "i5ht# in fact an in la2# to claiiste an coul not# the"efo"e# be


133/291


134/291

one intens to "etu"n. . . . Resience thus acFui"e# ho2e'e"# >>> >>>

Sec. !0. #ects of dis!uali0cation cases and priority. I The Co


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'iolation of this Act to the en that a ;nal ecision shall be "ene"e notlate" than se'en as befo"e the election in 2hich the isFuali;cation issou5ht.

An caniate 2ho has been ecla"e b ;nal @u5


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3Ma9asia"#J.4 anothe" too9 no pa"t# 3AFuino#J.4 an t2o othe"s 2e"e onlea'e. 3+e"nano# C.J. an Concepcion# %".#J.4 The"e the Cou"t hel?

. . . it 2oul be e>t"e


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+o" this "eason# & a< of the opinion that the COME)EC ha no @u"isiction o'e" SPANo. $L11 that its p"oceein5s in SPA No. $L11# incluin5 the Fuestioneo"e"s# a"e 'oi an that the Fuali;cations of petitione" A5apito A. AFuino fo" theposition of Rep"esentati'e of the Secon -ist"ict of the Cit of Ma9ati


138/291

to t"ansfe" his le5al "esience so he can Fualif fo" public oDce# he is f"ee to oso.7 3seep. 0# Petition4.

Petitione" e'ientl 2ants to iecution.State othe"2ise# the lease cont"act tells us that petitione" ha been leasin5 acono


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distinguere debemus32he"e the la2 oes not istin5uish# 2e shoul notistin5uish.4

At this point# 2hat & sai in Ma"cos# supra# follo2s?

Hhat happens then 2hen afte" the elections a"e o'e"# one is ecla"eisFuali;eQ Then# 'otes cast fo" hi< 7shall not be counte7 an in le5al

conte


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Ans2e"# as 2ell as in his Me


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be suppo"te b a clea" an con'incin5 p"oofs that petitione" has eecti'elabanone his fo"


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election. +u"the"


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caniac is false. Hhat is bein5 attac9e the"ein is the petitione"Ks lac9 of theoneLea" "esience Fuali;cation in the ne2 Secon )e5islati'e -ist"ict of Ma9atiCit 2he"e he sou5ht to he electe fo" the oDce of Con5"essistin5 la2s. &n its o"i5inalfo"


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Sec. 10. ,is!uali0cation. I An pe"son 2ho has been ecla"e bco


145/291

#55#CT< of dis!uali0cationcases. &t can onl "efe" to theprocedurep"o'ie inSection of the sai Act on nuisance caniates 2hich "eas as follo2s?

Sec. . &rocedure in Cases of 4uisance Candidates. I A 'e"i;e petition toecla"e a ul "e5iste"e caniate as a nuisance caniate une" Section /$ .fBatas Pa


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such election# his 'iolation of the p"o'isions of the p"ecein5 sections shall notp"e'ent his p"ocla


147/291

Penin5 the "esolution of the petitione"sK Motion fo" Reconsie"ation ;le onMa !# 1$$ U"5ent MotionAd Cautelamto Suspen P"ocla


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t"ansience of a constitution belittles its basic function an 2ea9ens its 5oals. Aconstitution


149/291

&n election cases# the Cou"t t"eats o


150/291

6ATA< &AM6A4>> >>> >>>

Sec. !0. #ects of dis!uali0cation cases and priority. I The Coa


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Phil. 084 2as suppo"te b ten


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une" section !6 is false.7 The"e 2as no alle5ation that in statin5 in his ce"ti;cateof caniac that he is a "esient of A


153/291

EN BANC

G.R No. 188!8 Ma"ch 1# 01

=&CTOR&NO B. A)-ABA# CAR)O %O)ETTE S. +A%AR-O# %U)&O G. MORA-A# anM&NER=A A)-ABA MORA-A# Petitione"s#'s.

COMM&SS&ON ON E)ECT&ONS# Responent.R E S O ) U T & O N

CARP&O#J.:

This "esol'es the


154/291

&t cess of @u"isiction on thepa"t of an b"anch o" inst"u


155/291


156/291

to2n of Bulacan isolate f"o< the "est of the 5eo5"aphic


157/291


Manila

EN BANC

G.R. No. 0061 Septe


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the "i5hts of the petitione" to e>e"cise his oDce as Senato" an that he en@o all ofhis p"e"o5ati'es# p"i'ile5es# an e


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The cont"ollin5 case in this @u"isiction on the sub@ect is ecution of an Act of Con5"ess b An"e2 %ohnson# is "eliefa5ainst its e>ecution b the P"esient. . . .

