Comparative analysis of factors affecting the management playing

field forinternational lake basins in the Horn of

Africa

Dr. Thomas J. BallatoreLake Basin Action Network (LBAN), Shiga, Japan

Prof. Eric O. OdadaUniversity of Nairobi, Nairobi,

Kenya

The IGAD Region

Boundaries from GADM; background from Natural

Earth

The IGAD RegionEight Countries

Boundaries from GADM

The IGAD Region2,073 Lakes and

Reservoirs

Waterbodies from SWBD (NASA) and GLWD

The IGAD RegionHow many of these lakes

are international?

Step 1. Find the lakes that are intersected by

shared IGAD borders

Boundaries from GADM, GMI, World Bank

The IGAD RegionFour International Lakes

Victoria

Turkana

Al Abyad

Abhe

The IGAD RegionHow many of the lakes

are international?

Step 2. Find the lakes whose drainage basins

are intersected by shared IGAD borders

The IGAD RegionInternational River Basins

Basins from Hydrosheds (WWF)

The IGAD RegionEleven (11) International

drainage basins containing lakes

Basins delineated from SRTM3 (NASA)

The IGAD RegionThe eleven (11)

international drainage basins containing lakes

Total Area = 1.1x106 km2

(21.5% of total IGAD area)

Factors affecting the Lake Basin Management

“Playing Field”

• Lake Area

• Drainage Basin

Area

• Drainage Type

Physical• Population Density

• Spatial Distribution of

Population

• Number of Countries

• Number of Linguistic Groups

Human

• Spatial Distribution of Temp. and Precip.

• Projected Climate Changes in Temp. and

Precip.

Climate

Use of Geospatial Data to estimate these factors

for the 11 international IGAD lake basins

Khashm al Qirbah

KarumAl Abyad

AssalAbheTurkanaRoseires

Victoria Kyoga Chew Bahir Fanwaamo

LakeArea

7 km2 72 km2 100 km2

224 km2 7,441 km2 311 km2 64 km2

0~86 km20~341 km22,776 km266,866 km2

Khashm al Qirbah

KarumAl Abyad

AssalAbheTurkanaRoseires

Victoria Kyoga Chew Bahir Fanwaamo

LakeArea

7 km2 72 km2 100 km2

224 km2 7,441 km2 311 km2 64 km2

0~86 km20~341 km22,776 km266,866 km2

Khashm al Qirbah

KarumAl Abyad

AssalAbheTurkanaRoseires

Victoria Kyoga Chew Bahir Fanwaamo

BasinArea

438 km2 100,351 km2 18,863 km2

188,472 km2 148,449 km2 94,030 km2 2,861 km2

229,558 km218,556 km2321,533 km2263,568 km2

Khashm al Qirbah

KarumAl Abyad

AssalAbheTurkanaRoseires

Victoria Kyoga Chew Bahir Fanwaamo

BasinArea

438 km2 100,351 km2 18,863 km2

188,472 km2 148,449 km2 94,030 km2 2,861 km2

229,558 km218,556 km2321,533 km2263,568 km2

Khashm al Qirbah

KarumAl Abyad

AssalAbheTurkanaRoseires

Victoria Kyoga Chew Bahir Fanwaamo

Drainage Type:Exorheic (Open) orEndorheic (Closed)

exorheic exorheic endorheic

exorheic endorheic endorheic endorheic (ocean input)

exorheicendorheicexorheicexorheic

Khashm al Qirbah

KarumAl Abyad

AssalAbheTurkanaRoseires

Victoria Kyoga Chew Bahir Fanwaamo

Drainage Type:Exorheic (Open) orEndorheic (Closed)

exorheic exorheic endorheic

exorheic endorheic endorheic endorheic (ocean input)

exorheicendorheicexorheicexorheic

A quick look at Climate and Populationin the 11 international IGAD lakes

Lake Karum Basinde Martonne Aridity Index

de Martonne Aridity Index calculated from 30 arc second Annual Average Temperature

and Annual Average Precipitation

from WorldClim.Index = P / (T +10)

Persons/km2

Lake Karum BasinPopulation Density

Population from LandScan 2008 (ORNL)

