COMPARISSON OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR CONNECTING BUSINESS PROCESSES AMONG ENTERPRISES

Maja Punik, dr. Marjan Heriko

IndexIntroducing the problemNeeds of the marketExisting technologiesEvaluationsConclusion

1. Introducing the problemGlobal electronic marketplace Big enterprisesMedium enterprisesSmall enterprisesB2BB2BB2BB2BB2B

The main subjectebXML, XLANG, RosettaNetadvantagesdisadvantagesMulti-criteria decision modelThe most optimal solution !

2. Needs of the marketEffective description of business processes,Business process management,Workflow automatization.

B2B + global electronic market

3. Existing technologiesService description and transport bindingEnd point descriptionPublic collaborative processPrivate processContracts / agreementsWSDLebXML CPPWSELebXML BPSSBPMLWSCLWSFLXLANGebXML CPARosettaNetEnd point descriptionPublic collaborative processPrivate processContracts / agreementsWSDLebXML CPPWSELebXML BPSSBPMLWSCLWSFLXLANGebXML CPARosettaNet

Rate of business management 10203040506012%4%54%29%No initiativeEarly phase of evaluatingBPM solutionsFinal phase of developmentRegular use of BPM software

ebXMLElectronic Business eXtensible Markup Language

ebXML

Architecture and implementation: flexibility interoperability of contents according to standardsReliable and safe communication infrastructure

Mechanism for modeling business information and processesBased on EDIexperience, supported byOASIS and UN/CEFACT

ebXML securityPrivacyAuthenticationAuthorizationIntegrityNon-repudiation Elements of security

ebXML summaryCost reductionSafety and securitySimple and effectiveMultilingual supportAccordingly with standardsSuitable for companiesof all sizes

XLANG

XLANGfor describing business processes inside the BizTalk initiative;

focused fully on public processes.

supports long-term operations and nesting.

XLANGIts main features include:Behavior ActionsControl flowCorrelationsContextService managementPort mappingenabling technology business imperative

XLANGFor public processes onlyFor long-term transactionsFlexiblePartly assured security and exception handlingEnables multiple roles in contracts

RosettaNet

RosettaNet defines business processesatomizes business processessuccess/failure notification offers general business models and documentscompromise between EDI and SOAPPartner Interface Process

RosettaNet Security features:two-way SSL, authentication, digital signatures, data encryption and non-repudiation

RosettaNet summaryUniversal tool for electronic exchange of business information PIPSafe interactionSuitable only for large industryMany supporting toolsMaturearchitecture

4. Evaluations

CriteriaUtility functionDecision modelResults

CriteriaDivided by areas:

Criteria constructing and describing processescollaboration and roles descriptionrole and collaboration modelsmall / medium / big enterprises supportBasic featuresTechnical featuresSecurity featuresStructural features9%8%2%10%

Criteria complexity and effortefficiencymaturitytools supportsynchronous communication supportasynchronous communication supportindependency from communication protocolsquality of serviceBasic featuresTechnical featuresSecurity featuresStructural features9%7%8%2%2%2%2%6%

Criteria authenticationauthorizationintegrityencryptionnon-repudiationexception handlingBasic featuresTechnical featuresSecurity featuresStructural features3%3%5%3%4%6%

Criteria claim detectiondata transformationBasic featuresTechnical featuresSecurity featuresStructural features2 %7%

Utility functionu = maximum utility,uj = utility of alternative j,ci = criteria i,Aj = alternative j (ebXML, XLANG, RosettaNet),wi = weight of criterion i,N = total number of alternatives.

Decision model

ResultsAdvantagesDisadvantagesebXMLRosettaNetXLANGYoung technologyInflexibilityNo exception handlingNo quality of serviceNo authenticationNo non-repudiation

Data transformation

MaturityLow complexity and needed effortIndependencySupport for all kinds of companies

5. ConclusionIncreasing need for suitable technologies for enabling electronic business and atomization

The most optimal technology for most of the companies is probably ebXML however, only by our set of weighted criteria

Questions?

