comparative studycoco cola vs pepsi

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF COKE & PEPSI SUBMITTED IN THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 2003-2005 SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY: U.P. TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY SACHIN CHAURASIA LUCKNOW MBA-II SEMESTER

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ACOMPARATIVE STUDY

OFCOKE & PEPSI

SUBMITTED IN THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THEAWARD OF

MASTER OF BUSINESSADMINISTRATION

2003-2005

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:U.P. TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY SACHIN CHAURASIALUCKNOW MBA-II SEMESTER

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Institute Of Professional Excellence & Management  

A-13/1, SOUTH SITE OF G.T. ROAD, INDUSTRIAL AREA, NH-24,GHAZIABAD-201001

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CONTENTS

1. Acknowledgement

2. Preface

3. Introduction

(a) History of Coca-Cola

(b)Around the world

(c) Various brands of Coca-Cola Company

(d)Products and packaging MYTHS and RUMORS

(e) Mission Coca Cola India(f) Faboulas facts about Coca-Cola

(g)Slogan

(h)Going Global Coca-Cola dominated,

4. A Brief profile of Flavoured & Pack.

5. Objective

6. Research Methodology

(a) Method of marking research

(b)Research decision

(c) Method of data collection

(d)Sampling plan

7. Limitations

8. Analysis & Design

9. Finding

10.Conclusion

11.Bibliography

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PREFACE

The present is an era of cut throat competition after liberalization policy of 

Indian Govt. plethora of MNC enter in India. As a result to day every

 business hold a view of globalization.

The new product are launching and the old and absolute product are being

obliterating from the market every second.

There is no monopoly played by an enterprise in every one.

There is an existence of rival enterprise the rivals are strong enough to

vanguisth each other sort of dard erstine struggle has taken its break though

in the corporate and business world..

The same is befalling between Coca-Cola and Pepsi.Some times one Coca Cola over powered the Pepsi and some time vice versa

has taken place regarding the market share and scaled volume though the

rivalry contrive rood the year but it is at zenith in summer.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I wish to express my gratitude towards Mr.

Rajesh Choudhary and Mr. Thomas Pappan for

helping me to get real life exposure in the corporate

world.

I wish to express my heartfelt thanks to Mr.

Aneesh Mathur (A.S.M.) and  Mr. Pramod

Sharma, Shahadara. For their cooperation and

guidance in successful completion of the assigned

project.

 

SACHIN CHAURASIA

MBA- III Sem.

2003-2005

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  INTRODUCTION

HISTORY OF COCA-COLA

BIRTH OF A REFRESHING IDEA

John Stryth pemberton first introduced the refreshing coke taste of Coca cola

in Atlanta Georgia. It way may of 1886 when the pharmacist concocted a

caramel colored syrup in a three legged brass kettle in this backyard. The

first “distribute” the new product by carrying Coca Cola in a Jud down the

sstrect to Jacobs Pharmacy for five cenls consumers could enjoy & glass of 

Coca Cola at the soda function whether we design or accident carbonatedwater way termed with new syrup, producing a drink, that was proclaimed

Delicious and refreshing.

Dr. pemberton’s partner and bookkeeper frank M. Robinson, Suggested the

name and penned Coca Cola in unique following script that is famous world

wide today. Mr. Robinsan thought “the two C’s would look well inadvertising.

By 1886, sales of Coca Cola averaged nine drinks per day. That first year,

Dr. Pemberton sold 25 gallons of syrop, shipped in bright red wooden kgs

.red has been a distinctive color associated with the No.1 soft drink brand

ever since. For this efforts, Dr. Palmerton grossed $50 and spent $73.96 on

advertising.

In 1891, Atlanta entrepreneur. As g. candler had acquired complete owner 

ship of the Coca cola business within for his merchandising flair helped

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expand consumption of Coca cola to every state and territory. In 1919, the

coca cola way sold to a group investors for $25million, Robert W.Woodrup

 become president of the Coca cola company in 1923, and his more than six

decades of leadership took the business to unrivaled height of commercialsuccess making coca Cola in institution the world over.

COCA-COLA FIRST BOTTLED

Coca Cola began as a ferntevin product but candy merchant jusepth A.

Biedentrnn of Mississippi was looking for a way to serve this resrashing

 beverage at picnics. Tiebegan offering bottled Coca –Cola, using syrup

shipped from Atlanta, during an especially, busy summer in 1894.

In 1899, large scale bottling become possible when as concluder granted

exclusive bottling rights to Joseph B. whiter head and Benjamin F. Thomas

of Chattanooga, Jenacessec. The contract market the beginning of the Coca

cola company’s unique intendment bottling system that remains the

formdation of the company soft drink operations.

Back then, sod a bottles were all very similar and Coca-Cola has many

imitators, which consumers would be unable to identify until they took a sip.

The answer way to create a distinct bottle for Coca Cola. As a result the

genuine Coca Cola bottle with the contour shape now known the world waydeveloped in 1915 by the red Glass company.

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THE BOTTLING SYSTEM

The day Coca Cola reach consumers and customer around the world through

a vast distribution network made up of local bottling companies. These

 bottlers are located around the world, and most are independent business.Using concentrates and beverages bases produced by the Coca Cola

company, our bottling partners package and market products, the distribute

them to more than & million customer and more than 2 million vending

machines around the world.

The Coca Cola company is committed to assisting its bottlers with the

function of an efficient bottling operation. Quality contract, ministered

constantly by the company is necessary to produce high quality soft drinks.

TRADE MARKS

Our trademarks are our most valuable ossets. The trademark “Coca-Cola”

was registered with the U.S. patent and trademark office in 1893, followed

 by “Coke” in 1945 the unique contour bottle, familiar to consumers every

when, way granted registration is a trademark by the U.S. patent and

trademark office in 1977, in honor a warded to few other packages. In

1982, the Coca Cola company introduced diet Coke is U.S. consumer 

marking the first extension of me company’s most precious trademark to

another product later years saw the introduction DP additional products

 bearing the Coca Cola name which now emcon passes a powerful line of sixCoal products.

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Today, the world’s favorite soft drink Coca Cola the world best known and

most admired trademark; recognized by more than 90 percent of the world

 population.

PRODUCT ADVANCEMENT

In 1985, a new Cola emerged from laboratory research. Through internal

evaluation and thousand by blind taste tests, consumer said they preferred it

over both Coca Cola and its primary competition. As a result. In April 1985,

the company proudly introduced the new taster of coke the first change in

the secrete formula since my product way created in 1886.

The launch of Coke with the new taste took place in the United State and

Canada.

Consumer respected with an unprecedented and new famous out pouring of 

loyalty and offering for me original formula of Coca-cola returned & Coca-

Cola classic. In 1986, Coca-Cola classic became and still remains, the

nations top-selling soft drink.

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MISSION OF THE COCA-COLA COMPANY

The mission of the Coca-Cola Company is to increase share-owner value

over time. The company accomplished the mission by working with its  business partners to deliver satisfaction and value to customers and

consumers through a worldwide system of superior brands and services, thus

increasing brand equity on a global basis.

GUIDING PRINCIPLES OF COCA-COLA INDIA

1. We will conduct ourselves and our business activities with the highest

standards of honesty integrity and professionalism.

2. We will recognize the positive contributions that we make as

individuals and team members to produce our business success.

3. We will encourage a learning environment where people can

constantly grow, develop and contribute.

4. We will strive for excellence and seek continuous improvement in

everything we do.

5. We will respect all stakeholders, including employees, partners and

suppliers and instill them with a passion to deliver the highest quality

goods and service.

6. We will foster initiative and creativity by empowering individual to

7. attain well-defined objectives.

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VISION OF COCA-COLA INDIA

Provide exceptional strategic leadership in the Coca-Cola India System-

resulting in consumer and customer preference and loyalty, through Coca-

Cola’s commitment to them, and in a highly profitable Coca-ColaCorporation branded beverages system.

MISSION OF COCA-COLA INDIA

Create consumer products, services and communication customer service

and bottling system strategies, processes and tools in order to create

competitive advantage and deliver superiors value to:

• Consumer as a superior beverage experience.

• Consumers as an opportunity to grow profit through the use of 

finished drinks.

• Bottlers as an opportunity to grow profits and volume.

• TCCC as trademark enhancement and positive economic value-added.

Suppliers as an opportunity to make reasonable profits when creatingreal value-added in an environment of system wide teamwork, flexible

 business system and continuous improvement.

• CCI Associates as superior career opportunity.

• Indian society in the form of a contribution to economic and socio

development.

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FABOULAS FACTS ABOUT COCA-COLA

The world has changed in many ways since pharmacist, John Styth

Pemberton first introduced the refreshing taste of Coca-Cola in Atlanta,

Georgia. However, the pure and simple magic of one thing remains the same

Coca-Cola the name and the product mean so many good things to hundred

of millions of consumers around the globe. Coca-Cola products are served

more than 7 05 million times long way to come after such a modest

 beginning..

May 1986

Pemberton concocted a caramel-colored syrup in a three-legged brass kettle

in his backyard. He first “distribute” the new product by carrying Coca-Cola

in jug down the street to Jacobas Pharmacy. For five cents, consumers could

enjoy a glass of Coca-Cola at the soda fountain. Whether by design or 

accident, carbonated water was teamed with the new syrup, producing adrink that was proclaimed “Delicious and Refreshing”. Dr. Pemberton’s

  partner and bookkeeper, Frank M. Robinson, suggested the name and

 penned, in the unique flowing script that is famous worldwide today.