Khashm al Qirbah Reservoir Basinde Martonne Aridity

Index

Persons/km2

Khashm al Qirbah Reservoir BasinPopulation Density

Lake Al Abyad Basinde Martonne Aridity Index

Persons/km2

Lake Al Abyad BasinPopulation Density

Lake Assal Basinde Martonne Aridity

Index

Persons/km2

Lake Assal BasinPopulation Density

Lake Abhe Basinde Martonne Aridity Index

Persons/km2

Lake Abhe BasinPopulation Density

Lake Turkana Basinde Martonne Aridity Index

Persons/km2

Lake Turkana BasinPopulation Density

Roseires Reservoir Basinde Martonne Aridity Index

Persons/km2

Roseires Reservoir BasinPopulation Density

Lake Fanwaamo Basinde Martonne Aridity Index

Persons/km2

Lake Fanwaamo BasinPopulation Density

Lake Chew Bahir Basinde Martonne Aridity Index

Persons/km2

Lake Chew Bahir BasinPopulation Density

Lake Kyoga Basinde Martonne Aridity Index

Persons/km2

Lake Kyoga BasinPopulation Density

Lake Victoria Basinde Martonne Aridity Index

Persons/km2

Lake Victoria BasinPopulation Density

Summary Tables

Khashm al Qirbah

KarumAl Abyad

AssalAbheTurkanaRoseires

Victoria Kyoga Chew Bahir Fanwaamo

Aridity:Distribution

Ave. Aridity = 20 Ave. Aridity = 24 Ave. Aridity = 11

Ave. Aridity = 45 Ave. Aridity = 28 Ave. Aridity = 20 Ave. Aridity = 4

Ave. Aridity = 12 Ave. Aridity = 21 Ave. Aridity = 39 Ave. Aridity = 39

de Martonne Aridity Index

Khashm al Qirbah

KarumAl Abyad

AssalAbheTurkanaRoseires

Victoria Kyoga Chew Bahir Fanwaamo

Aridity:Distribution

Ave. Aridity = 20 Ave. Aridity = 24 Ave. Aridity = 11

Ave. Aridity = 45 Ave. Aridity = 28 Ave. Aridity = 20 Ave. Aridity = 4

Ave. Aridity = 12 Ave. Aridity = 21 Ave. Aridity = 39 Ave. Aridity = 39

de Martonne Aridity Index

Khashm al Qirbah

KarumAl Abyad

AssalAbheTurkanaRoseires

Victoria Kyoga Chew Bahir Fanwaamo

Projected Change in Aridity(2000-2050)(HadGEM2-ES for RCP45 from CMIP5)

-2% -3% -6%

-6% -9% -7% +6%

-16%-11%-10%-9%

Khashm al Qirbah

KarumAl Abyad

AssalAbheTurkanaRoseires

Victoria Kyoga Chew Bahir Fanwaamo

Projected Change in Aridity(2000-2050)(HadGEM2-ES for RCP45 from CMIP5)

-2% -3% -6%

-6% -9% -7% +6%

-16%-11%-10%-9%

Khashm al Qirbah

KarumAl Abyad

AssalAbheTurkanaRoseires

Victoria Kyoga Chew Bahir Fanwaamo

Population:Density

11 persons/km2 77 persons/km2 31 persons/km2

115 persons/km2 75 persons/km2 126 persons/km2 3 persons/km2

13 persons/km251 persons/km2169 persons/km2167 persons/km2

Persons/km2

Khashm al Qirbah

KarumAl Abyad

AssalAbheTurkanaRoseires

Victoria Kyoga Chew Bahir Fanwaamo

Population:Density

11 persons/km2 77 persons/km2 31 persons/km2

115 persons/km2 75 persons/km2 126 persons/km2 3 persons/km2

13 persons/km251 persons/km2169 persons/km2167 persons/km2

Persons/km2

Khashm al Qirbah

KarumAl Abyad

AssalAbheTurkanaRoseires

Victoria Kyoga Chew Bahir Fanwaamo

Population:Distribution

11 persons/km2 77 persons/km2 31 persons/km2

115 persons/km2 75 persons/km2 126 persons/km2 3 persons/km2

13 persons/km251 persons/km2169 persons/km2167 persons/km2

Persons/km2

Khashm al Qirbah

KarumAl Abyad

AssalAbheTurkanaRoseires

Victoria Kyoga Chew Bahir Fanwaamo

Countries:Number and Distribution

2countries 3 countries 2 countries

2 countries 4 countries 3 countries 2 countries

3 countries2 countries5 countries5 countries

Khashm al Qirbah

KarumAl Abyad

AssalAbheTurkanaRoseires

Victoria Kyoga Chew Bahir Fanwaamo

Countries:Number and Distribution

2countries 3 countries 2 countries

2 countries 4 countries 3 countries 2 countries

3 countries2 countries5 countries5 countries

Khashm al Qirbah

KarumAl Abyad

AssalAbheTurkanaRoseires

Victoria Kyoga Chew Bahir Fanwaamo

Languages:Number and Distribution(from Ethnologue (GMI))

2 languages 8 languages 3 languages

15 languages 51 languages 8 languages 2 languages

16 languages17 languages62 languages49 languages

Khashm al Qirbah

KarumAl Abyad

AssalAbheTurkanaRoseires

Victoria Kyoga Chew Bahir Fanwaamo

Languages:Number and Distribution(from Ethnologue (GMI))

2 languages 8 languages 3 languages

15 languages 51 languages 8 languages 2 languages

16 languages17 languages62 languages49 languages

Summary Table

Thank you for your kind attention!

Please send questions and/or comments to:

Dr. Ballatore at ballatore@lakebasin.orgor

Prof. Odada at eodada@uonbi.ac.ke