My name is Maja Punik and I come from the Institute of informatics. In my diploma work I studied the electronic business demands and basic properties of different technologies for describing business processes, specializing on the three most applicable ones (ebXML, RosettaNet and XLANG). Today I will try to introduce you to the problem, explain the needs and demands of the market which we encountered. We have surveyed the existing technologies with emphasis on ebXML, XLANG and RosettaNet. With help of a decision model we have evaluated them by chosen criteria and chose the most suitable one, which will be explained in the conclusion

Poslovanje se seli na splet, pojavljajo se pojmi elektronska trgovina in elektronsko poslovanje. Kako podjetja sledijo tem spremembam, kako lahko svoje procese in poslovanja vkljuijo v nov spletni svet, je glavna tematika te naloge. Diplomska naloga zajema tehnologije za opisovanje poslovnih procesov ter elektronsko poslovanje, natanneje tri tehnologije: ebXML (Electronic Business Extensible Markup Language), XLANG in Rosetta.Net. I suppose it is in the interest of most companies to brighten their horizon and expand their business possibilities. The solution is in the electronic business where each company can collaborate with any other company. But technologies, especially old ones are expensive and the starting effort necessary is to big for smaller companies to handle. So the problem, which needs to be solved is to create more reachable technologies for describing business processes that will enable to all companies to reach the level of electronic business.

It has already been established that business must be altered to survive the upcoming changes and progress. As in the past, all changes are difficult to follow, but this part of evolution is especially revolutionary. To make the idea of a global marketplace and business to business (B2B) work, proper technologies, which will assure safety and efficiency, must be created. And they must be suitable for all kinds of enterprises, small and large, for ones with great money recourses and responsibilities and for the ones with limited budgets. Only with such universal technologies global market and complete serviceability will be realized.In the paper we will survey three of existing technologies (ebXML, XLANG and RosettaNet), define criterions that will evaluate them and analyze the results of decision model.There has allready been a lot of research on those technologies but only few papers with exact comparison were found ([6]), however they did not include a decision model. So it is safe to presume that in spite of the research, a comparisson with a decision model is an innovation.The paper will point out the needs of the market for such technologies and flow through existing technologies. EbXML, XLANG and RosettaNet will be described in more detail. The next step will be evaluating them with help of the criterions, we have chosen and a defined utility function. The last part of the paper will represent our results following a conclusion.So our main mission was to evaluate early mentioned technologies to see how suitable they are for the wider range of companies. After analyzing their properties on different levels (security, dynamics, flexibility) and identifying their advantages and disadvantages, a multi-criterion decision model was built. With its help (the decision model) the most optimal solution will be selected.

Poslovanje se seli na splet, pojavljajo se pojmi elektronska trgovina in elektronsko poslovanje. Kako podjetja sledijo tem spremembam, kako lahko svoje procese in poslovanja vkljuijo v nov spletni svet, je glavna tematika te naloge. Diplomska naloga zajema tehnologije za opisovanje poslovnih procesov ter elektronsko poslovanje, natanneje tri tehnologije: ebXML (Electronic Business Extensible Markup Language), XLANG in Rosetta.Net. In order for a company to be actively included in electronic market its old way of doing business must be altered. All business processes must be effectively described. There must be an organ for business process management. But this is only the first step, which basically only converts transport into electronic way. The real evolution is in authomizing processes, which replaces human fallible hands and thinking.