Pa5e 159of 291


160/291

Suthe"lan s.Go'e"no" of Michi5an# supra# 2ell 9no2n to the le5al f"ate"nit onaccount of bein5 2"itten b %u5e Coole# "elate to an applicationfo" mandamusto the Go'e"no" to co>>

&t is not atte


161/291


162/291

Senate. But this be5s the Fuestion. &f 2e ha'e no autho"it to cont"ol thePhilippine Senate# 2e ha'e no autho"it to cont"ol the actions of subo"inateee"cise a po2e" that oes not belon5 to it. On the othe" han# no consie"ationof polic o" con'enience shoul inuce this cou"t to su""ene" a po2e" 2hich it isits ut to e>e"cise. But ce"tainl mandamusshoul ne'e" issue f"o< this cou"t

2he"e it 2ill not p"o'e to be eectual an bene;cial. &t shoul not be a2a"e2he"e it 2ill c"eate isco" an confusion. &t shoul not be a2a"e 2he"e


163/291

$$4# 2hen 2e ha une" pa"ticula" consie"ation a le5islati'e atte


164/291

The Sup"ecept to 5i'e the pa"ticula" "easons 2hich inuce


165/291

Gene"al cannot appoint one an the people cannot elect one u"in5 the pe"io ofsuspension. The a"e 2ithout "ep"esentation u"in5 that pe"io. The a"e# fo" thepe"io of suspension# ta>e 2ithout "ep"esentation. &f a


166/291

unfo"tunate conition 2oul e>ist of an oDce# I an oDce"# I but no 'acanc#an of no one 2hose "i5ht an ut it 2as to e>ecute the oDce. &n the case ofCopel anelecti'e


167/291

ecisions inicates that the cou"ts 2ill ne'e" ta9e @u"isiction to cont"ol# o"e"# o"i"ect eithe" the e>ecuti'e o" le5islati'e epa"t


168/291

pu"pose of in!uiringinto such alle5e ille5al ep"i'ation an to istence of the ie"ent epa"t


169/291

'aliit an fo"ce an the pe"petuation of stable an o"e"l 5o'e"n


170/291

The house of "ep"esentati'es has the po2e"# une" the constitution# toie"cise an not abuse# then theoDcial o" epa"tecuti'e epa"t


171/291

epa"t


172/291

3d4 6orromeo s. Mariano361 Phil.# 004# 2he"e the action of the Go'e"no"LGene"al 2as p"onounce ille5al.

Secon.Acts of the +egislatie ,epartment of the EoernmentI

3a4 Concepcion s. &aredes360 Phil.# $$4# 2he"e the act of the le5islati'eepa"t


173/291

Abuea s. >ood# 6 Phil.# /10.

&n 'ie2 of the fo"e5oin5 a"5u


174/291


175/291

of the citi:en# an e'en his life# a5ainst the e>e"cise of unlawful authorityon thepa"t of the e>ecuti'e an le5islati'e b"anches of the 5o'e"n


176/291

sli5htest e5"ee the ecisions he"etofo"e announce in the cases of ood#anAbuea s. >ood# abo'e cite. &n those cases the cou"ts 2e"e calle upon to"eFui"e one o" both of the othe" t2o coo"inate epa"t


177/291

ac9no2le5e "i5ht of the @uicial epa"tistence e'en in the


178/291

6. The le5islati'e po2e" an p"oceu"e of the Senate e"cise inconfo"


179/291


180/291

Spea9e" "ule that the bill ha not passe the house 2ith the "eFuisite ecution of the Reconst"uction Acts# is "eFui"e to pe"fo"< a > >>> >>>

=e" ie"ent is the ut of the P"esient in the e>e"cise of the po2e" to seethat the la2s a"e faithfull e>ecute# an a


181/291


182/291

these cases# an "eFui"es the sa


183/291

iscussion of othe" 5"ouns fo" the ecision las it open to the saists# this ecla"ation o" conclusion is conclusi'e a5ainst the @uicialepa"t