1885

Sales of Coca-Cola averaged nine drinks per day. That first year, Dr.

Pemberton sold 25 gallons of syrup, shipped in bright red wooden kegs. Red

has been a distinctive color associated with the No. 1 soft drink brand ever 

since. For this efforts, Dr. Pemberton grossed #59 and spent $73.96 on

advertising.

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1891

Atlanta entrepreneur Asa G. Candler had acquired complete ownership of 

the Coca-Cola business. Within four years, Candler’s merchandising flair helped consumption of Coca-Cola to every state and territory.

1893

In January “Coca-Cola” was registered in the U.S. Patent office.

1894 The first syrup plant outside of Atlanta was opened in Dallas.

1906

The first two countries outside the United States to bottle Coca-Cola were

cuba and Panama.

1915

The Root Glass company created the Coca-Cola contour glass bottle.

1917

3 Milloin Coke’s sold per day. “Coca-Cola” is the worlds most recognized

trademark.

1919

The Coca-Cola company was sold to a group of investors for $25 million.

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1923

Robert W. Woodruff became president of the Coca-Cola Company. His

more than six decades of leadership took the business to unrivaled heights of 

commercial success, making Coca-Cola an institution the world over.

1925

6 Million Coke’s sold per day.

1927

The first Coca-Cola radio advertisement.

1928

Sales of bottled Coca-Cola surpassed fountain sales for the first time.

1929

Advertising slogan

1940

Coke is bottled in over 40 countries.

1956

Advertising slogan –“ Coca-Cola, making good things taste better”.

1961

Sprite was introduced.

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1970

Advertising slogan –“It’s the Real Thing”.

1971

The song “I’d like to Buy the World a Coke” was released.

1979

Advertising slogan –“Have a Coke and a Smile”.

1982

Diet Coke was introduced in July.

1988

Coca-Cola was the first independent operator in the Soviet Uuion.

1989

Advertising slogan-“Can’t Beat the Feeling”.

1993

Coca-Cola exceeds 10 billion bases sold worldwide.

1993

Advertising slogan-“Always Coca-Cola”.

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1907

In Hawaii.

1912

IN the Philippines.

1920

In France.

1927

In Belgium, Bermuda, Colombia, Honduras, Italy, Mexica, Haiti and Burma.

1928

In Antigua, China, Guatemala, Holland, Spain, Venezuela, and the

Dominican Republic.

1929

In Germany and Spanish Morocco.

1938

Australia, Austria, Gutana, Surinam, Jamaica, Curacao, Luzemboug,

 Norway, Scotland, South Africa, the Virgin Islands, and Trinidad.

1940

In Ecuador, and EI Salvador.

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1942

In Nicaragua, Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica, Iceland, and Uruguay.

1945

In Egypt. And Martinique

1946

In Barbados, Japan, and Okinawa

1947

In Morocco and Tangier 

1948

In Liberia, Rhodesi, and Guadeloupe.

More fund facts and trivia.

• Mexico and Iceland have the highest per capita consumption of Coca-

Cola

• Coca-Cola translated to Chinese means, “To make mouth happy”.

• Every second over 7,000 Coca-Cola products are consumed.

• If all the Coca-Cola every produced were in 61/2 oz. Bottles and

 paled end to end they would wrap around the earth more than 11,863

times.

• The tallest Coca-Cola bottling plants are in Hong Kong. The plant in

Quarry Bay is 17 floors, and the plant in Shatin is 25 floors.

• The bottling plant at the highest elevation in the world is located in

Bolivai, at 12,000 feet.

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• The world’s longest Coca-Cola truck is in Sweden. It is 7 0 feet long

with a four-azle trailer.

• The best selling non-carbonated soft drink in Japan is a product of the

Coca-Cola Company named “Georgia”, a coffee flavored beverage.

• Coca-Cola first crossed the Atlantic on borad the Graf Zeppelin, the

Geman dirigible.

• The Varsity Restaurant in Atlanta, Georgia, bas earned the distinction

of serving the highest volume of Coca-Cola anywhere. It dispenses

nearly 3 million servings of Coca-Cola annually.

• If all the Coca-Cola vending machines in the U.S. were stacked oneon top of each other, the pile would be over 450 miles high

What in a Coke”

• Carbonated Water 

• High Fructose Corn Syrup

Caramel Color • Phosphoric Acid

•  Natural Flavors

• Caffeine

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SLOGANS FORM THE 1900’S

• 1904- Delicious and Refreshing• 1905- Wherever you go…. You will find Coca-Cola

• 1905- Coca-Cola Revives and Sustains

• 1906- The drink of quality. The Great National Temperance

• 1907-Coca-Cola is full of vim, vigor and go

• 1908- Get the genuine

• 1909- Whenever our see an arrow, think of Coca-Cola

• 1911- Enjoy a glass of liquid laughter 

• 1917- Three Million a Day.

SLOGANS FROM THE 1920’S

• 1920- Drink Coca-Cola with soda, the hit that saves the day

• 1922- Thirst knows no season

• 1923- Refresh yourself, There’s nothing like it when you’re thirsty.

• 1924- Pause and refresh yourself 

• 1925- Six Million a Day

• 1926- Stop at the red sign

• 1927- Around the corner anywhere, at the little red sign

• 1928- A pure drink of natural flavors

• 1929- The pause that refreshes

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SLOGANS FROM THE 1930’S

• 1930- Meet me at the soda fountain

• 1932- The drink that makes the pause refreshing

• 1933- Don’t’ wear a tired, thirsty face

• 1934- When it’s hard to get started, start with a Coca-Cola

• 1935- All trails lead to ice-cold Coca-Cola

• 1936- Get the feel of wholesome refreshment

• 1937- Stop for a pause … go refreshed

• 1938- Anytime is the right time to pause and refresh, Pure as sunlight

• 1939- Thirst stops here. Makes travel more pleasant

SLOGANS FORM THE 1940’S

• 1940- The packages that gets a welcome at hoem

• 1941- A stop that belongs on your daily timetable

• 1942- the only thing like Coca-Cola is Coca-Cola itself 

• 1943- A taste all its own

• 1944- Coke means Coca-Cola

• 1947- Relax with the pause that refreshes

• 1948- Where there’s Coca-Cola there’s Hospitality

• 1949- Along the highway to anywhere

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SLOGANS FROM THE 1950’S

• 1950- Help yourself to refreshment

• 1951- Good of food and Coca-Cola just naturally go together 

• 1952- Coke follows thirst everywhere

• 1953- Dependable as sunrise

• 1954- For people on the go

• 1955- Americas preferred taste

• 1956- Feel the difference, Makes good things taste better 

• 1957- Sign of good taste

• 1958- Refreshment the whole world prefers

• 1959- Make it a real meal

SLOGANS FROM THE 1960’S

• 1960- Relax with a Coke, Revive with a Coke

• 1961- Coke and food

• 1962- Enjoy that refreshing new feeling

• 1963- Things go better with Coke

• 1964- You’ll go better refreshed

• 1965- Something more than a soft drink 

• 1966- Coke… after Coke… after Coke

SLOGANS FROM THE 1970’S

• 1970- It’s the real thing

• 1971- I’d like to buy the world a Coke

• 1972- Coke… goes with the good times

• 1975- Look up America, see what we’ve got

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• 1976- Coke adds life

SLOGANS FROM THE 1980’S

• 1980- Have a Coke and a smile

• 1982- Coke is it

• 1985- We’ve got a taste for you. Amercia’s real choice Coca-Cola

Classic!

• 1986- Catch the Wave, Red, White and you!

• 1988- Cant’ beat the feeling

• 1989- Can’t beat the real thing

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A BRIEF PROFILE OF FLAVOUR AND PACK 

Flavour Ingredients Pack Product Company

Cola Cola Flavour 

carbonated water sugar 

200Ml.

300Ml.500Ml.1 Litre1.5 Litre2 Litre

Coke,

Thumsup

Pepsi

Coca-Coal

Pepsi

Orange Orange Flavour +CarbonatedWater+ Sugar 

200Ml.300Ml.500Ml.

1 Litre1.5 Litre2 Litre

Fanta

Mirinda

Coca-Cola

Pepsi

Fruit Juice Mango Pulp+Treated water+sugar 

250 ML Maaza

Slice

Coca-Cola

Pepsi

CloudyLemon

Lemon Flavour +CarbonatedWater+ Sugar 

200Ml.

300Ml.500Ml.1 Litre1.5 Litre2 Litre

Limca

Mirinda Lemon

Coca-Cola

Pepsi

Clear Lemon

Lemon Flavour+Carbonated Water + Sugar 

200Ml.300Ml.500Ml.

1 Litre1.5 Litre2 Litre

Sprite

7’UpDew

Coca-Cola

Pepsi

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GOING GLOBAL: COCA-COLA DOMINATES

COCA-COLA is certainly no stranger to global marketing. Long the world’sleading soft drink marker, the company now sells its brands in more than

200 countries. In fact, in recent years, as its domestic markets have lost their 

fizz. Coca-Cola has revved up every aspect of its global marketing. The

result; near world dominance of the soft drink market. The great “global

Cola wars” between Coca-Cola and rival Pepsi have become decidedly one-

sided. In the 1990s, while Pepsi’s sales volume rose just 2 percent, Coke

Classic consumption increased by more than 30 percent.

Since the early 1980s, soft drink consumption has grown at a rate of 3

  percent annually both domestically and internationally; during that same

 period, Coke’s volume has grown 5 percent and 7 percent, respectively.