This graph shows Process Coordination Framework groups, which features e-business automation requires into a multilayerd stack.Service description and transport binding: service description provides meta-level data for services and their operations; transport bindings tie abstract service descriptions to specific physical address such as HTTP or SMTP statically at design time or dynamically at run time. End point description: This layer describes aspects such as quality of service (QoS), service location, provider information and service cost that can influence a customers decision to use the Web service. Public collaborative process: This process describes the sequence or choreography of the operations the Web service supports. For example, of the operations the Web service supports. For example, if the service supports operations including Login and CheckBalance, the public collaborative process specifies that the user needs to log in before checking the balance to avoid errors. Private process: This layer describes internal executable business process that support the Web services public collaborative process. Contracts/agreement: The actual technical and legal agreement under which entities conduct business reside in this layer. The technical contract between the entities includes the exact details of how the parties use their information technology (IT) infrastructure to transact the business at hand. The legal contract includes agreements on the terms and conditions of the business exchange. Having an XML-based syntax to specify contracts helps applications automatically interact without human intervention. However, XML does not currently incorporate many of these definitions. Security: Security requirements include a combination of the following features:AuthorizationAuthenticationConfidentialityNon- repudiationAuditingVarious Process Coordination Framework layers may require different aspects of security. Any exchange of business information may require all, some, or no security features.

WSDL (Web Services Description Language) ebXML CPP (Collaboration Protocol Profile) WSEL (Web Services Endpoint Language), ebXML BPSS (Business Process Specification Schema), WSCL (Web Services Conversation Language), WSFL (Web Services Flow Language), XLANG, BPML (Business Process ModellingLanguage) ebXML CPA (Collaboration Protocol Agreement)

There are many technologies, designed to cover the area of above described requirements. Service description and transport binding was assured in WSDL (Web Services Description Language) by IBM and in ebXML CPP (ebXML Collaboration Protocol Profile) as the EDI follower while RosettaNet was started as an unprofitable consortium of different leading companies. With time, technologies improved and new ones grew from them; but not parallel. Their relations are seen from the figure 1: WSEL (Web Services Endpoint Language), ebXML BPSS (Business Process Specification Schema), WSCL (Web Services Conversation Language), WSFL (Web Services Flow Language), XLANG, BMPL (Business Process Markup Language) and the most developed one ebXML CPA (Collaboration Protocol Agreement)

Opis storitev in povezovanje prenosovOpis storitev nudi podatke na meta nivoju o storitvah in njihovih operacijah in prenosnih povezavah; prenosne povezave zdruuje abstraktne opise storitev in specifine fizine naslove kot so HTTP ali SMTP (statino ob doloenem asu ali dinamino v realnem asu).Opis konne tokeTa nivo opisuje storitve iz vidika kakovosti, lokacije, informacij in strokov, ki bi lahko vplivali na odloitve stranke o uporabi spletnih storitev.Proces javnega sodelovanjaTa proces opisuje zaporedje operacij, ki jih spletne storitve podpirajo (uporabnika opozarja na napake in mu specificira potek procesa). Privatni procesTa nivo opisuje interne izvrilne poslovne procese, ki podpirajo javni proces sodelovanja spletnih storitev.Pogodbe/DogovoriNa tem nivoju se nahajajo dejanski tehnini in pravni dogovori, na podlagi katerih se upravljajo poslovni procesi. Tehnine pogodbe med sodelujoimi subjekti vkljuujejo natanne podrobnosti o tem, kako vkljuene stranke uporabljajo infrastrukturo informacijske tehnologije za transakcije v poslovanju. Pravne pogodbe vkljuujejo dogovore o zahtevah in pogojih za poslovno izmenjavo. Specificirane pogodbe s sintakso, ki temelji na shemo XML-u, pomagajo aplikacijam pri avtomatski interakciji brez lovekega posega. VarnostZahteve po zaiti vkljuujejo kombinacijo avtorizacije, avtentifikacija, zaupnosti, prepreevanja zavrnitve in pregleda. Razline tehnologije zahtevajo razlien nivo varnosti.Business management is of course an importante part of doing electronic business, since electronic business process must be monitored and managed just as well as the classic ones did, even more so. So companies should start building their way in electronic business in evry aspect, so also in management. However, there are quite a few companies that have not even started, which cannot be good for ther future existence. Only few are already using business process management software and many more are in their early phase in doing so, so I guess there is still hope for electronic business to start live fully and electronic market to bloom thay way it was planned.The first technology is ebXML electronic business extensible markup language. Is the first one we have taken under the loop and as you will be able to see in the futer, did very well. Using the strengths of OASIS and UN/CEFACT to ensure a global open process. Developing technical specifications for the open ebXML infrastructure. Creating the technical specifications with the world's best experts. Collaborating with other initiatives and standards development organizations. Building on the experience and strengths of existing EDI knowledge. Enlisting industry leaders to participate and adopt ebXML infrastructure.

