comparison of european biochar certificate version 4. 8 ... · see individual bbm procedures for:...
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Comparison of European Biochar Certificate Version 4. 8 and IBI Biochar Standards Version 2.0 and Baseline Biochar Metrics Ver IX
European Biochar Certificate first publication March 2012 http://www.european-biochar.org/en/home
IBI Biochar Standards first publication May 2012 http://www.biochar-international.org/characterizationstandard
Baseline Biochar Metrics, Ver X, dated Nov 18, 2016
European Biochar Certificate V4.8
IBI Biochar Standards V2.0 Baseline Biochar Metrics Ver IX
Status (Parameter) Status (Parameter) Status (Parameter)Criteria (Units) Criteria (Units) Criteria (Units)
Water Content Required (Water content) Required (Moisture content) Required in "Dry Biochar" Procedure as "Weight loss on
Drying"
Declaration
(% of total mass, dry basis)
Declaration
(% of total mass, dry basis)
Declaration (weight fraction of total mass, wet basis)
Required Required Required in "Dry Biochar" Procedure as "Inorganic Dry
Weight Fraction"
Declaration Declaration
(% of total mass, dry basis)
Declaration (weight fraction of total mass, dry basis)
Volatile Matter Required (Volatile Organic Compounds
(VOCs))
Optional (Volatile matter) Required in "Dry Biochar" Procedure as "Volatile Dry
Weight Fraction"
Declaration
(% of total mass, dry basis)
Declaration
(% of total mass, dry basis)
Declaration (weight fraction of total mass, dry basis)
Required (Total C) Required (Organic C) Replaced by Resident Matter
Biochar ≥ 50%
Bio Carbon Minerals (BCM) < 50% (% of
total mass, dry basis)
10% Minimum
Class 1: ≥60%
Class 2: ≥30% and <60%
Class 3: ≥10% and <30% (% of total mass,
dry basis)
Declaration (weight fraction of total mass, dry basis) -
calculated from total weight less Volatiles and Inorganics
Required Required Deleted
0.7 maximum (molar ratio) 0.7 maximum (molar ratio)
Molar O/C ratio Required O calculated from ash content, C, H, N, S (DIN
51733, ISO 17247)
Not required N/A Deleted
0.4 maximum (molar ratio) N/A
Required Required Required in "As Is Biochar" Procedure as "Contact pH"
Declaration
If >10, the delivery slip must feature
appropriate handling information
Declaration (pH) Required in "Wetted Biochar" Procedure as "Extract pH"
Required Required Required in "As Is Biochar" Procedure as "Contact
TDS/EC"
Declaration (µS cm-1) Declaration (dS m-1) Required in "Wetted Biochar" Procedure as "Extract
TDS/EC"
Not required Required (if pH > 7) Optional (recommended) if Inorganics (Ash) level > 20
wt % or Contact or Extract pH >8
Declaration (% CaCO3) Declaration (CaCO3 equivalent)
This section concerns itself with measurements of properties that
served as the basis for a proposed methodology to the American
Carbon Registry for carbon offset credits. "The conclusion of the ACR
peer reviewers was that the methodology should not be accepted since
the scientific literature does not provide sufficient evidence of the
stability of soil carbon sequestration in fields treated with biochar
using H:Corg ratio correlations as cited in the International Biochar
Initiative’s Standard Test Method for Estimating Biochar Carbon
Stability (BC+100)." (email response Nov 1, 2016 from ACR c/o
Winrock.org to web query on "Current status of Biochar w/rt offset
credits") The Resident Matter metric is a more convenient and
affordable indicator of stable carbon content in a biochar sample and is
adopted in lieu of the previous C content approach.
Source of Error - Incorrectly dried sample has excess weight
due to adsorbed moisture, lowering Corg determination and
elevating hydrogen measurment
Liming
equivalence
AOAC 955.01 potentiometric titration on “as received” (i.e., wet)
samples. Use dry weight to calculate % CaCO3 and report “per dry sample
weight”.
Standard soil analysis for calcium carbonate equilivalent and liming
characteristics
Electrical
conductivity
Method of the BGK (Federal quality community
compost), volume 1, method
III. C2 in analogy to DIN ISO 11265
Adding 1:10 H2O to the sample, shaking for 1h,
followed by filtration of the solution.
US Composting Council TMECC Section 04.10, modified dilution of 1:20
biochar:deionized H2O (w:v) and equilibration 90 minutes on the shaker,
according to Rajkovich et al (2011)
Contact "As Is Biochar" with clean water, agitate for one hour, measure
TDS/EC of clear filtrate, report in measured units
Flood micorpores of dried biochar with clean water by boiling twice,
measure TDS/EC of clear filtrate, report in measured units
pH DIN ISO 10390 with 1:5 biochar to 0.01 M CaCl2-
solution, 60 min shaking, measuring directly in the
suspension
US Composting Council TMECC Section 04.11, modified dilution of 1:20
biochar: deionized H2O (w:v) and equilibration 90 minutes on the shaker,
according to Rajkovich et al (2011).