Coca-Cola international prowess has played a major role in its dominance.

In fact, Coca-Cola earns over 70 percent of its profits aboard. Whereas in the

United States Coca-Cola captures a 44 percent market share versus Pepsi’s

31 percent, it outsells Pepsi 3 to 1 overseas and boasts 4 of the world’s 5

leading soft drink brands: Coca-Cola, diet Coke, Sprite, and Fanta. Coca-

Cola has handed Pepsi a number of crushing international setbacks. As a

result, Pepsi has recently experience flat or declining international soda

sales. During the same period, Coca-Cola has reported strong growth inLatin America and grew a stunning 20 percent in China, 17 percent in India,

and 16 percent in the Philippines. Pepsi is new retrenching its efforts aboard

 by focusing on emerging markets-China, India, and Indonesia-where Coke is

growing but does not yet dominate. Together, these three emerging markets

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 boast 2.4 billion people, nearly half the world’s total population. With their 

young populations, exploding incomes, and underdeveloped soft drink 

demand, they represent prime potential for Coca-Cola and Pepsi. For 

example, China’s 1.2 billion consumers-drink an average of only 5 servingsof soda per year, compared with 343 in the united states, crating heady

opportunity for growth. Indonesia, with 200 million people, nearly all of 

whom are Muslims for-bidden to consume alcohol, is what one top Coca-

Cola executive calls a “soft drink paradise”.

But even in these emerging markets, Pepsi will find the going rough in the

face of Coca-Cola’s international marketing savvy and heavy investment.

For instance, by the turn of the century, Coca-Cola will have spent almost $2

  billion building state-of-the-art Asian bottling plants and distribution

systems. And Coca-Cola possesses proven marketing prowess. It carefully

tailors its ads and other marketing efforts for each local market. For 

example, its Chinese New Year television ad featured a dragon in a holiday

 parade, adorned form head to tail with red Coke cans. The spot concluded,

“for many centuries, the color red has been the color for good luck and

 prosperity. Who are we to argue with ancient wisdom? In India, Coca-Cola

aggressively cultivates a local image. It claimed official sponsorship for 

World Cup Cricket, a favorite national sport, and used Indian cricket fans

rather than actors to promote Coke products. Coca-Cola markets effectively

to both retailers and imbibers. Observes one Coke watcher, “the companyhosts massive gatherings of up to 15,000 retailers to showcase everything

from the latest coolers and refrigerators, which Coke has for loan, to

advertising displays. And its salespeople go house-to-house in their quest for 

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new customers. In new Delhi alone, workers handed out more than 100,000

free bottles of Coke and Fanta last year.

  Nothing better illustrates Coca-Cola’s surging global power than theexplosive growth of Sprite. Sprite’s advertising uniformly targets the

world’s young people with the tag line “image is nothing thirst is everything.

Obey your thirst.” The campaign taps into the rebellious side of teenagers

and into their need to form individual identities.

According to Sprite’s director of brand marketing “the meaning of [Sprite]

and hat we stand for is exactly the same globally. Teens tell us it’s

incredibly relevant in nearly every market we go into. “however, as always,

Coca-Cola tailors its message to local consumers.

Coca-Cola’s success as a global power has made it one of the most

enduringly profitable companies in history. As one observe states, “Coke

will remain the 800 pound gorilla in the soft drink business for the

foreseeable future.” How profitable ahs Coca-Cola been over the decades?

Incredibly, a single share of Coca-Cola stock purchased for $40 in 1919

would be worth $4,847,000 today.

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OBJECTIVE

Objective is a very important in every filed of life. Every work is doneaccording to a predetermined objective.

The objective of my study are as followed:

1. What is the retailers problem.

2. What is the distribution system of Coca-Cola India.

3. What is the share of Coca-Cola India in market.

4. To know the retailers response towards the company.

5. To know retailers suggestions and recommendation about the Coca-

Cola India.

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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The research study is descriptive in nature, statistical techniques are

used to study the number respondents. The comprehensive of S.G.A.

and future prospect of S.G.A. in Shashadra reason the data is collected

so as to determine the effect an S.G.A. on the sale & volume customer

attitude and expectation. 

There are three of methods for marketing Research. These are as

follows:-

i) The observation Method

ii) The experimental Method

iii) The Survey Method

i) THE OBSERVATION METHOD: Under the observation

method, the information is sought by way of Investigator ‘s

own direct observation with out asking for the respondent

hence data are collected on the banks of observation no talk

take place.

ii) THE EXPERIMENTAL METHOD : Experimentation is not

easy to define. It will refer to that Research Process in which

one or more variables are manipulated under candidacies that

permits the collection of data that show the effect’s if any of 

such variable in confused fashion. Such a definite indicates

that the distinction between experimental and non

experimental research may some times be a matter of degree

rather is based on the concept that small scale experimental

is useful to indicate the expectation’s of large scale

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experiment. Never their a well designed experiment even

through it can not replicate total market. Candidates can

provide guidance and information for decision making.

iii) THE SURVEY METHOD: The information gathered directly

from individuals is cooled survey method.

a) Personal Interview

b) Mail Survey

c) Telephonic Survey

For me above survey method I have followed the following two types

of method for my project:-

d) Observation Method :- I went to route ride with

sales men and observed various routes of dilshad

Garden, Nand Nagri, Bhajanpura, Gokalpuri, Moti

Nagar, Man Sarover Park, Mojpur, Karaval

Nagar,Babarpur Area, Seelampur, and Sewadhman

Road and various out lets of those routes.e) Firstly, we have to 0 serve the market condition of 

the routed.

f) These route ride helped me to new various routes

and identify the outlets.

ii) Survey Through Personal Interview : In this method the

in formation gathered directly sami individuals & home I

prepared questionnaire and take direct personal interview of retailers.

Advantages: I) Direct Interaction with the retailers.

II) It helped me to collect reliable data.

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RESEARCH DESIGN

A Research project conducted scientifically has a specific frame work of 

research from the problem & this frame work is condition research is

known as the research design.

“ A research design is simply the frame work or plan for a

 study that is used as a guide in collecting and analyzing the

data. It is blue print that is followed in completing a study”.

The research process design way conclusive and statistical in nature

which would enable the company to take rational design. This is

because the sample size taken way large and techniques adopted were

for mass data. The data observation tabled and the results were in

form of percentage.

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METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION

a. PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION: Primary data are those

which are collected from the original source of event these

are two types:-

i. OBSERVATION: In this method, I went to route ride

with the salesman and observed various routes,

outlets and the entire supply system of Coca-Cola.

ii. SURVEY: Personal Interview: In survey method I

prepared a questionnaire and take direct personal

interview of retailers.

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QUESTIONNAIRE

Topic : Comparative study of Coke and Pepsi

Student Name : Sachin Chaurasia

Date :

1. a) Name of the outlet

b) Address

c) Contact Person with Phone Number

d) Type of outlet : Glossary Kiosk Provision Store Eatery Other

2. Present share of your outlet : Coke Pepsi

3. Customer Demand of Flavour-wise :

Flavour Coca-Cola Pepsi

Cola Thums Up Pepsi

Orange Fanta Mirinda

Cloudly Lemon Limca Lemon Mirinda

Clear Lemon Sprite 7-Up M.Dew

Mango Maaza Slice

Soda Kinley Everress

Water Kinley Aquafina

4.What are the demands of various packs of Coca Cola :

PACK DEMANDS IN %

200ml.250/300ml.500ml.1000ml.1500ml.2000ml.

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5. Demand of different customer group :

Group Coke Pepsi 

MaleFemale

Children

6. a) You are interested to sell : COKE PEPSI

REASON :

7. Satisfaction about Supply : COKE PEPSI

8. Salesman’s behaviour : COKE PEPSI

9. If you are interested to scale monopoly basis coca cola then what is your demand ?

10. Your recommendation about coca-cola company ?

-----------------------xxxxxxxxxxx-----------------------

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  Numbers of retailers covered : 215 Retailers

Company Name : Network Distribution

MARKET AREA OF SHAHADARA

Market Area :