Realizing the commitment by ebXML participants to implement the ebXML technical specifications. Market, enabeling companys to find, voluntarily become partners and do business with one anotherEbXML has got a high level of security; it is taken care of privacy, authentication, authorization, integrity and non-repudiation. It includes a safe and reliable messaging, based on the SOAP protocol,

ZasebnostZaita pred razkritjem (disclose) ali odkritjem (reveal) informacij kateremukoli subjektu, ki ni avtoriziran, da bi dostopal do teh informacij.AvtentifikacijaAvtentifikacija zahtevane identitete organizatorja podatkov-Avtorizacija Zaita proti gronjam neznanih subjektov, ki bi vdrle v sistem, in zagotovitev, da subjekt izvaja samo avtorizirane akcije znotraj sistema.IntegritetaZaita pred gronjami, da je vrednost podatkovnega predmeta lahko spremenjena na nain, da je nekonsistentna glede na definirano varnostno politiko. Prepreitev zanikanjaZaita pred tem, da subjekti na eni strani komunikacije ali transakcije kasneje zanikajo, da je transakcija oziroma komunikacija sploh bila izvedena [14].XLANG is the second technology which we examined, used mostly inside the BizTalk Server initiative. XLANG is used for describing business processes inside the BizTalk initiative; with main goal the automation of business processes integration, using standard XML technology. It offers a model for orchestration of services and contract collaboration between orchestrations [3]. XLANG is focused fully on public processes. It supports long-term operations and nesting. It enables:za opis poslovnih procesov znotraj pobude BizTalk, katere glavni cilj je avtomatizacija integracije poslovnih procesov z uporabo standardnih XML tehnologij

XLANG je raziritev WSDL (Web Service Definition Language). Nudi model orkestracije storitev in sodelovanje pogodb med orkestracijami [5]. Na XML-u temeljea specifikacija za opis izvrilnih poslovnih procesov znotraj poslovanja, je postavljen na vrh WSDL. XLANG specifikacije gradijo na XML kodi za opisovanje procesov, ki jih generira grafino modelirno orodje znotraj BizTalk Server Orchestration. XLANG-ove glavne lastnosti vkljuujejo [1]:

ObnaanjeSkladie za opis storitev iz vidika obnaanja, vkljuno s podporo zanikanja, sodelovanja in obravnavo izjem. AkcijeElementi obnaanja glede na WSDL operacije na vhodih, ki so na voljo. Kontrolni tokZaporedje, v katerem storitve izvajajo akcije.KorelacijeStruktuiranje uporabe storitev za usmerjanje sporoil za popravke primerkov delovnega toka. VsebinoVsebina transakcij, ki trajajo dlje asa. Upravljanje storitevLastnosti storitev upravljanja primerkov.Porazdelitev vhodovMetoda za vkljuevanje v uporabnika storitev in ponudnika storitve.

zahteva/odgovor, zahteva za odgovor, enosmerno poroilo in obvestilaXLANG dodaja dve dodatni akciji [5]:iztek asa (konni rok in trajanje, ki pa ne morejo biti lastnost doloene akcije, lahko pa so priloeni kot poljuben blok akcije ) in izjeme.

