Pattern of Pattern of OrganizationOrganization

1. We covered the following 1. We covered the following patterns of patterns of

organization:organization:

Time OrderTime Order List of ItemsList of Items Spatial OrderSpatial Order ClassificationClassification

Patterns of Patterns of OrganizationOrganization

In this Chapter we will be continuing In this Chapter we will be continuing with Patterns of Organization and with Patterns of Organization and covering the following items:covering the following items:

1. Comparison and Contrast1. Comparison and Contrast

2. Cause and Effect2. Cause and Effect

3. Illustration3. Illustration

4. Definition and Example4. Definition and Example

ComparisonComparison

When we compare two things, When we compare two things, what are we doing?what are we doing?

ComparisonComparison

When we compare two things, When we compare two things, what are we doing?what are we doing?

--we are looking at their --we are looking at their similaritiessimilarities

ComparisonComparison

So when you are reading a So when you are reading a passage and are asked to identify passage and are asked to identify the pattern of organization, if it is the pattern of organization, if it is a COMPARISON pattern, then they a COMPARISON pattern, then they would be identifying similarities would be identifying similarities between two things.between two things.

ComparisonComparison

Look at the middle of page 177 in Look at the middle of page 177 in your reading book.your reading book.

These are words that you might These are words that you might find in a reading passage that will find in a reading passage that will help you to identify the help you to identify the comparison pattern of comparison pattern of organization.organization.

ComparisonComparison

Practice 5 Practice 5 Page 182Page 182 Paragraph AParagraph A

ComparisonComparison

Practice 5 Practice 5 Page 182Page 182 Paragraph AParagraph A

common, both, same, both, both, common, both, same, both, both, equally, alikeequally, alike

ContrastContrast

So if comparing two things means So if comparing two things means we are looking at their we are looking at their similarities, what do you think similarities, what do you think contrasting means?contrasting means?

ContrastContrast

So if comparing two things means So if comparing two things means we are looking at their we are looking at their similarities, what do you think similarities, what do you think contrasting means?contrasting means?

--We would be looking at the --We would be looking at the DIFFERENCES between two DIFFERENCES between two things.things.

ContrastContrast

So if you are reading a selection and So if you are reading a selection and they are discussing differences they are discussing differences between two things, then you have between two things, then you have a contrast pattern of organization.a contrast pattern of organization.

Don’t get confused between Don’t get confused between comparison and contrasting comparison and contrasting because it is VERY easy to do!!!!because it is VERY easy to do!!!!

ContrastContrast

You can find words that can help you You can find words that can help you determine if an article you are reading determine if an article you are reading is a contrasting article by looking at is a contrasting article by looking at the words in our reading book on page the words in our reading book on page 179!!!!!!179!!!!!!

Knowing all of these words is Knowing all of these words is impossible, but being able to impossible, but being able to recognize several of them will recognize several of them will definitely help you come state test definitely help you come state test time!!!!time!!!!

ContrastContrast

Practice 5Practice 5 Page 182Page 182 Paragraph BParagraph B

ContrastContrast

Practice 5Practice 5 Page 182Page 182 Paragraph BParagraph B

on the other hand, while, differenton the other hand, while, different

What is the pattern of What is the pattern of organization?organization? When adults in the United States meet for When adults in the United States meet for

the first time, one of the first questions the first time, one of the first questions they ask each other is, “What do you do?” they ask each other is, “What do you do?” A person’s occupation—doctor, lawyer, A person’s occupation—doctor, lawyer, garbage collector, police officer, or garbage collector, police officer, or mortician—affects how he or she is mortician—affects how he or she is perceived by others and the nature of the perceived by others and the nature of the interaction that will follow. In the same interaction that will follow. In the same way, when college students meet, they way, when college students meet, they often ask, “What’s you major?” This is often ask, “What’s you major?” This is essentially the same question, in that it essentially the same question, in that it implies, “What occupation do you plan to implies, “What occupation do you plan to enter after you graduate?”enter after you graduate?”

What are CLUES?What are CLUES?

When adults in the United States meet for When adults in the United States meet for the first time, one of the first questions the first time, one of the first questions they ask each other is, “What do you do?” they ask each other is, “What do you do?” A person’s occupation—doctor, lawyer, A person’s occupation—doctor, lawyer, garbage collector, police officer, or garbage collector, police officer, or mortician—affects how he or she is mortician—affects how he or she is perceived by others and the nature of the perceived by others and the nature of the interaction that will follow. In the same interaction that will follow. In the same way, when college students meet, they way, when college students meet, they often ask, “What’s you major?” This is often ask, “What’s you major?” This is essentially the same question, in that it essentially the same question, in that it implies, “What occupation do you plan to implies, “What occupation do you plan to enter after you graduate?”enter after you graduate?”

Comparison Clues!!!!Comparison Clues!!!!