•  Nand Nagri

• Dilshad Garden

Bhjanpura• Gokulpuri

• Jyoti Nagar 

• Maan Sarovar Park 

• Mojpur 

• Karaval Nagar 

Babarpur Area• Seelampur 

• Sewa Dham Road

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LIST OF OUTLETS = 215

1. CHOUDHARY HOTEL

2. AGARWAL STORE

3. ASHOK GENERAL STORE

4. RAJASTHAN HOTEL

5. KUNDANLAL SERVICE STATION.

6. PRADEEP STORE

7. AGARWAL STORE

8. PREM STORE

9. ARTI STORE

10.PADAM GENERAL STORE11.ANITA GENERAL STORE

12.RAJ GENERAL STORE

13.SHIV GENERAL STORE

14.LUCKY GENERAL STORE

15.ABDUL PAN CORNER 

16.ABID GENERAL STORE

17.SHAKHAWAT GENERAL STORE

18.RITU SWEET CORNER 19.SHRI KRISHAN SHAU GENERAL STORE

20.V.P. SHARMA GENERAL STORE

21.JINDAL KIRANA STORE

22.GUPTA GENERAL STORE

23.GANESH DAIRY

24.GUPTA TEA STORE

25.SACHIN JUICE CORNER 26.POOJA GENERAL STORE

27.HIND BAKERY & CONFECTIONERY

28.GUPTA PAN CORNER 

29.BABU JUICE CORNER 

30.SURESH CANTEENM

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31.MORNING STORE

32.I.H.B.A.S. CANTEEN

33.PRADEEP STORE

34.GARG STORE

35.HOME CARE STORE

36.NANK SWEET & CONFECTIONERY

37.AGARWAL SWEET & BAKERY

38.AGARWAL JAIN SWEET CORNER 

39.AMBAY GENERAL STORE

40.RAVI DAIRY

41.AMUL DOODH GENERAL STORE

42.MISHRA NAMKEEN BHANDAR 43.POOJA DAIRY

44.KOSMOS BAKERY

45.PUMMY FULL AC RESTAURANT

46.M.K. CONFECTIONERY STORE

47.STUDENT CORNER 

48.SHRI BALAJI SWEET CORNER 

49.RAMAGAYA CORNER 

50.PWAN CONFECTIONERY51.HARIRAM GENERAL STORE

52.KANKAJ JUICE CORNER 

53.STE SHOPPEE

54.APRITA BAZAR 

55.SRI SAI COLD DRINK 

56.RAWAT STORES

57.RAJU CONFECTIONER 

58.MOHINI SWEET CORNER 

59.PAYAL CONFECTIONERY

60.SHIV JUICE CORNER 

61.FRIENDS SOFTY CORNER 

62.GOPAL JI CONFECTIONERY

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63.AGARWAL SWEET CORNER 

64.ANAND SUGAR RESTANURANT

65.PANDIT TOUR & TRAVELS

66.AGARWAL STANDARD SWEETS

67.SHRI SHYAM NAMKEEN BHANDAR 

68.SETHI CONFECTIONERY

69.SANIK PAN BHANDAR 

70.SHIV PAN BHANDAR 

71.YADAV PAN BHANDAR 

72.SAWAK PAN BHANDAR 

73.MAYANK GENERAL STORE

74.AGGARWAL GENERAL STORE75.ANAND RAM & SONS

76.AMAN RESTAURANT

77.EKTA GENERAL STORE

78.SWEET HOUSE

79.NANSI GENERAL STORE

80.UNIQUE CONFECTIONERY

81.GHYANSHYAM GENERAL STORE

82.AGGARWAL SWEET STORE83.AAKARSTAN GENERAL STORE

84.TEJPAL GENERAL STORE

85.YASG TELECOM CENTRE

86.KESHAV STATIONERY & GIFTS CENTRE

87.JAIN CONFECTIONERY

88.SUBHASH CONFECTIONERY

89.AKASH GENERAL STORE

90.JAIN STORE

91.DINESH GENERAL STORE

92.AMAN PAN BHANDAR 

93.MAHES DEPARTMENTAL STORE

94.AJAY STORE

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95.VIPIN STORE

96.JAIN GENERAL STORE

97.RAJ CONFECTIONERY

98.DURGA CONFECTIONERY

99.DURGA BAKERY

100. MUKES COLD DRINKS

101. DABUR PAN BHANDAR 

102. JAYBIR GENERAL STORE

103. GOEL GENERAL STORE

104. S.K. STORE

105. GIMMI CONFECTIONERY

106. JANTA EATING HOUSE107. BALAJI GENERAL STORE

108. SINGHAL GENERAL STORE

109. ARORA PROVISION STORE

110. RAJU GENERAL STORE

111. CHOUDHARY TEA STALL

112. GAURAV STORE

113. SHYAM GENERAL STORE

114. TRIPUTI STORE115. CHOUDHARY GENERAL STORE

116. NAGI GENERAL STORE

117. BANSAL GENERAL STORE

118. DAYANAND HOSPITAL

119. MOHIT GENERAL STORE

120. MAHARAH CAFÉ

121. AGGARWAL CONFECTIONERY

122. GOYAL PAN BHANDAR 

123. APKA SWEET BHOJANALYA

124. PAL SWEETS

125. MAHEK RESTAURANT

126. JAIN COLD DRINK 

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127. RATAN COLD DRINK 

128. R.K. GEN. STORE

129. BANSAK BROTHER’S

130. CHAUHAN BROTHER’S

131. CHOUDHARY GENERAL STORE

132. MANOJ KIRANA STORE

133. OM MISHTHAN BHANDAR 

134. GAYATRI BAKERY & CONFECTIONERY

135. SHIV GENERAL STORE

136. BANSAL SWEETS

137. MAYUR FAST FOOD

138. OMJI RESTAURANT139. YADAV PAN CORNER 

140. JAIN NAMKEEN & PANEER 

141. SAURABVH CONFECTIONERY

142. POOJA GENERAL STORE

143. DAYAL PHOTO SHOP

144. SHRI BALAJI RESTAURANT

145. AMIT COLD DRINKL STORE

146. NISHA GENERAL STORE147. SHOBHA BAKERY

148. KUMAR BOOT BAKERY

149. MANISH PAN CORNER 

150. AGGARWAL SWEET CORNER 

151. TATA INDIAN , LOCAL (STD, ISD)

152. MRIGAYANI SWEET CORNER 

153. LAULI JUICE CORNER 

154. S.K. PAN CORNER 

155. RUMANA CONFECTIONERY

156. DEEPAK PAN BHANDAR 

157. JAIN PAN BHANDAR 

158. PAWAN BOODH & COLD DRINK STORE

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159. FAMILY SWEET & RESTAURANT

160. AGGARWAL WEET

161. AROPRA BAKERY

162. SUPER BAKERY

163. SHIVAM STORE

164. SHIVAM BAKERY

165. PREETI BAKERY

166. ARIRAM BAKERY & GENERAL STORE

167. SHYAM KISHAN SWEET

168. BABLOO STORE

169. ARORA GENERAL STORE

170. SANJAY KIRANA STORE171. YOGESH GENERAL STORE

172. SAI GENERAL STORE

173. BADAL PAN BHANDAR 

174. AGGARWAL TRADERS

175. BRIJESHWARI STORE

176. SUKHDEV TEA STALL

177. JAIN SHOP

178. PREM PAN BHANDAR]179. PRAKASH STORE

180. JAISWAL STORES

181. JEEWAN STORES

182. SUPER STORE

183. BALA JI STORE

184. JAI CHAND STORE

185. CHAUHAN GENERAL STORE

186. DINESH GENERAL STORE

187. NARESH BAKERY

188. GARG STORES

189. POJA GENERAL STORE

190. VISHAL GENERAL STORE

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191. A-ONE BAKERY

192. ABID TEA CORNER 

193. CHAURASHIA PAN BANDAR 

194. KISHAN SWEET & RESTAURANT

195. KALU RAM PAN BHANDAR 

196. OM TELECOM CENTRE

197. SHIV SWEET

198. BABLOO PAN BHANDAR 

199. RATEN LAL TEA STALL

200. SWAMI NARYAN TEA STALL

201. LAXMI ENTERPRISES

202. KASHYAP PROVISIONAL STORE203. LAXMAN PAN CORNER 

204. AGGARWAL SWEET CORNER 

205. VIVEK GENERAL STORE

206. VIVEK PROVISIONAL STORE

207. GGAUD GENERAL STORE

208. SINGHAL GENERAL STORE

209. BANSAL GENERAL STORE

210. BRIJASWARI GENERAL STORE211. SHARMA MERCHANT STORE

212. SHRI KRISHAN GENERAL STORE

213. ANKUR GENERAL STORE

214. CHANNI GENERAL STORE

215. SHYAM GENERAL STORE

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SAMPLING PLAN

a. The universe studied is the sum total of the retailersin the shashadra area.

 b. Sampling unit is a single retailers outlet which may be provision store; stationery shop, grocery shop, eating and kisok.

c. Elementary retailers.

d. The geographical limit is the area of Shahadara.

e. Keeping in Mind the number of major market areaof Shahadara the sample size arrived it was ……

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LIMITATIONS

As my area way Shahadara and I had go to Ghaziabad, so I facedvarious problems in performing my project.

1. The company didi not provide any financial support for the

 project.

2. I had lack of deep knowledge about the product of the local

market.3. The time allowed for the project was very short ( 6 weeks). It was

impossible to study deeply in that short period.

4. there was the staying place hearer to local market.

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ANALYSIS

The soft drink market of India are by and large controlled and governed

 by the soft drink giant company, COCA-COLA and PEPSI. Except

these two, there is a very weak and limited participation is felt by the

CADBURY SCHWEEP.

The only presence of the two giant company doesn’t mean absence of 

competition rather a neck to neck competition, a dual of strategy and

counter strategy is all time present to capture a greater market share.

For extracting the total strength, two companies have a wide variety of 

soft drink.

Different flavour and different packs are available from both the

companies. Let us take a glimpse of the different flavour available for  both the company.

Flavour Coca-cola PepsiCola Thums-Up, Coke PepsiClear Lemon Sprite Mountain Dew, 7-UpCloudy Lemon Limca Lemon MirindaOrange Fanta MirindaFruit Juice Maaza Slice

Soda Kinley EveressWater Kinley Aquafina

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By the survey of retailers out lets, we have got the relative demand of 

each different flavour both the companies

Flavour Coca-cola PepsiCola Thums-Up, 35

Coke 25

Pepsi 40

Orange Fanta 60 Mirinda 40Cloucly Lemon Limca 80 Lemon Mirinda 20Clear Lemon Sprite 45 Mountain Dew 35

7’ UP 20

Fruit Juice Maaza 80 Slice 20Soda Kinley 45 Evress 55Water Kinley 40 Aquafina 60

TOTAL 410 290

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DEMAND OF COLA FLAVOUR

For cola flavour coca-cola has two product’s coke and Thums-UP and

Pepsi percentage in shown below.