Contact "As Is Biochar" with clean water, agitate for one hour, measure
pH of clear filtrate
Flood micropores of dried biochar with clean water by boiling twice,
measure pH of clear filtrate
Molar H/Corg ratio
Parameter EBC Test Method IBI Test Method
Total Ash DIN 51719, ISO 1171
or EN 14775 – ashing at 550°C, heating at 5 K/min
to 106°C under nitrogen atmosphere then at 5
K/min to 550 ° C under oxygen, hold for 1h
DIN 51718 method A
Two step: raw moisture at (40 ± 2)°C until constant
mass; hygroscopic moisture in TGA crucible and
nitrogen atmosphere at (106 ± 2) ° C to constant
mass.
ASTM D1762-84 ‘Standard Test Method for Chemical Analysis of Wood
Charcoal’. VM content at 950 °C for 10 minutes.
Source of Error - Temp too high - additonal carbonization,
volatilizes carbonates, elevates volatile determination
ASTM D1762-84 ‘Standard Test Method for Chemical Analysis of Wood
Charcoal’ Moisture content at 105 °C for 2 hours.
Source of Error - does not remove moisture in micro-pores of
biochar
ASTM D1762-84 ‘Standard Test Method for Chemical Analysis of Wood
Charcoal’. Ash at 750 °C for 6 hours.
Air dried and ground sample, dry at 105C for two hours, covered volatile
matter to 950C, then ash at 750C for 6 hrs uncovered
Source of Error - Temp too high - volatilizes carbonates,
lowers ash determination
Thermal-Gravimetric-Analysis (TGA) using Leco
TGA 701 – total mass loss at 950°C
C content Total C, H, N analysis by dry combustion IR-
detection (DIN 51732, ISO 29541).
Inorganic C analysis by determination of carbonate-
C content with HCl, as outlined in DIN 51726, ISO
925. Organic C calculated as Total C – Inorganic C.
Total C and H analysis by dry combustion- IR detection.
Inorganic C analysis by determination of CO2-C content with 1N HCl, as
outlined in ASTM D4373 ‘Standard Test Method for Rapid Determination
of Carbonate Content of Soils’. Organic C calculated as Total C – Inorganic
C.
see above for H and Corg determination see above for H and Corg determination
BBM Test Method - see Baseline Biochar Metrics, Ver IX, dated Nov 4, 2016 for detailed instructions for individual metrics
Dry at 145C to 155C as per ASTM D2867 "Standard Test Methods for
Moisture in Activated Carbon" (available for purchase at
http://www.astm.org/Standards/D2867.htm)
Dry at 145C to 155C as per ASTM D2867 "Standard Test Methods for
Moisture in Activated Carbon" (available for purchase at
http://www.astm.org/Standards/D2867.htm)
Open crucible ashing at 550C in air for two hours - similar to EBC
Method
Dry at 145C to 155C as per ASTM D2867 "Standard Test Methods for
Moisture in Activated Carbon" (available for purchase at
http://www.astm.org/Standards/D2867.htm)
Vented crucible at 450C for two hours
Required (Total N) Required (Total N) Not required - Not Recommended - studies have
shown most biochar N is part of the aromatic
graphitic matrix and not bio-available
Declaration
(% of total mass, dry basis)
Declaration
(% of total mass, dry basis)
Required (Total P, K, Mg, Ca) Optional (Total P and K) Optional (Total P and K), (recommended) if
Inorganics (Ash) level > 20 wt %
Declaration
(% of total mass, dry basis)
Declaration
(% of total mass, dry basis)
Provide standard soil analysis from outside lab
Optional (Mineral N (ammonium and
nitrate))
Optional (Mineral N (ammonium and nitrate))
Declaration (mg kg-1) Declaration (mg kg-1)
Optional (Available P) Optional (Available P)
Declaration (mg kg-1) Declaration (mg kg-1)
Not required Required (if pH > 7) Optional (recommended) if Inorganics (Ash) level >
20 wt % and/or Contact or Extract pH >8
Declaration (% CaCO3) Declaration (CaCO3 equivalent)
Required Not required Required - density metrics provided for As Is, Dry, and
Wetted Biochars
Declaration N/A Declaration (weight per volume, appropriate units)
Not required Required Optional and Recommended: if greater than 10 wt % of
particles over 1/4 "
N/A Declaration
(% in each size class)
Declaration (weight % in each size class)
Required (Specific surface area) Optional (Total surface area and external
surface area)Replaced by Adsorption Capacity Assay
Declaration (preferably higher than 150
m2 g-1)
Declaration (m2 g-1) Declaration (wt % of challenge gas per unit weight of dry
biochar)
Optional Not required Replaced by Water Holding Ratio
N/A Ratio of weight of water in drained mass to weight of
dried biochar
Required
Metals: Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, Hg, Zn, Cr
see original document
PAHs Required - see original document Soxhlet-extraction with toluene with GC/MS or
HPLC
Required - see original document Soxhlet-extraction with toluene then US EPA
8270 SVOCs by GC/MS