---zaporedni in paralelni gradniki kontrolnega toka,dolgotrajne transakcije z nadomestilom,korelacija sporoila po meri (Custom correlation of messages),fleksibilno obravnavanje internih in eksternih izjem,modularni opis obnaanja,sklicevanje na dinamine storitve ,pogodbe z ve vlogami. Enabling technology = the XML-based open protocols, and description and discovery standards that are growing up around SOAP Business imperative = the pressing need to truly realize the potential and promise of e-commerce by creating virtual enterprises, networks of applications that automate business processes across enterprise boundaries

XLANG-ove glavne lastnosti vkljuujejo [1]:ObnaanjeSkladie za opis storitev iz vidika obnaanja, vkljuno s podporo zanikanja, sodelovanja in obravnavo izjem. container for the description of the services behavioral aspects, including support for looping, concurrency and exception handlingAkcijeElementi obnaanja glede na WSDL operacije na vhodih, ki so na voljo. atoms of behavior referencing WSDL operations on the available portsKontrolni tokZaporedje, v katerem storitve izvajajo akcije.sequence in which the service performs actionsKorelacijeStrukturiranje uporabe storitev za usmerjanje sporoil za popravke primerkov delovnega toka. structure the service uses to route messages to correct workflow instancesVsebinoVsebina transakcij, ki trajajo dlje asa. context for long-running transactionsUpravljanje storitevLastnosti storitev upravljanja primerkov.features of service instance managementPorazdelitev vhodovMetoda za vkljuevanje v uporabnika storitev in ponudnika storitve.method for plugging in the service user and the service providerza opis poslovnih procesov znotraj pobude BizTalk, katere glavni cilj je avtomatizacija integracije poslovnih procesov z uporabo standardnih XML tehnologij

XLANG je raziritev WSDL (Web Service Definition Language). Nudi model orkestracije storitev in sodelovanje pogodb med orkestracijami [5]. Na XML-u temeljea specifikacija za opis izvrilnih poslovnih procesov znotraj poslovanja, je postavljen na vrh WSDL. XLANG specifikacije gradijo na XML kodi za opisovanje procesov, ki jih generira grafino modelirno orodje znotraj BizTalk Server Orchestration. XLANG-ove glavne lastnosti vkljuujejo [1]:

zahteva/odgovor, zahteva za odgovor, enosmerno poroilo in obvestilaXLANG dodaja dve dodatni akciji [5]:iztek asa (konni rok in trajanje, ki pa ne morejo biti lastnost doloene akcije, lahko pa so priloeni kot poljuben blok akcije ) in izjeme.

---zaporedni in paralelni gradniki kontrolnega toka,dolgotrajne transakcije z nadomestilom,korelacija sporoila po meri (Custom correlation of messages),fleksibilno obravnavanje internih in eksternih izjem,modularni opis obnaanja,sklicevanje na dinamine storitve ,pogodbe z ve vlogami. The last and the oldest (although only about 4 years old) technologie for describing business process. It is a compromise between the pioneer technologie for describing business processes EDI and the SOAP protocol. And its most expressive feature is in the PIP, which provides security, but also makes describing quite inflexible. It also has many supportive tools, wizards, dictionaries and moreThe adapter developemennt Kit enables you to quickly build your own custom adapters for any system you need to integrate for , which enable the qualitative work and business description. However, it has some disadvantages, which will be seen in the future.

compromise between EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) and SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol). biggest power and flaw is in the good defined but inflexible PIP (Partner Interface Process) a lot of supportive tools: RosettaNet implementation tool including the current PIP, a partner agreement wizard for quick importation,development and testing of customized PIP. RosettaNet dictionary and RosettaNet implementation framework.