Flavour Company Product Demand in %

Cola Coca-Cola Thums-UP 35

Coke 25

Pepsi Pepsi 40

It is represented by the following pie chart.

Coke

25%

 Thums-Up

35%

Pepsi

40%

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DEMAND OF ORANGE FLAVOUR 

For orange flavour coca-cola has the product name is Fanta and Pepsi

has the product range is Mirinda.

Flavour Company Product Demand in %

Orange Coca-Cola Fanta 60

Pepsi Mirinda 40

It is represented by the following pie chart.

FANTA

60%

MIRINDA

40%

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DEMAND OF CLOUDY LEMON FLAVOUR 

Coca-cola has the most popular product limca in cloudy lemon flavour 

and Pepsi has Lemon Mirinda.

The relative demand is shown in the following table.

Flavour Company Product Demand in %

Cloudy Lemon Coca-Cola Limca 80

Pepsi Lemon Mirinda 20

It is represented by the following pie chart.

Lemon Mirinda

20%

Limca

80%

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 DEMAND OF CLEAR LEMON FLAVOUR 

IN clear lemon coca cola has sprite, pepsi has two products . products

in this are 7-up and Mountain Dew.

The relative demand is shown in the following table.

Flavour Company Product Demand in %

Clear Lemon Coca-Cola Sprite 45

Pepsi Mountain Dew 35

7’-Up 20

It is represented by the following pie chart.

Mountain Dew

35%

Sprite

45%

7-UP

20%

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DEMAND OF FRUIT JUICE

In fruit juice Coca-Cola product is Maaza and Pepsi product is Slice.

The demand of percentage is shown below :-

The relative demand is shown in the following table.

Flavour Company Product Demand in %

Fruit _Juice Coca-Cola Maaza 80

Pepsi Slice 20

It is represented by the following pie chart.

Slice

20%

Maaza

80%

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DEMAND OF SODA

Coca-Cola has the product Kinley in Soda and Pepsi has Evress. The

demand of % is shown below :-

Flavour Company Product Demand in %

Soda Coca-Cola Kinley 45

Pepsi Evress 55

It is represented by the following pie chart.

Kinkey

45%

Evress

55%

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DEMAND OF WATER 

And the final and lost product from Coca-Cola is water KINLEY and

the PEPSI is Aquafina . the demand of percentage is shown below :-

Flavour Company Product Demand in %

Water Coca-Cola KINLEY 40

Pepsi AQUAFINA 60

It is represented by the following pie chart.

Kinley

40%

Aquafina

60%

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DEMAND

OF

COCA-COLA AND PEPSI

OVER ALL MARKET DEMAND OF COCA-COLA AND PEPSI

Over all demand of Coca-Cola and Pepsi in Shahadra area is 58%

coca-cola and 42% of PEPSI.

Pepsi

42%

Coca-Cola

58%

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DEMAND OF FEMALE CUSTOMER GROUP

The demand of Female customer group is represented by the following

chart:-

Pepsi

30%

Coca-Cola

70%

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DEMAND OF VARIOUS PACKS OF COCA-COLA

PACK DEMAND IN %

200 ML 40%

250/300ML 30%

500 ML 12%

1 Litre 3%

1.5 Litre 5%

2 Litre 10%

200 ML

40%

250/300ML

30%

500 ML

12%

1 Litre

3%

2 Litre

10%1.5 Litre

5%

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DEMAND OF CHIILDREN CUSTOMER 

GROUP

The demand of children customer group is represented by the following Pie

Chart:

Pepsi

30%

Coca-Cola

70%

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FINDINGS

With the predetermined objective for finding the customer demand and

retailers respondent for Coca-Cola product is Shahadara area. A detail

survey of the retailer and proper analysis of the available data has been

done.

Coca-Cola is having a greater customer demand for its product. Bur 

PEPSI is no longer for behind. They are also coming up with their full

strength and has started to capture the market with & customasssers.

The total marked of Shashadra can be grouped in to main areas, Nand

Nagri, Dilshad garden, Bhajanpura, Gokulpuri, Jyoti Nagar, Maan sarovar 

park, , Mojpur, Karaval Nagar, Bhajanpura, Sleempur, Sewa Dham Road.

All there are quite vast and possess a fish customer demand. Numbers of 

outlets there from kirok toretorement. Denbite of bisg demand and loge

number of our lets, company provider only and distributors

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CONCLUSION

From the analysis of the data, it can be concluded that the market

share of Coca-Cola is more than the market share of Pepsi. The

demand of Coca-Cola’s product is more with the comparison of Pepsi

 product.

Supply of various flavours is not adequate. Flavour likes Limca and

Maaza have a high customer demand, but their supply is irregular.

Competitors are taking advantage of this

Replacement procedure of faulty bottles is very low. It promotes

retairs dissatisfaction.

It can be noticed that the company has spent a lot on its advertising

and sales promotion, its sales are better. The only thing that is lacking

to some extent is service. So by enhancing the quality of service and

also by modifying some of the routes of distribution, the company can

gain more turnover from the market what the company just doing is  just concentrating on increasing the sales without bothering the

relationship with the retailers. So, instead of relying on volume of 

sales, the company should try to build a long-lasting relationship with

the retailers.

 

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DATES : 1894-EARLY

1900’S

“ ”

DATES : 1995-1916

The Second type of “Coke” bottle

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DATES : 1894-EARLY

1900’S

“ ”

DIAMOND CAN

Made avai lable in 1955to Mil i tary

DATES: 1915-TODAY

hobbleskirt or contour bottle.

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DOUGLAS N. DAFTChairman of the Board and Chief 

Executive Officer 

The Coca-Cola Company

Douglas N. Daft was elected chairman, Board of Directors, and chief 

executive officer of The Coca-Cola Company on February 17, 2000. Mr.

Daft is the 11th chairman of the Board in the history of the Company.

Mr. Daft, 60, joined the Company in 1969 as planning officer in the Sydney,

Australia office. He held positions of increasing responsibilities throughout

Asia and in 1982 was named vice president of Coca-Cola Far East Ltd.

In December 1988, Mr. Daft was named president of the North Pacific

Division and president of Coca-Cola (Japan) Co., Ltd. He moved to the

Company's Atlanta headquarters

in 1991 to assume the responsibility of president of the Pacific Group and

in 1999 his responsibilities were expanded to include the Company's Africa

Group, and Schweppes Beverage Division, as well as the Middle and Far East

Group.

Mr. Daft was elected president and chief operating officer of TheCoca - Cola Company in December 1999.

He serves on the boards of Sun Trust Banks, the Boys & Girls Clubs

of America, Catalyst, the CERGE-EI Foundation(Center for Economic Research

and Graduate Education - Economics Institute) in the Czech

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Republic, the Lauder Institute for Management and

International Studies at the University of Pennsylvania, the Prince of 

Wales International Business Leaders Forum, the Grocery

Manufacturers of America, the British - American Chamber of 

Commerce, the G100, the Woodruff Arts Center, the Commerce Club,

and the McGraw-Hill Companies. Mr. Daft is a trustee of Emory

University, the American Assembly and the Center for Strategic & 

International Studies. He is also a member of The Trilateral

Commission, The Business Council, and The Business Round table.

Mr. Daft received a bachelor's degree in mathematics from

the University of New England and a post-graduate degree in

administration from the University of New South Wales. He holds

an honorary doctorate in international law from Thunderbird, The

American Graduate School of International Management.

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AROUND THE WORLD

Although Coca-Cola® was first created in the United States, it quickly

became popular wherever it went. Our first international bottling plants opened in1906 in Canada, Cuba and Panama, soon followed by many more. Today, we

produce more than 300 brands in over 200 countries. More than 70 percent of 

our income comes from outside the U.S., but the real reason we are a truly global

company is that our products meet the varied taste preferences of consumers

everywhere

 

OUR PARTNERS

The Coca-Cola Company works with a wide variety of organizations to

support health, fitness and good nutrition. Visit these sites for more information

about positions, programs and activities.

The Coalition for a Healthy and Active America (CHAA) CHAA was

formed in 2003 by concerned organizations and national leaders to educate

parents, children, schools, and communities about the critical roles physical

activity and nutrition education play in reversing the alarming trends of childhoodobesity. As a non-profit national grassroots coalition, CHAA is a vigorous

advocate for developing healthy and active lifestyles for America's youth.

CHAA is committed to working with schools to rededicate time for physical

fitness; giving parents the freedom to help their children make their own

nutritional choices; building school-business model relationships that benefit our 

families by supporting healthy and active lifestyles; and finding solutions to

childhood obesity that are both responsible and realistic

  American Council for Fitness and Nutrition The American Council for 

Fitness and Nutrition (ACFN) is a group of food, beverage and consumer 

products companies, not-for-profit organizations and trade associations working

together to improve the health of all Americans, particularly youth, by

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encouraging a healthy balance between fitness and nutrition. The cornerstone of 

all ACFN initiatives is the idea that lasting solutions to the nation's obesity

problem must be based on sound science and behavioral research. Such policies

are likely to help parents and their children develop eating and exercise habits

that lead to a healthier life.

Grocery Manufacturers of America The Grocery Manufacturers of America

(GMA) represents the food, beverage and consumer products industry on key

issues that affect the ability of brand manufacturers to market their products

profitably and deliver superior value to the consumer.

