Compare and contrast the shape of the counties in Kentucky and Ohio. List one thing they have in common and one thing that is different.

Northwest Ordinance

• Passed by Congress in 1787.• Creates procedure for the

Northwest Territory to become no less than three and no more than five states• Guarantees basic rights such as

freedom of religion and right to trial by jury•Most importantly, it prohibits the

practice of slavery in these territories.

Impact on Westward Expansion

•Settlers pour into Ohio Valley and Northwest Territory.•Sets up blueprint for the admission of new states into the United States•Also sets up conflict between North and South over the expansion of slavery to new states

George Washington, 1789-1797

• Jay’s Treaty, 1794 – English agree to vacate their forts in the Northwest Territory•Pinckney’s Treaty, 1794 – Settles

boundary with Spanish Florida and grants American access to New Orleans.•Battle of Fallen Timbers, 1794

removes Native Americans from Northwest Territory.

French Revolution, 1789

•French spend so much helping the American’s to win their revolution that it bankrupts the state.•The people of France execute their king and establish the French Republic•They will use the American government as model•Washington keeps United States neutral during the Revolution.

New States added under Washington•Vermont, 1791, was created from land that had

belonged to New Hampshire and New York.•Kentucky, 1792, was created from the three most

western counties of Virginia (Fayette, Jefferson, and Lincoln)• Tennessee, 1796, was originally known as the

Southwest Territory

Washington’s Farewell Address

•Washington will peacefully give up power after his second term.• In his farewell address he warns America not to form

political parties.• Says they will distract America from its goals, create

jealousy, problems, and conflicts.• John Adams will replace Washington as the President.•Government will be divided between Federalists and

Democratic Republicans, the first political parties

Check for understanding. . .

• Why was Washington’s choice to leave office so significant in United States and world history?

XYZ Affair with France

• Three ambassadors were sent to stop France from attacking our trading ships.• They would not meet with the

ambassadors unless they paid a bribe.• The Americans refused and

almost went to war with France

“ Millions for defense, but not one cent for

tribute.”

In response, Congress passes the Alien and Sedition Acts

These make it illegal to say something bad about the

government.

The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions declared the acts

unconstitutional

The Louisiana Purchase

Thomas Jefferson becomes the third president in 1800.

In 1804, Napoleon offers to sell him Louisiana for 12

million.

The Constitution does not give the President the right to purchase

land.

Jefferson assumes it is covered under the

right to negotiate treaties.

•The Louisiana Purchase will double the size of the United States.• It will eventually become part of fifteen states.• It guarantees control of the Mississippi River.

Lewis and Clark are hired by Jefferson to survey the new

territory for the United States

War of 1812

America defeats Great Britain, even though

Washington D.C. is burned.

America will come out of the war a respected

world power.

The Monroe Doctrine

•President James Monroe will declare North and South America off limits to the Europeans. No colonies.•America and Europe

agree to stay out of each other’s business.

America Early ChallengesEvent President Why it was a challenge

Northwest Ordinance allows expansion, Articles of

Confederation

America must decide how new states will enter the United

States

Jay’s Treaty and Pinckney’s Treaty, 1794

Washington,1789-1797

America must gain control of its territory east of the Mississippi

Washington Gives Up Power, 1797

Can the Constitution transfer power peacefully

XYZ Affair, 1798Adams, 1797-

1801

How can America deal with a lack of respect with world

powers

America’s Early ChallengesEvent President Why it was a challenge

Jefferson purchases Louisiana, 1804 Jefferson,

1801-1809

Can the Constitution handle new situations

War of 1812 Madison, 1809-1817

American wins the respect of the world

Adams-Onis Treaty, 1819Monroe,

1817-1825

Full control of Atlantic coast

Monroe Doctrine, 1823 America is the dominant power of the New World

The Age of Jackson

Wins Election of 1828; Beats John

Quincy Adams

He was the first president of the Democrat Party

His presidency was dominated by the Indian

Removal Act, the national bank, and increasing

sectionalism

Native Americans in Early America

• By 1830, Native Americans still held lands East of the Mississippi in the Northwest and the Southeast surrounded by white settlers.• Cherokees were most advanced and were

known as the “civilized”tribe• They had a written language, a constitution,

and a capital called New Echota• Chief John Ross traveled to Washington D.C.

and argued their case to the Supreme Court and won.

Early settlers would build their homes on

Native American lands without permission.

States would remove Native Americans and give their homes and land to white settlers.

Many Native Americans fought

back, burning settler’s homes and farms.

According the Jackson, Indians would need to be removed for their

own safety

Indian Removal Act

• Settlers wanted the Native American’s land east of the Mississippi.• Congress ignores Supreme

Court and passes the Indian Removal Act in 1829. • The act will relocate the

Native Americans to lands West of the Mississippi River.

Trail of Tears

• The Cherokee will travel 800 miles to their reservation.• 4,000 will die and the trip will

be known as the Trail of Tears.• The Seminole Indians in

Florida will continue to fight and some remain in Florida today.

National Bank Crisis

• The Second National Bank was controlled by the federal government and controlled the state banks.• Jackson opposed the national bank because the Constitution

didn’t allow for one.•He closed the Second National Bank and put the federal

money into smaller state banks, which loaned money to poor farmers in the South and West.• This will help to create greater sectionalism in the United

States because it gives more power to individual states.

Industrial Revolution in America

The Industrial Revolution begins in Great Britain with the textile (cloth) industry. Machines replace people/animals

Samuel Slater builds first textile mill in Rhode Island. Starts Industrial Revolution in America.

The Northern states will depend on manufacturing built during the Industrial Revolution for their economy.

The Industrial Revolution will change transportation and

communication.

Roads will be built to connect major cities.

The Erie Canal opens in 1825. By 1840, there are

3000 canals built.

By 1840, there are 3,000 miles of railroad track.

Industrial Revolution in the South

• Eli Whitney invents the cotton gin which removes seeds from cotton easier.•Production of “King Cotton” in the south rapidly

increased because of demand from Northern and British factories.• The Southern states will depend on agriculture,

especially cotton, for their economy.•Cotton production increases demand for slaves in the

South.

Manifest Destiny

•Manifest Destiny is the belief that America has a God given right to settle all the land from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean.

Manifest encourages Americans to move west using three main trails:1. The Santa Fe Trail started in Missouri and led

settlers to the American Southwest.2. The Oregon Trail started in Missouri and led

settlers into the American Northwest and California.

3. The Mormon Trail was used by Joseph Smith to lead the Mormons to Utah.

Republic of Texas

By 1830, 30,000 Americans had settled in Texas, which was owned by Mexico

They demanded independence from Mexico, and fought battles at the Alamo and San Jacinto.

They became an independent country in 1836, and were annexed into the United States in 1845.

Mexican-American War

•Mexico was angry over losing Texas to the United States.•After Texas, America offered

to buy New Mexico and California. Mexico refused to meet with the American diplomats.•We declared war on Mexico

in 1846.

Mexican-American War

• The first United States Marines invade Mexico at Veracruz.• The United States easily defeat

the Mexican Army and take their capital, Mexico City.• The Treaty of Guadalupe

Hidalgo gives us most of the American Southwest, setting out current border with Mexico.

California Gold Rush

•Gold was discovered at Sutter’s Mill in California in 1848.•By 1849, 80,000 “Forty-Niners”

had moved to California to get rich mining gold.• This flood of population gave

California enough people to become a state in 1849.