Prilagajalnik za razvoj industrije omogoajo integracijo z novimi in obstojeimi aplikacijami naini poslovanja [12]:Stotine vodilnih aplikacijskih prilagajalnikov; Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in Client Relationship Management (CRM), zgrajenih z lastniki tehnologij, zagotavljajo, da BizTalk Pospeevalnik za RosettaNet lahko integriramo z nao programsko opremo.Adapter Development Kit omogoa hitro gradnjo svojih obiajnih adapterjev za vsak sistem, ki ga je potrebno integrirati. ---RosettaNet PIPNamen vsakega PIP-a je v tem, da nudi splone poslovne oziroma podatkovne modele in dokumente, ki omogoajo sistemskim razvijalcem implementacijo vmesnika RosettaNet elektronskega poslovanja. Vsak vmesnik vkljuuje [6]:dokumente XML, ki temeljijo ogrodju DTD (Document Type Definition) in specificirajo PIP storitve, transakcije in upravljanje, ki vkljuuje lastnosti slovarja.Razredni diagrami in diagrami zaporedja v UML-u.Validacijsko orodje.Implementacijski vodi.---obojesmerna SSL avtentifikacija,digitalni podpis,kodiraje podatkov,prepreitev zanikanja.Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol

RosettaNet Partner Interface Process (PIP) definira poslovne procese med trgovskimi partnerji. PIP nudi avtomatiziran proces, ki se uporabi med trgovskimi partnerji za zahtevanje in ponudbo o ceni produkta in informacijo o razpololjivosti [19].RosettaNet demonstrira implementacijo vmesnika PIP, ki nudi mehanizem za poiljanje obvestil o neuspehu. Demonstrira integracijo spletne logike in njene varnostne znailnosti, ki so zahtevane pri RosettaNet [19]:obojesmerna SSL avtentifikacija,digitalni podpis,kodiraje podatkov,prepreitev zanikanja.

Prilagajalnik za razvoj industrije omogoajo integracijo z novimi in obstojeimi aplikacijami naini poslovanja [12]:Stotine vodilnih aplikacijskih prilagajalnikov; Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in Client Relationship Management (CRM), zgrajenih z lastniki tehnologij, zagotavljajo, da BizTalk Pospeevalnik za RosettaNet lahko integriramo z nao programsko opremo.Adapter Development Kit omogoa hitro gradnjo svojih obiajnih adapterjev za vsak sistem, ki ga je potrebno integrirati. ---RosettaNet PIPNamen vsakega PIP-a je v tem, da nudi splone poslovne oziroma podatkovne modele in dokumente, ki omogoajo sistemskim razvijalcem implementacijo vmesnika RosettaNet elektronskega poslovanja. Vsak vmesnik vkljuuje [6]:dokumente XML, ki temeljijo ogrodju DTD (Document Type Definition) in specificirajo PIP storitve, transakcije in upravljanje, ki vkljuuje lastnosti slovarja.Razredni diagrami in diagrami zaporedja v UML-u.Validacijsko orodje.Implementacijski vodi.---obojesmerna SSL avtentifikacija,digitalni podpis,kodiraje podatkov,prepreitev zanikanja.The evaluation consists of more steps. Firs we analysed them, discovering advantages and disadvantages of every technologie. We created criteria, which we considered relevant (it can ofcourse be changeable according to the needs of a certain company) and weighted them.. again by our judgement; again weights are changeable. The utility function calculated the most optimal one (by our set of weighted criteria) with help of a decision model we have created. Explanation of the results follows.Basic: 29Technical:38Security: 24Structural: 9