International Food Information Council (IFIC) Foundation The IFIC

Foundation is a public education foundation disseminating sound, science-

based information on food safety, nutrition and health.

International Life Sciences Institute Founded in 1978, the International Life

Sciences Institute (ILSI) is a nonprofit, worldwide foundation that seeks to

improve the well-being of the general public through the pursuit of balanced

science. Its goal is to further the understanding of scientific issues relating to

nutrition, food safety, toxicology, risk assessment, and the environment by

bringing together scientists from academia, government, and industry.

Kidnetic.com

Kidnetic.com is a fun, interactive Web site that emphasizes healthy living

achieved through a balance of physical activity and responsible eating habits.

The Web site gives young people and their parents the tools and ideas to help

change habits and plant the seeds for healthier families tomorrow. Kidnetic.com

is a program of the International Food Information Council (IFIC) Foundation.

National Association for Sport and Physical Educationsociation for Sport and

Physical Education seeks to enhance knowledge and professional practice in

sport and physical activity through scientific study and dissemination of research-

based and experiential knowledge to members and the public.

National Soft Drink Association The National Soft Drink Association (NSDA) is

the trade association for America's soft drink industry, serving the pub.

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VARIOUS BRANDS OF COCA-COLA COMPANY

AA&W * Ades Alive Almdudler  Ambasa American Andifrut Andina Nectar  Aqua Aquactive Aquana AquariusAqvaris Arwa AybalBBacardi Mixers Barq's Beat BelteBeverly Bibo Bimbo Bimbo BreakBistrone Bjare BlackFire Bom Bit MaesilBonaqua/Qa BPM Bright And Early BurnBuzz

Ccaffeine free Coca-

Cola

caffeine free Coke

light/diet CokeCal King Calypso

Canada Dry * Canning's Cappy CapriceCarvers Chafresco Chaho CharruaCheers Cherry Coke Chinotto Chinotto LightChippewa Chivalry Ciel CitraCoke II Coca-Cola Cocoteen Cresta *Cristal Crush * Crystal Cumberland Gap

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DDannon * Dasani Water Delaware Punch DESCA

diet A&W * diet Almdudler  

Diet Andina

Nectar/Andina

Nectarlt

diet Barq's

diet Canada Dry * diet Charrua diet Cherry CokedietCoke/Coca-

Cola lightDiet Coke/Coca-

Cola light with lemondiet Crush * diet Dr Pepper * diet Fanta

diet Inca Kola diet Kia Ora * diet Krest diet Lift

diet Lilt diet Mello Yellodiet Minute Maid Soft

Drinkdiet Mr Pibb

diet Nestea Cool

diet

Nestea/Nestea

Light

diet Oasis * diet Schweppes *

diet Sprite/Sprite

Lightdiet Squirt * diet Tai diet Vanilla Coke

Disney Hundred

Acre Wood

Disney Extreme

CoolersDorna Dr Pepper *

DrimE

Eight O’clock

Eight O’clock

Fountain

Eight O’clock Litro

Pack Emblem

Eva Evian *

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FFanta Finley Fioravanti Five AliveFontana Fraser & Neave Freezits FrescaFrescolita Freskyta Frestea Frisco

Frugos Fruit Labo Fruit Tree FruitiaFruitopia Fruitopia Tea Fruktime FrutinaFrutonic FunchumGGeorgia Georgia Club Georgia Gold Gini *Gira Gold Spot Grand Blue GrapetteGuarana JesusHH2OK Hanul Yeon Cha Hawai Hi Spot *Hi-C Hit Horizon HuangI

Ice Cold Mix Ice Dew Ice Mountain Inca KolaItu Izvorul AlbJJaz Cola Jet Tonic Jinmeile Jolly JuiceJoy Jurassic Well

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KKapo Axion Kapo Kapo Super Power Kia Ora *Kilimanjaro Kin Kin Light KinleyKMX Kochakaden Koumi Soukai Krest

Kuat Kuat Light KuliL back to topLeafs Lift Lilt LimcaLimonade Linnuse Love BodyM back to topMaaza Mad River Magnolia Magnolia FunchumMagnolia Zip Manzana Mia Marocha Master ChillMaster Pour Mazoe Meijin MelloMello Yello Mer Mezzo MiamiMickey Mouse Migoro-Nomigoro Milo Minaqua

Minute MaidMinute Maid Juice

To Go

Minute Maid Soft

DrinkMireille

Mr PibbNNagomi Nalu Namthip Water NatuaNectarin Nescafe Nestea Nestea Cool

Nestle Nevada New VegitabetaNihon Alps Mori No

MizudayoriNordic Mist Northern Neck NustaOOasis * Odwalla OK Old Colony *

PPaani Parle Pepe Rico PilskalnaPlanet Java Play Pocket Dr Poiana Negri

Poms PonkanaPonkana Litro

PackPop

Portello POWERade POWERade Light Private LabelPulp PumpQQoo QuatroRRamblin' Root

Beer  Real Gold Red Flash Red LionRefresh Tea Rimzim Rio Ripe N ReadyRisco Riwa Roses * Royal TruSSamantha Samurai Santiba SantolinSarsi Saryusaisai Schweppes * Seagrams *Seasons Seiryusabo Seltz Sensation

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Sensun Senzao Shock SimbaSimply Apple Simply Orange Slap SmartSokenbicha Solo * Sonfil Soonsoo

Sparkle SparlettaSparletta Iron

BrewSplash

Sport * Sports Plus Sprite Spur *Squirt * Stoney Ginger Beer Sun Valley SunfillSunkist * Supa Superkools SurgeTTab Tab Clear Tab X-Tra Tahitian Treat *Tai Tasters Choice Tavern Tea World CollectionThums Up Tian Yu Di Tiky * TopToppur Tropical Tuborg TurkuazTutti *UUrge

VVanilla Coke Vegitabeta VICA VitaVital Vital O VitingoWWannabe Water Salad Wink * Winnie the Pooh

 YYangguang Youki YumiZZip* In Select Markets

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PRODUCTS AND PACKAGING MYTHS & RUMORSINGREDIENTS MYTHS & RUMORSAll our soft drinks are wholesome beverages manufactured in compliance with the

U.S. Federal Food Laws, the laws of all U.S. states, and the laws of nearly 200

countries throughout the world where our product share marketed.

Unfortunately, the incredible power of the Internet is sometimes used to spread

false information about the ingredients in our products. There are several baseless

rumors circulating on the Internet claiming that ingredients in our products can

cause health problems. We've gathered some of those rumors here so that you can

easily get the facts about these false claims.

Here are some rumors you may have seen or heard

• The acidity of cola drinks is strong enough to dissolve teeth and bones .

• Phosphoric acid in Coca-Cola leads to osteoporosis.

• Aspartame, a sweetener in low calorie beverages, causes headaches, brain

tumors and other diseases.

• Caffeine in soft drinks is addictive.

• Saccharin causes cancer .

• Sugar in soft drinks makes people hyperactive.

• Caramel coloring produces genetic effects and causes cancer .

• The polyethylene glycol in soft drinks is also used as anti-freeze in

automobiles and as an oil solvent.

• Some products of The Coca-Cola Company contain alcohol .

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 YOUR HEALTH AND OUR BEVERAGES

There is growing confusion about what constitutes a healthy diet. With so much

conflicting information available about health and nutrition, it can be very difficult

to determine what is accurate and what is not.The truth is that soft drinks and other beverages have a place in a healthy

lifestyle. A healthy diet incorporates the basic principles of variety, balance and

moderation without sacrificing enjoyment.

• HEALTH AND OUR BEVERAGES -- THE FACTS

Facts on Diabetes and Soft Drinks

• Soft drinks do not contribute to diabetes.

• Children who are obese have a greater risk of type 2 diabetes but this

is not related to the sugar content in soda

Facts on Aspartame and Soft Drinks

Key Fact

• Aspartame is a safe low-calorie sweetener, approved by more than 90

nations and scores of health organizations, that has never been linked toany health risks.

Facts on Healthy Bones and Soft Drinks

Key Fact

• The caffeine and phosphoric acid in soft drinks does not affect bone

health.

Facts on Hyperactivity and Soft Drinks

Key Fact

• The sugar in soft drinks does not cause children to be hyperactive.

Facts on Milk Consumption and Soft Drinks

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Key Fact

• The consumption of soft drinks has not affected calcium consumption.

Facts on Sedentary Lifestyle and Obesity

Key Facts

• Rising obesity rates are due in large part to sedentary lifestyles and lack of 

physical activity.

• Soft drinks can be part of an active lifestyle

Facts on Sugar and Soft Drinks

Key Facts

• Sugar consumption has not been shown to cause obesity.

• There are no nutritional differences between sugars and the body uses

them all the same way.

• The amount of sugar and calories in soft drinks is about the same as

many fruit juices

Facts on Caffeine and Soft Drinks

Key Facts

• Soft drinks containing caffeine are not addictive.

• Caffeine has no negative impact on hydration or bone health.

• There is no connection between cardiovascular disease and caffeine

HISTORY OF BOTTLING

Coca-Cola® originated as a soda fountain beverage in 1886 selling for five

cents a glass. Early growth was Impressive, but it was only when a strong

bottling system developed that Coca-Cola became the world-famous brand it

is today.

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1894 … A modest start for a bold idea In a candy store in Vicksburg,

Mississippi, brisk sales of the new fountain beverage called Coca-Cola

impressed the store's owner, Joseph A. Biedenharn. He began bottling

Coca-Cola to sell, using a common glass bottle called a Hutchinson.