When adults in the United States meet for When adults in the United States meet for the first time, one of the first questions the first time, one of the first questions they ask each other is, “What do you do?” they ask each other is, “What do you do?” A person’s occupation—doctor, lawyer, A person’s occupation—doctor, lawyer, garbage collector, police officer, or garbage collector, police officer, or mortician—affects how he or she is mortician—affects how he or she is perceived by others and the nature of the perceived by others and the nature of the interaction that will follow. interaction that will follow. In the same In the same wayway, when college students meet, they , when college students meet, they often ask, “What’s you major?” This is often ask, “What’s you major?” This is essentially the same question, in that it essentially the same question, in that it implies, “What occupation do you plan to implies, “What occupation do you plan to enter after you graduate?”enter after you graduate?”

Comparison Clues!!!Comparison Clues!!!

When adults in the United States meet for When adults in the United States meet for the first time, one of the first questions the first time, one of the first questions they ask each other is, “What do you do?” they ask each other is, “What do you do?” A person’s occupation—doctor, lawyer, A person’s occupation—doctor, lawyer, garbage collector, police officer, or garbage collector, police officer, or mortician—affects how he or she is mortician—affects how he or she is perceived by others and the nature of the perceived by others and the nature of the interaction that will follow. interaction that will follow. In the same In the same wayway, when college students meet, they , when college students meet, they often ask, “What’s you major?” This is often ask, “What’s you major?” This is essentially the essentially the samesame question, in that it question, in that it implies, “What occupation do you plan to implies, “What occupation do you plan to enter after you graduate?”enter after you graduate?”

What is the Pattern of What is the Pattern of Organization?Organization? An experiment with surgery patients shows how touching An experiment with surgery patients shows how touching

can have different meanings. A nurse whose jobs it was can have different meanings. A nurse whose jobs it was to tell patients about their upcoming surgery purposely to tell patients about their upcoming surgery purposely touched the patients twice, once briefly on the arm when touched the patients twice, once briefly on the arm when she introduced herself, and then for a full minute on the she introduced herself, and then for a full minute on the arm during the instruction period. When she left, she arm during the instruction period. When she left, she also shook the patient’s hand. The nurse’s touches also shook the patient’s hand. The nurse’s touches affected women and men differently. For women affected women and men differently. For women patients, the touching was soothing. It lowered their patients, the touching was soothing. It lowered their blood pressure and anxiety both before the surgery and blood pressure and anxiety both before the surgery and for more than an hour afterward. The touching upset the for more than an hour afterward. The touching upset the men, however. Their blood pressure and anxiety men, however. Their blood pressure and anxiety increased. Experimenters have suggested that the men increased. Experimenters have suggested that the men found it harder to acknowledge dependency and fear. found it harder to acknowledge dependency and fear. Instead of a comfort, the touch was a threatening Instead of a comfort, the touch was a threatening reminder of their vulnerablility.reminder of their vulnerablility.

  

What Clues Give This What Clues Give This Away?Away? An experiment with surgery patients shows how touching An experiment with surgery patients shows how touching

can have different meanings. A nurse whose jobs it was can have different meanings. A nurse whose jobs it was to tell patients about their upcoming surgery purposely to tell patients about their upcoming surgery purposely touched the patients twice, once briefly on the arm when touched the patients twice, once briefly on the arm when she introduced herself, and then for a full minute on the she introduced herself, and then for a full minute on the arm during the instruction period. When she left, she arm during the instruction period. When she left, she also shook the patient’s hand. The nurse’s touches also shook the patient’s hand. The nurse’s touches affected women and men differently. For women affected women and men differently. For women patients, the touching was soothing. It lowered their patients, the touching was soothing. It lowered their blood pressure and anxiety both before the surgery and blood pressure and anxiety both before the surgery and for more than an hour afterward. The touching upset the for more than an hour afterward. The touching upset the men, however. Their blood pressure and anxiety men, however. Their blood pressure and anxiety increased. Experimenters have suggested that the men increased. Experimenters have suggested that the men found it harder to acknowledge dependency and fear. found it harder to acknowledge dependency and fear. Instead of a comfort, the touch was a threatening Instead of a comfort, the touch was a threatening reminder of their vulnerablility.reminder of their vulnerablility.

  

Contrast Clues!!!!Contrast Clues!!!!