Constructing and describing processes: Describing business processes is the key part of transition from classical to electronic business.Collaboration and roles description: Important for describing relationships between partners.Role and collaboration model: Not of great importance since there are other modeling tools available.Small/big/medium enterprises support: Of high importance since it decides if a company can at all use such a technology.Complexity and effort: Important especially at the beginning, since it is one of the main criterions by which a company decides if it is prepared for such a change and burden.Efficiency: Importance of indicating the dynamics of the future work.Maturity: Depends on the age of the technology. Tools support: Important for easing the development.Synchronous communication support: For short-term transactions which require immediate answer. Asynchronous communication support: For long-term transactions, which are more frequent.Independency from communication protocols: Most of the companies have the ability to upgrade their operating system.Quality of service: Important for the quality of the business transactions. Authentication: The act of making sure that the sender of a business message is who the sender claims to be [6].Authorization: The act of making sure that the sender of a message is permitted to send the subject message to the receiving partner [6].Integrity: Ensuring that the messages remains undistorted and unaltered [6].Encryption: Ciphering messages from those who are not authorized to read them decrypted [6].Non-repudiation: The mechanism for making sure that an originating trading partner cannot deny having originated and sent a message (non-repudiation of origin and content) and that a receiving trading partner cannot deny having received a message sent by its partner (non-repudiation of receipt)[6]. Exceptions handling: A business must be prepared for every sort of failures, duplications and losses of data.Claim detection: In a business process a loss of a claim is unacceptable; everything must be noted and repeatable.Data transformation: Integration is one of the main aspects of collaboration of two businesses and since they are most likely to have different types of data, a successful transformation is crucial. What is important to say, all of the evaluated parameters are on the scale from 0-1, if necessary divided, to make them coherent. The three alternatives with chosen parameters; once again, the parameters and their weights are changeable, which makes it possible for different companies to adust them to their needs and priorities. Obviously, by our set of criteria, the ebXML has the most optimal features while RosettaNet and XLANG came very closely by little advantages of RosettaNet.The ebXML did well basically on all of the parameters, the only disadvantage could be the fact, that it is the youngest of them all and it is at this point still unformatted which means that in the future it will only be more sophisticated. RosettaNet is most mature, however not very flexible. And XLANG has not all required security features and non-repudiation, which is very important in business transactions.

Po izbranih kriterijih in uteeh in oblikovani funkciji koristnosti, je bila izbrana najbolja alternativa. Vse vrednosti so bile ocenjene z numerino tevilko, deljeno z 2 oziroma s vsoto vseh alternativ pri tem kriteriju, tako da so bile ocene v konni fazi v intervalu [0,1]. Ta enolinost je omogoila realnejo primerjavo. Najbolje se je izkazala tehnologije ebXML, ki je imela prednost v konstrukciji in opisu procesov, opisu sodelovanja vlog, podpori za majhna in velika podjetja; v zmogljivosti in uinkovitosti, podpori orodij, pri obravnavanju izjem in izsledljivost zahtev ter transformaciji podatkov. Izkae se, da je ebXML zdale najbolja alternativa in oitno najprimerneja za veino podjetijRosettaNet je zasedla drugo mesto, vendar skoraj enakovredno kot XLANG, tehnologija pa je imela prednost predvsem pri tehninih znailnostih, kar je povsem logino, saj je najstareja izmed vseh. Njene prednosti so bile nizka kompleksnost in malo vloenega truda, bila je najbolj zrela izmed vseh tehnologij, velja neodvisnost od komunikacijskega protokola; v ostalih zahtevah pa je zasedla povpreno mesto; glavne pomanjkljivosti so v opisu procesov, podpori za majhna podjetja in nezadostnem obravnavanju izjem.Tehnologija XLANG je zasedla najslabe mesto; njene ocene so bile veinoma povprene, pohvali se lahko le z dobro transformacijo podatkov in s solidnimi rezultati na osnovni ravni, nima pa storitev kakovosti, modelov vlog in sodelovanj; je brez avtentifikacije in ne omogoa prepreevanje zanikanja.