Biedenharn sent a case to Asa Griggs Candler, who owned the Company.

Candler thanked him but took no action. One of his nephews already had

urged that Coca-Cola be bottled, but Candler focused on fountain sales

1899 … The first bottling agreement

Two young attorneys from Chattanooga, Tennessee believed they could build a

business around bottling Coca-Cola. In a meeting with Candler, Benjamin F.

Thomas and Joseph B. Whitehead obtained exclusive rights to bottle Coca-Cola

across most of the United States -- for the sum of one dollar. A third Chattanooga

lawyer, John T. Lupton, soon joined their venture.

1900-1909 … Rapid growth

The three pioneer bottlers divided the country into territories and sold bottling

rights to local entrepreneurs. Their efforts were boosted by major progress in

bottling technology, which improved efficiency and product quality. By 1909,

nearly 400 Coca-Cola bottling plants were operating, most of them family-owned

businesses. Some were open only during hot-weather months when demand

was high

1916 … Birth of the Contour Bottle

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Bottlers worried that Coca-Cola's straight-sided bottle was easily confused withimitators. A group representing the Company and bottlers asked glass

manufacturers to offer ideas for a distinctive bottle. A design from the Root Glass

Company of Terre Haute, Indiana won enthusiastic approval. The Contour Bottle

became one of the few packages ever granted trademark status by the U.S.

Patent Office. Today, it's one of the most recognized icons in the world - even in

the dark!

1920s … Bottling overtakes fountain sales

As the 1920s dawned, more than 1,000 Coca-Cola bottlers were operating in the

U.S. Their ideas and zeal fueled steady growth. Six-bottle cartons were a huge

hit starting in 1923. A few years later, open-top metal coolers became the

forerunners of automated vending machines. By the end of the 1920s, bottle

sales of Coca-Cola exceeded fountain sales

1920s and '30s … International expansion

Led by Robert W. Woodruff, chief executive officer and chairman of the Board,

the Company began a major push to establish bottling operations outside the

U.S. Plants were opened in France, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Belgium,

Italy and South Africa. By the time World War II began, Coca-Cola was being

bottled in 44 countries

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1940s … Post-war growth

 

During the war, 64 bottling plants were set up around the world to supply the

troops. This followed an urgent request for bottling equipment and materials from

General Eisenhower's base in North Africa. Many of these war-time plants were

later converted to civilian use, permanently enlarging the bottling system and

accelerating the growth of the Company's worldwide business.

1950s … Packaging innovations

For the first time, consumers had choices of Coca-Cola package size and type-

the traditional 6.5 ounce Contour Bottle, or larger servings including 10-, 12- and

26-ounce versions. Cans were also introduced, becoming generally available in

1960.

1960s … New brands introduced

Sprite®, Fanta®, Fresca® and TAB® joined brand Coca-Cola in the 1960s. Mr.

Pibb® and Mello Yello® were added in the 1970s. The 1980s brought diet

Coke® and Cherry Coke®, followed by PowerAde® and Fruitopia® in the 1990s.

Today scores of other brands are offered to meet consumer preferences in local

markets around the world

1970s and '80s … Consolidation to serve customers

As technology led to a global economy, retail customers of 

The Coca-Cola Company merged and evolved into

international mega-chains. Such customers required a new

approach. In response, many small and medium-size bottlers consolidated to

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better serve giant international customers. The Company encouraged and

invested in a number of bottler consolidations to assure that its largest bottling

partners would have capacity to lead the system in working with global retailers

1990s … New and growing markets

Political and economic changes opened vast markets that were closed or 

underdeveloped for decades. After the fall of the Berlin Wall, the Company

invested heavily to build plants in Eastern Europe. As the century closed, more

than $1.5 billion was committed to new bottling facilities in Africa.

21st Century … Think local, act local

The Coca-Cola bottling system grew up with roots deeply planted in local

communities. This heritage serves the Company well today as consumers seek

brands that honor local identity and the distinctiveness of local markets. As was

true a century ago, strong locally based relationships between Coca-Cola

bottlers, customers and communities are the foundation on which the entire

business grows

BOTTLING TODAY

Think local, act localFrom the world's largest cities to its most remote villages, our bottling system

is made up of locally rooted enterprises committed to quality. The Coca-Cola

Company bottling partners are always local businesses, exerting a strong

influence on economic development and actively participating in community

life through local events and philanthropic activities.

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Bottlers and Customers

 

Bottlers are a critical local link. They sell our brands to businesses and

institutions, retail chains, supermarkets, restaurants, small neighborhood grocers,

sports and entertainment venues, schools and colleges, among others. These

customers, in turn, are where you go when you want a Coke® or one of our other 

brands.

For each of our customers, providing the right mix of Company products and

packages at the right price is the foundation of mutual success. Local consumer 

tastes determine the brands and package types a particular customer wants us

to supply. Bottlers in many countries offer tours of their facilities to schoolchildren

and adult groups. Contact the local bottler in your region for more information on

tours and other activities that our bottlers sponsor.

A Revolution in Plastics Recycling

If you ask Peter Anderson, project director of the Plastic Redesign Project (PRP),

The Coca-Cola Company has spurred a revolution in the economics of plastics

recycling, with its decision three years ago to establish a public goal for using

recycled content in PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) bottles.

The company made the ground-breaking commitment in 2000 to use 10%recycled content in its plastic bottles by 2005, culminating its years-long work to

help commercialize recycling PET bottles from curbside programs into new

bottles.

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In February 2003, The Coca-Cola Company received an award from the PRP, as

it reached a milestone in that commitment, with 10% recycled content in 80% of 

its bottles. During the ceremony, Anderson expressed the industry's gratitude to

the company's commitment, "We cannot begin to tell you how much we

appreciate your bold decision to step up to the plate, following on your decade-

long dedication to technology development with a public commitment."

The PRP is a coalition of local and state recycling officials. It works constructively

with packagers to improve the economics of plastics recycling by designing

plastic bottles for recyclability and by increasing the use of recycled content in

plastic bottles.

According to Anderson, the PET recycling system had struggled financially for 

years. Because of the size and influence of The Coca-Cola Company, their 2000

commitment jolted the market and initiated an overall improvement to the

industry. He revealed that the company can claim responsibility for increasing the

demand for recycled PET, expanding the size of the RPET (recycled PET) bottle

market, creating a standard for other beverage companies to follow that should

eventually double the impact, and helping to develop technological innovation

that is anticipated to bring down the cost of upgrading technologies, making it

less expensive to use recycled PET.

The PRP and The Coca-Cola Company also plan to work together to encourage

bottle designs that consider their impacts on recycling, in an effort to protect the

valuable new end markets for recycled PET that the company's commitment has

created.

Receiving the award for outstanding corporate responsibility on behalf of The

Coca-Cola Company were Scott Vitter’s, Environmental Manager, and Jeffrey

Hansen, Packaging Recycling System Manager.

Vitter’s explained that the Coca-Cola system has worked diligently over the past

decade to develop sustainable recycling technologies. "We appreciate the

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recognition for these efforts and look forward to continuing to drive new

innovation. The company continues ahead of schedule to meeting its 2005 goal

WORKPLACE CULTURE

 

With the same spirited investment as the world's premier marketer and beverageindustry leader for more than 116 years, we are focused on strategic workplace

programs that help assure the success of our commitment to embracing the

similarities and differences of people, cultures and ideas.

Cultural Sensations - This employee awareness program takes diversity

beyond representation and provides employees an opportunity to learn about

different cultures and regions of the world in which we do business. Our Cultural

Sensations program is designed to foster dialogue about the similarities and

differences of people, cultures and ideas through the use of art, music, dance,

food and special events.

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Diversity Advisory Council - The company's corporate Diversity Advisory

Council consists of a representative group of employees from all levels, functions

and business units of the organization. The Council develops recommendations

for senior management on advancing the company's efforts towards achieving

our diversity objectives.

Employee Forums - We believe that a sense of community enhances our ability

to attract, retain, and develop diverse talent and ideas as a source of competitive

business advantage. In the United States, through employee forums, employees

can connect with colleagues who share similar interests and backgrounds. In

those forums and elsewhere, employees support each other's personal and

professional growth and enhance their individual and collective ability to

contribute to the company. Forums that are currently active include:

WORKPLACE POLICIES

Within every large organization, there are always governing rules, and our 

company is no exception. The Coca-Cola Company and its subsidiaries maintain

a long-standing commitment to equal opportunity, affirmative action and valuing

the diversity of our employees. In order to foster an environment that is

productive, healthy, safe, and successful for all of our employees, our company

has policies to help guide the behaviour that shape our work environment.

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Code of Business Conduct 

Our Code of Business Conduct (English Translation) serves to guide the actions

of our employees, officers and directors in ways that are consistent with our core

values: honesty; integrity; diversity; quality; respect; responsibility; and,

accountability. The Code helps our people play by the rules wherever we operate

around the world. And, we have well-defined procedures for times when

concerns arise, in The Code of Business Conduct Procedural Guidelines (English

Translation).

Equal Opportunity

The Coca-Cola Company values all employees and the contributions they make.