184/291


185/291

Coistent pa"ts of a "esolution of one of the b"anches of the)e5islatu"e 2hich# if e>ecute# 2ill "esult in an enc"oach


186/291

t2o othe" senato"s to be appointe b the Go'e"no"LGene"al. &n the lan5ua5e ofthe Act# the appointi'e senato"s 7shall hol oDce until "e


187/291

a c"i


188/291


189/291

MEN-OA#J.:

This case p"esents fo" ete"


190/291

Cesa" Bo"@a on Septe


191/291

a5ainst the e>cessi'e accu ea"s# in the case of the =iceLP"esient# unli


192/291

MR. GASCON. An the Fuestion that 2e left behin befo"e I if theGentle ea"sQ

MR. -A=&-E. &f the Gentle


193/291


194/291

Case 4o. . SupposeAis a 'iceLt election# he "esi5ns anis t2ice electe the"eafte". Can he "un a5ain fo"


195/291

SO OR-ERE-.


Manila

EN BANC

G.R. No. )L0801 Ma"ch 6# 1$6$%OSE A=E)&NO# petitione"#'s.MAR&ANO %. CUENCO# "esponent.

8icente J. 5rancisco for petitioner.$%ce of the tene opinion# this is no22"itten b"ieJ to e>plain the p"incipal 5"ouns fo" the enial.

Pa5e 195of 291


196/291

The Cou"t belie'es the follo2in5 essential facts ha'e been establishe?

&n the session of the Senate of +eb"ua" 18# 1$6$# Senato" )o"en:o M. Taaa"eFueste that his "i5ht to spea9 on the ne>t session a# +eb"ua" 01# 1$6$# tofo"t


197/291


198/291

to ta9e co5ni:ance of the =e"a case e'en if the "i5hts of the electo"s of thesuspene senato"s 2e"e alle5e aecte without any immediate remedy. Afo"tio"i 2e shoul abstain in this case because the selection of the p"esiin5oDce" aect onl the Senato"s theecuti'e tothe "esponent


199/291


200/291


201/291

ne5lect to


202/291

Petitione"Ks 'e"sion of the facts# as alle5e in his petition# is to the eect that onMona# +eb"ua" 01# 1$6$# at the ti


203/291

3b4 Althou5h a suDcient nu


204/291

3j4 Senato" -a'i "eite"ate his hibit 707. Put a 'ote# the sai Resolution2as unani


205/291

ep"i'e the Senate of its "i5ht an p"e"o5ati'e to elibe"ate on Senate ResolutionNo. /8# E>hibit 717# an that 2hen the petitione" "eali:e that a


206/291

oes# a pu"el political Fuestion# the ete"p"ess p"ohibition of theConstitution# it cannot be i'este.

SEC. 0. The Con5"ess shall ha'e the po2e" to e;ne# p"esc"ibe# anappo"tion the @u"isiction of the 'a"ious cou"t# but


207/291

but 2hen the le5al Fuestions a"e "aise in a liti5ation li9ein the p"esent case# thep"ope" cou"t has the function# the p"o'ince an the "esponsibilit to ecie theclusi'elappe"tainin5 to the )e5islati'e -epa"t


208/291


209/291

The in'esti5ation o"e"e b P"esient [ui"ino# A'elino sai# 2as aesec"ation of the as an not [ui"ino that sue"s bit# because [ui"inoKs a


210/291

Chin5 )on5 Co.# )t.# a Chinese conce"n# in fa'o" of 7cash7# in the a


211/291

H(EREAS# the hono"# i5nit an p"esti5e of the people an of the


212/291

sub


213/291

&))EGA) A-%OURNMENT

A e"cise b an sin5le ini'iual# 2ithout usu"pation of thecollecti'e p"e"o5ati'es. &t is too t"e


214/291


215/291

upon an a"ti;cial o" it of theConstitution itself o" b the soun p"ocesses of "eason.

+o" all the fo"e5oin5# 2e conclue that?