As seen, the market is in need of suitable technologies for describing business processes and to conclude from our decision model, the ebXML is the best one. However, only by this particular set of weigted criterions.

elja in potreba po prenosu poslovanja na splet in avtomatizacija procesov je vedno veja. Prav tako je vedno veja tudi potreba po tehnologijah, ki bodo omogoale ta drastien prehod k avtomatizaciji procesov. Te tehnologije pa morajo zadoati doloenim standardom, biti morajo fleksibilne in seveda cenovno dosegljive vsem organizacijam, tako velikim kot majhnim. Opisovanje poslovnih procesov s pomojo razlinih tehnologij mora biti dovolj enostavno, da bodo procese lahko opisovali ljudje, ki nimajo programerskega znanja, imajo pa znanje o dejanskem poteku in pravilih procesa. Sicer so e obstajale tovrstne tehnologije (EDI), vendar so bile zaradi cene in zapletenosti primerne le za velika podjetja.Tehnologije, ki smo jih v diplomskem delu vkljuili v analizo in raziskavo, so bolj ali manj ustrezale zahtevam (varnost, fleksibilnost, odprtost, skladnost s standardi), ki smo jih pred analizo doloili. Pod drobnogled smo postavili in opisali tri tehnologije: ebXML, XLANG in RosettaNet. Za vsako od tehnologij smo preverili as in trud, ki ga mora organizacija vloiti za sprejem in kasnejo uporabo tehnologije. Primerjali smo tudi razmerje med potrebnimi finannimi sredstvi in kvaliteto ter uporabnostjo opisovanja elektronskega poslovanja, ki se vzpostavi ob uporabi posamezne tehnologije, in ostale zahteve. Prenos poslovanja na splet in zamenjava klasinega poslovanja z elektronskim oziroma B2B poslovanjem je le prvi korak. Naslednji je namre avtomatizacija poslovnih procesov, pri emer pa morajo biti organizacije sposobne integracije in kompatibilnosti za omogoanje nemotenega prenosa podatkov. Pri avtomatizaciji elektronskega poslovanja je potrebno ogrodje za koordinacijo procesov, ki bo omogoalo dinamino in enostavno ter varno komunikacijo med procesi, dosegljivo vsem vrstam organizacij.Lastnosti in karakteristike posamezne tehnologije smo primerjali med sabo in jih ocenili. Definirali smo vekriterijski odloitveni model iz dvajset kriterijev, razdeljenih v tiri funkcionalne sklope; osnovne lastnosti, tehnine znailnosti, izpolnjevanje varnostnih zahtev in strukturne lastnosti. Utei niso nespremenljivega znaaja; uporabniku je omogoeno poljubno izbiranje in nastavljanje utei, glede na lastne potrebe.Po oblikovani funkciji koristnosti je bila izbrana najbolj optimalna tehnologija. Tehnologija ebXML se je izkazala za najprimernejo in najboljo, z najve monostmi, fleksibilnostjo in izpolnjenimi zahtevami, ki smo si jih zastavili pri ocenjevanju kakovosti opisovanja poslovnega procesa.Ugotovili smo tudi, da je RosettaNet uporabna le za velika podjetja, zaradi varnega in dobro definiranega orodja PIP. Tehnologija XLANG je v sklopu BizTalk strenika, ki pa je prevelik in predrag za majhna podjetja, torej je tudi XLANG primeren samo za srednja in velika podjetja. Tehnologija ebXML je primerna tako za majhna kot velika podjetja in po ostalih karakteristikah tudi najbolj bogata z orodji in pripomoki za laje in varneje elektronsko poslovanje.Iz diplomske naloge je razvidno, da je tehnologij za opisovanje poslovnih procesov veliko. eprav imajo svoje prednosti in pomanjkljivosti, vsaka na svojem podroju, in veina e ni zrelih za uspeno uporabo, se veina e razvija in nadgrajuje z novimi razliicami, ki bodo v prihodnosti prav gotovo dosegle elen nivo kakovosti in uporabnosti. Tako bo v prihodnjosti poskrbljeno za vse tipe podjetij in elektronsko poslovanje bo zaivelo v vsej velikosti, kot mu je bilo napovedano.