PCBs Required - see original document Soxhlet-extraction with toluene with HRGC-HRMS Required - see original document US EPA 8082 - PCBs by GC or EPA 8275 - PAHs &
PCBs via TE/GC/MS
PCDD/Fs Required - see original document Soxhlet-extraction with toluene with HRGC-HRMS Required - see original document
Required Deleted
N/A N/A Pass/Fail
Source of Error - BET-N2 is not recommended for micro-
porous materials; surface area does not accurately predict
biochar adsorption properties
Optional: for PAHs, PCBs and PCDD/Fs if any specific
reason to expect individual contaminates should be
present; Recommended: if required by regulatory
authority for specific biochar appication
Recommend analytical procedure for bio-available/leachable assay,
Recommend against Soxhlet-extraction with toluene with GC/MS or
HPLC
see BBM Wetted Biochar Procedures: Fully wetted bochar is drained for
one hour, then total weight of wetted drained mass and dry mass of
biochar determined
see BBM Procedures Appendix A on Adsorption Capacity Options: GACS
or Propane or Butane Activity (based on ASTM D5742: Standard Test
Method for Determination of the Butane Activity of Activated Carbon)
Optional: if any specific reason to expect heavy metal
contamintion; Recommend: if required by regulatory
authority for specific biochar appication
Recommend: appropriate analytical procedure for specific heavy
metals of concern at detection level below regulatory threshold
see Individual BBM Procedures for: As Is Bulk Density, Dry Bulk Density,
Wetted Biochar Density
Liming
equivalence
AOAC 955.01 potentiometric titration on “as received” (i.e., wet)
samples. Use dry weight to calculate % CaCO3 and report “per dry sample
weight”.
Standard soil analysis for calcium carbonate equilivalent and liming
characteristics
Digestion with Lithium metaborate on ash 550 °C
according to DIN 51729-11 and determination with
ICP-OES according to DIN EN ISO 11885 or ICP-MS
according to DIN EN ISO 17294
Modified dry ashing followed by ICP (Enders and Lehmann 2012). 500 °C
ashing followed by HNO3 and H2O2 digestion and determination by ICP-
OES analysis
Macro- nutrients
(NPK)
N/A N/A 2M KCl extraction, followed by spectrophotometry (Rayment and
Higginson 1992)
2% formic acid followed by spectrophotometry as described by Wang et
al (2012)
Heavy Metals,
metalloids and
other elements
Required
Metals: Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, Hg, Zn, Cr, Co, Mo
Metalloids: B, As, Se, Others: Cl, Na
Bulk density Bulk density: DIN 51705 N/A
Particle size
distribution
N/A Progressive dry sieving with 50mm, 25mm, 16mm, 8mm, 4mm, 2mm,
1mm, and 0.5mm sieves.
milled < 50µm, 2h outgassing at 150°C, vacuum, N2
adsorption, multi-point BET method
ASTM D6556 ‘Standard Test Method for Carbon
Black – Total and External Surface Area by
Nitrogen Adsorption’
Water holding capacity determining by soaking and
drying the sample (E DIN ISO 14238). WHC
calculated as mass percentage of saturated and dry
mass.
N/AWater Holding
Capacity
Dry combustion-IR detection following the same
procedure for total C and H (DIN 51732)
Dry combustion-IR detection following the same procedure for total C
and H
Germination
inhibition
OECD methodology (1984) using three test
species, as described by Van Zwieten et al
(2010)
Not required
Report Total N with statement "Note: A significant portion of the
measured Total N is typically not bio-available"
Standard soil analysis for fertilizer values, optional micronutrients
2M KCl extraction, followed by spectrophotometry (Rayment and
Higginson 1992)
2% formic acid followed by spectrophotometry as described by Wang et
al (2012)
Progressive dry sieving with 50mm, 25mm, 16mm, 8mm, 4mm, 2mm,
1mm, and 0.5mm sieves.
All metals: microwave acid digestion with HF/HNO3
and determination of the metals with ICP-MS (DIN
EN ISO 17294-2)
Hg: DIN EN 1483 Water quality - Determination of
mercury - Method using atomic absorption
spectrometry (H-AAS)
All elements except Hg and Cl:
i. Microwave-assisted HNO3 digestion, or
ii. HNO3 digestion, followed by determination
with
iii. ICP-AES, or
iv. Flame AAS
(according to US Composting Council TMECC
Sections 04.05 and 04.06)
Hg: US EPA 7471 Mercury in Solid or Semi-Soild
Waste (Manual Cold Vapor Technique)
Cl: water soluble elements followed by ion
chromatography or ion-selective electrode (per
manufacturers instructions)
US EPA 8290 - HRGC/HRMS
Surface area
Inadequate scientific literature to support analytical method
and provide conclusive insights into biochar properties; method
excessively dependent on choice of seeds and remaining soil
matrix; analysis results excessively application-specific