Consistent with this value, the company reaffirms its long-standing commitment

to equal opportunity and affirmative action in employment, which are integral

parts of our corporate environment. The company strives to create a work

environment free of discrimination and physical or verbal harassment with

respect to race, gender, colour, national origin, religion, age, disability, sexual

orientation, or veteran status. We will make reasonable accommodations in the

employment of qualified individuals with disabilities, for religious beliefs, and

whenever else appropriate

The company maintains equal employment opportunity functions to ensure

adherence to all laws and regulations, and to company policy in the areas of 

equal employment opportunity and affirmative action. All managers are expected

to implement and enforce the company policy of non-discrimination, equal

employment opportunity, and affirmative action, as well as to prevent acts of 

harassment within their assigned area of responsibility. Further, it is a part of 

every individual's responsibility to maintain a work environment that reflects the

spirit of equal opportunity and prohibits harassment.

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Individuals with Disabilities, Disabled Veterans and Veterans of the

Vietnam Era

The Coca-Cola Company has a long-standing commitment to take affirmative

action to employ and advance the employment of qualified individuals with

disabilities, disabled veterans, and veterans of the Vietnam Era. As part of these

efforts, we periodically invite disabled individuals, disabled veterans, veterans of 

the Vietnam Era, and other covered veterans to identify themselves as such, if 

they have not already done so, by advising their Human Resources

representatives.

The information provided by an employee is voluntary, and will be handled

confidentially. However, if it's necessary to assist an employee in performing job

responsibilities, appropriate managers may be informed regarding any

restrictions on work, necessary accommodations, or conditions that might require

emergency treatment

THE COCA-COLA PROMISE

The Coca-Cola Company exists to benefit and refresh every one it touches.

The basic proposition of our business is simple, solid and timeless. When we

bring refreshment, value, joy and fun to our stakeholders, then we successfully

nurture and protect our brands, particularly Coca-Cola. That is the key to fulfilling

our ultimate obligation to provide consistently attractive returns to the owner so

four business.

MARKETPLACE

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More than a billion times every day, thirsty people around the world reach for 

Coca-Cola products for refreshment. They deserve the highest quality—every

time. Our promise to deliver that quality is the most important promise we make.

And it involves a worldwide, yet distinctively local, network of bottling partners,

suppliers, distributors and retailers whose success is paramount to our own. Our 

investment in local communities in over 200 countries totals billions of dollars in

  jobs, facilities, marketing, the purchase of local goods and services, and local

business partnerships. Always and everywhere, we pursue continuous innovation

in the products we offer, the processes we use to make them, the packages we

develop and the ways we bring them to market.

WORKPLACE

The Coca-Cola system is one of the most diverse organizations on earth, with a

rich mosaic of talented colleagues who bring a variety of intellectual,

professional, ethnic and cultural perspectives to our enterprise. They reflect the

nations, cultures and languages of the world.

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Our policy is to foster an inclusive environment that encourages all

employees to develop and perform to their fullest potential.

Our workplace must be a place where everyone's ideas and contributions are

valued. Our employees deserve equal treatment under our policies governing

compensation, advancement, health, safety and other aspects of workplace life.

We understand that fairness in the workplace, coupled with the opportunity to

develop individual capabilities, fosters our collective success.

ENVIRONMENT

Responsible stewardship of the environment is a top priority for The Coca-Cola

Company. By preserving and enhancing our natural world, we brighten the future

for our planet and for each other. We put this principle into practice through The

Coca-Cola Environmental Management System, known as ecosystem. We

operate our business as stewards of the environment, with a commitment to

continually move our business toward sustainability: striving to consume fewer 

natural resources, and to recover and reuse resources more extensively. Our 

commitment to protect the environment extends throughout our organization,

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involving officers, managers and employees at all levels. We are accountable for 

our actions, conducting assessments of our environmental performance and

taking action toward continuous improvement in all that we do.

COMMUNITY

Society advances on the strength of community: people sharing their ideas and

resources to reach common goals. We seek to strengthen local communities

worldwide through our support for education, through partnerships with other 

organizations and through acts of citizenship by the people of Coca-Cola.

We support education because of its power to expand opportunities for 

individuals and increase understanding between cultures. We partner with

national and international organizations to alleviate economic disadvantage and

help improve the quality of life in local communities. Together with our local

bottling partners, we strengthen communities by giving with our hands and our 

hearts, as partners in the promise of a better life.

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DIVERSITY AT WORK

Our people to develop to their fullest potential.

The heart and soul of our enterprise have always been our people. Over the past

century, Coca-Cola people have led our successes by living and working with a

consistent set of values. While the world and our business will continue to

change rapidly, respecting these values will continue to be essential to our long-

term success.

As we have expanded over the decades, our company has benefited from the

various cultural insights and perspectives of the societies in which we do

business. Much of our future success will depend on our ability to develop a

worldwide team that is rich in its diversity of people, cultures and ideas.

We are determined to have a diverse culture, from top to bottom, that benefits

from the perspectives of each individual.

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COMMUNITY SUPPORT

“Success alone isn't what makes us a trusted neighbor and a welcomed friend in

communities where we sell our products. We earn that place only by being involved, concerned and committed citizens." 

Douglas N. Daft, Chairman, Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer 

At The Coca-Cola Company, we constantly strive to be the best  neighbor 

possible by strengthening our communities…those places our employees,

customers and consumers call home.

In the nearly 200 countries where we do business, The Coca-Cola system

celebrates a tradition of giving back to the community. And we do it in many

different ways. Whether providing financial contributions, awarding scholarships

or supporting our employee volunteer efforts, we are able to reach out to a

diverse range of families and communities across the globe.

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SUPPLIER DIVERSITY

Our approach to Supplier Diversity is simple ... it's inclusive! Minorities are

the fastest-growing segment of the U.S. population, and women make most

purchasing decisions involving consumer goods, including our products.

Including minorities and women as our partners is a business imperative at TheCoca-Cola Company

Our supplier diversity mission is to provide equal access to procurement

opportunities for minority- and women-owned enterprises (MWBEs). We have

made a commitment to proactively building relationships with and purchasing

goods and services from MWBEs to the maximum extent possible. This mission

underscores our long-standing commitment to being a leader in supplier diversity

and a model corporate citizen in the communities we serve. In addition, it is in

keeping with the Coca-Cola Promise "...to benefit and refresh everyone who is

touched by our business."

As a part of our commitment to supplier diversity and in collaboration with

Clark Atlanta University, we have established a MWBE Supplier Mentoring

program to assist minority- and women-owned firms to enhance their capability

and capacity.

We believe second-tier engagement with minority- and women-owned

firms is a critical component to the success of supplier diversity. It helps us to

reach and include more MWBE suppliers in our procurement process. We also

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require our primary suppliers to proactively engage minority and women firms on

all company projects and contracts. In fact, our major suppliers have embraced

this second-tier program and have become our partners in supplier diversity.

WASTE MANAGEMENT

Every year, the world produces billions of tons of waste. Recycling and

reusing waste materials is absolutely crucial if we are to maintain the health and

beauty of the earth. The Coca-Cola® Company’s working constantly toward

coming up with smart, creative ways to reuse waste. Here's a glance at what

we're doing.

To introduce innovative and environmentally friendly packaging, we

opened a breakthrough facility in Sydney, Australia for the world's first PET

bottles to be produced from recycled PET bottles. Today, one in four PET

containers sold by our company in North America contain recycled content.

At Peru's famous Machu Picchu archaeological site, we organized an

aggressive clean-up campaign, Campaña de Limpieza de Machu-Picchu, with

the Machu Picchu Sanctuary Authority. The program systematically removes

trash that constantly threatens the site - including PET bottles discarded by

tourists, which are then recycled. The effort has collected more than 20 tons of 

garbage and has been highly praised by local authorities. More than 120

students have taken part.

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COCA COLA IN ASIA

 

MARY E. MINNICK Executive Vice President, President and Chief Operating

Officer Coca-Cola Asia

  A

20 year veteran of the Company, Coca-Cola Asia president and chief operating

officer Mary Minnick oversees operations in 38 countries throughout Asia, from

the critically important Japan market, and developing giants India and China, to

tiny Pacific nations in a Group that accounts for 33 percent of The Coca-Cola

Company's operating income, refreshes over half the world's population and

provides total system employment to over 100,000 people. For the second year,

Fortune magazine voted Mary the twelfth most powerful woman in the business

world. From a career that started in sales with Coca-Cola USA, Mary gained

experience in sales, marketing and new products and rose rapidly through

management ranks. She spent eight years outside the US, the past seven living

and working in Asia, including assignments as president of Coca-Cola Japan and

before that president of the South Pacific division, based in Australia. Mary was

appointed to her current role in 2001 and, while based in Atlanta, spends themajority of her time in Asia. As an executive vice president, Mary is also a key

player in developing strategy for The Company. Mary holds a Masters in

Business Administration from Duke University. She is also a member of the

Dean's Council of the John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard

University, and the Board of Visitors of the Fuqua School of Business.

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The serving tray the art work of popular

magazine illustrator Hamilton king in

1913.

The famous “Sprite Boy” was

created by noted artist Haddon

Sundblom and was used for the

first time in 1942 advertising to

introduce the name “ Coke”.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Internet site• www.cocacola.com• www.pepsico.com 

Record of N.M. Softdrinks, Sat Nirnkari Colony, Delhi News items of English dailies, published from New Delhi.

• The Times of India• The Telegraph•

The Economic Times Advertisement on coke products. Advertisement on Pepsi product. Consulted Libraries

• American Library• British Library

Consulted Books•

Research for marketing Decision by P. Green, D.S.Tull, G. Albaum

• Marketing Management - Phillip Kotler.