An experiment with surgery patients shows how touching An experiment with surgery patients shows how touching can have different meanings. A nurse whose jobs it was can have different meanings. A nurse whose jobs it was to tell patients about their upcoming surgery purposely to tell patients about their upcoming surgery purposely touched the patients twice, once briefly on the arm when touched the patients twice, once briefly on the arm when she introduced herself, and then for a full minute on the she introduced herself, and then for a full minute on the arm during the instruction period. When she left, she arm during the instruction period. When she left, she also shook the patient’s hand. The nurse’s touches also shook the patient’s hand. The nurse’s touches affectedaffected women and men differently. For women women and men differently. For women patients, the touching was soothing. It lowered their patients, the touching was soothing. It lowered their blood pressure and anxiety both before the surgery and blood pressure and anxiety both before the surgery and for more than an hour afterward. The touching upset the for more than an hour afterward. The touching upset the men, however. Their blood pressure and anxiety men, however. Their blood pressure and anxiety increased. Experimenters have suggested that the men increased. Experimenters have suggested that the men found it harder to acknowledge dependency and fear. found it harder to acknowledge dependency and fear. Instead of a comfort, the touch was a threatening Instead of a comfort, the touch was a threatening reminder of their vulnerablility.reminder of their vulnerablility.

  

Contrast Clues!!!Contrast Clues!!!

An experiment with surgery patients shows how touching An experiment with surgery patients shows how touching can have different meanings. A nurse whose jobs it was can have different meanings. A nurse whose jobs it was to tell patients about their upcoming surgery purposely to tell patients about their upcoming surgery purposely touched the patients twice, once briefly on the arm when touched the patients twice, once briefly on the arm when she introduced herself, and then for a full minute on the she introduced herself, and then for a full minute on the arm during the instruction period. When she left, she arm during the instruction period. When she left, she also shook the patient’s hand. The nurse’s touches also shook the patient’s hand. The nurse’s touches affectedaffected women and men women and men differentlydifferently. For women . For women patients, the touching was soothing. It lowered their patients, the touching was soothing. It lowered their blood pressure and anxiety both before the surgery and blood pressure and anxiety both before the surgery and for more than an hour afterward. The touching upset the for more than an hour afterward. The touching upset the men, however. Their blood pressure and anxiety men, however. Their blood pressure and anxiety increased. Experimenters have suggested that the men increased. Experimenters have suggested that the men found it harder to acknowledge dependency and fear. found it harder to acknowledge dependency and fear. Instead of a comfort, the touch was a threatening Instead of a comfort, the touch was a threatening reminder of their vulnerablility.reminder of their vulnerablility.

  

Contrast Clues!!!Contrast Clues!!!

An experiment with surgery patients shows how touching An experiment with surgery patients shows how touching can have different meanings. A nurse whose jobs it was can have different meanings. A nurse whose jobs it was to tell patients about their upcoming surgery purposely to tell patients about their upcoming surgery purposely touched the patients twice, once briefly on the arm when touched the patients twice, once briefly on the arm when she introduced herself, and then for a full minute on the she introduced herself, and then for a full minute on the arm during the instruction period. When she left, she arm during the instruction period. When she left, she also shook the patient’s hand. The nurse’s touches also shook the patient’s hand. The nurse’s touches affectedaffected women and men women and men differentlydifferently. For women . For women patients, the touching was soothing. It lowered their patients, the touching was soothing. It lowered their blood pressure and anxiety both before the surgery and blood pressure and anxiety both before the surgery and for more than an hour afterward. The touching upset the for more than an hour afterward. The touching upset the men, men, howeverhowever. Their blood pressure and anxiety . Their blood pressure and anxiety increased. Experimenters have suggested that the men increased. Experimenters have suggested that the men found it harder to acknowledge dependency and fear. found it harder to acknowledge dependency and fear. Instead of a comfort, the touch was a threatening Instead of a comfort, the touch was a threatening reminder of their vulnerablility.reminder of their vulnerablility.

  

Contrast Clues!!!Contrast Clues!!!

An experiment with surgery patients shows how touching An experiment with surgery patients shows how touching can have different meanings. A nurse whose jobs it was can have different meanings. A nurse whose jobs it was to tell patients about their upcoming surgery purposely to tell patients about their upcoming surgery purposely touched the patients twice, once briefly on the arm when touched the patients twice, once briefly on the arm when she introduced herself, and then for a full minute on the she introduced herself, and then for a full minute on the arm during the instruction period. When she left, she arm during the instruction period. When she left, she also shook the patient’s hand. The nurse’s touches also shook the patient’s hand. The nurse’s touches affectedaffected women and men women and men differentlydifferently. For women . For women patients, the touching was soothing. It lowered their patients, the touching was soothing. It lowered their blood pressure and anxiety both before the surgery and blood pressure and anxiety both before the surgery and for more than an hour afterward. The touching upset the for more than an hour afterward. The touching upset the men, men, howeverhowever. Their blood pressure and anxiety . Their blood pressure and anxiety increased. Experimenters have suggested that the men increased. Experimenters have suggested that the men found it harder to acknowledge dependency and fear. found it harder to acknowledge dependency and fear. Instead of Instead of a comfort, the touch was a threatening a comfort, the touch was a threatening reminder of their vulnerablility.reminder of their vulnerablility.