1. The le5al an constitutional issues "aise b the petitione" in this case#not2ithstanin5 thei" political natu"e an ip"essl confe""e to the Sup"ep"ess p"ohibition of the Constitution. Shoul the"e beanalo5ous cont"o'e"s bet2een t2o clai


216/291

of petitione" an "esponent of thei" "especti'e suppo"te"s in the Senate in ta9in5the


217/291

Hhen 2e "eFui"e a


218/291

th"ee sepa"ate 5o'e"ncept 2hat in conscience 2ebelie'e is beco


219/291

cuestion e si el 5"upo e senao"es Fue eli5io al "ecu""io coistia icha faculta# puesto Fue cuano icho 5"upo se "eunio no habiaun !uorump"esente e confo"


220/291

e le'anta


221/291

ete"


222/291

TUASON#J.' issentin5?

& a5"ee 2ith M". %ustice B"ionesK issentin5 opinion# that the t2el'e senato"s 2hoelecte Senato" Cuenco Actin5 P"esient of the Senate i not constitutea !uorum an# conseFuentl# that his election 2as ille5al.

&t appea"s to


223/291

An action fo" usu"pation of oDce of f"anchise e"cise apublic oDce# o" a f"anchise# o" an oDce in a co"po"ation c"eate b autho"itof la2

> > > > > > > > >This p"o'ision b its te"tens to e'e" oDce. &ts scope oes not e>clueoDce"s appointe b the le5islati'e b"anch of the 5o'e"n


224/291

"ulin5 is in confo"


225/291


226/291

But &


227/291


228/291

factions# enou5h selfL"est"aint has been sho2n to a'oi an clash of fo"ces.&nee the"e is no enin5 that the situation# as abstainin5 in the uppe" chaplosi'e. &t ha echoe in the (ouse of theRep"esentati'es. &t has al"ea in'ol'e in the (ouse of the Rep"esentati'es. &thas al"ea in'ol'e the P"esient of the Philippines. The situation has c"eate a'e"itable national c"isis# an it is appa"ent that solution cannot be e>pecte f"oa > > 7 3Eecuti'e -epa"t


273/291

e>ecuti'e po2e" is 'este# hence# beon the "each of Con5"ess e>ceptth"ou5h the po2e" of i


274/291

"ene" such acts less le5islati'e in natu"e. A 5oo e>aecuti'e po2e" to

ente" o" not to ente" into a cont"act to secu"e fo"ei5n loans oes not becoecuti'e in natu"e because of conitions lai o2n in the Constitution. The ;nalecision in the e>e"cise of the sai e>ecuti'e po2e" is still lo5e in the ODce ofthe P"esient.

6. The doctrine of operational proximity was laid down precisely to limit thescope of the presidential communications priilege but' in any case' it is notconclusie.

i


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test lai o2n inJudicial >atch' nc. . ,epartment of Justice.08This 5oes to sho2that the ope"ational p"o>iipane

2ith the use of the ope"ational p"o>i


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isclosu"e of all the


277/291

The"e is f"eFuent c"iticis< of the sec"ec in 2hich ne5otiation 2ith fo"ei5npo2e"s on nea"l all sub@ects is conce"ne. This# it is claite"nal "ealecuti'e can eecti'el ischa"5e constitutional functionsin the face of intense an unchec9e le5islati'e incu"sion into the co"e of theP"esientVs ecisionL


278/291

5o'e"n


279/291

these "i5hts belon5 to Con5"ess# not to the ini'iual citi:en. &t is 2o"thecuti'e p"i'ile5e is that the p"esu


280/291

7... this p"esu> >>> >>>

The "i5ht to the p"ouction of all e'ience at a c"i


281/291

Co


282/291

of the po2e" to le5islate an a b"oa an nonLspeci;c "efe"ence to penin5Senate bills. &t is not clea" 2hat ecuti'eA5"ee


283/291

& belie'e that


284/291

actions an thei" political acceptabilit than on a p"ecise "econst"uction of paste'ents. &t ae that# no"


285/291


286/291

la2s to ete"ecuti'e#5ene"ates its o2n abuses. ConseFuentl# clai


287/291

A secon conce"n that


288/291

7The Co


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0/. +u"the"# the clai< that the Senate is a continuin5 bo thus# it is not"eFui"e to "epublish the Rules# unless the sa


290/291

Section 1/ of the Senate Rules Fuote abo'e ta9es into account the ne2cop"esse in Section 01# A"ticle =& of theConstitution.


291/291

@ust an o"ina" 2itness he is a hi5hL "an9in5 oDcial in a coLeFual b"anch of5o'e"n

compilation of pol cases

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