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For more information about The ADVENT Corporation’s services,please call us at:

Nashville, TN (615) 377-4775Washington, D.C. (703) 522-9662

Boston, MA (508) 760-5988Denver, CO (303) 989-3327Atlanta, GA (770) 552-1783

Innovative solutions to environmental challenges

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�� Dr. Carl E. Adams, Jr., P.E. / Mr. Sam E. Shelby, Jr., P.E.201 Summit View Drive, Suite 300Brentwood, TN 37027(615) 377-4775 ph / (615) 377-4976 [email protected]/[email protected]

��Ms. Robin L. Garibay, REM13873 Park Center Road, Suite 375Herndon, VA 20171(703) 522-9662 ph / (703) 522-2416 [email protected]

��Dr. Meint Olthof, P.E.435 Herringbrook RoadEastham, MA 02642(508) 240-2900/ (508) [email protected]

��Mr. Dave Beeson2801 Youngfield Street, Suite 310Golden, CO 80401(303) 989-3327 ph / (303) 989-3512 [email protected]

��Dr. Eli Miller2079 Kinsmon DriveMarietta, GA 30062(770) 552-1783 ph / (516) 382-6496 [email protected]

��Mr. Soham MehtaADVENT ENVIROCARE Technology PVT Ltd.Labh – 102, Shukan TowersNr. Judges; BungalowsBodakdev, Ahmedabad – 38005479-684-1282 / 6840437 ph79-6840437 fx [email protected]

��Dr. Eli MillerADVENT IsraelP.O.B. 13307Tel Aviv, Israel972-9-955-4046 ph / 972-9-955-3248 [email protected]

��!��Mr. Luis FedeliADVENT Brazil LimitadaAv. Jabaquara, 1802 - 2° andar04046-300 São Paulo – SP Brazil011-55-1333511414 ph / 011-55-1155947591 [email protected]

"��Mr. Laurent JeanneBIOTYS INGENIERIE SA13, Rue Luyot ZI B59113 SECLIN France(33) 3 20 32 91 46 ph / (33) 6 82 82 86 04 mobile(33) 3 20 32 91 43 [email protected]

#��! ��Dr. Martin TrnovskyEdificio San Juan Piso 3 Ofc. 3BAv. San Juan Bosco con 2da. Transversal, AltamiraCaracas, VenezuelaTel.: (58)-212-263-4161, (58)-243-242-2927Email: [email protected] [email protected]

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ADVENT was formed to provide the very best technical consulting and engineering services in the field of IntegratedIndustrial Wastewater Management. We are a highly responsive organization, dedicated to adding value through aproblem-solving approach to the environmental issues and challenges we and our clients face. Specific serviceareas include:

Pro

cess

Eng

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ring • Master Plan Development & Conceptual Engineering

• Source Control Plans & Implementation• Technology Evaluations & Selections

• Wastewater Surveys & Sampling Programs• Process Engineering• Bench & Pilot Scale Treatability Testing• In-house Treatability Laboratory

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s • Preliminary Design• Detailed Design• Cost Estimating• Bidding / Purchasing

• Project Scheduling• Construction Management• Turnkey Construction Services

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• Contract Operations• Long-Term Technical Support• Upset Response• Troubleshooting

• Performance and Cost Savings Audits• Temporary Staffing for Operations• Operator Training• Startup and Commissioning

Reg

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ory

Man

agem

ent • Prepare Comments on National, Regional, and State

Water Quality Regulations• Prepare State and Federal NPDES Permit Applications• Evaluate Permitting Options• Conduct Training Programs for Water Compliance

Managers

• Develop Comprehensive Work Plans to AchieveCompliance with Permit Limits

• Prepare Stormwater Permitting Applications• Conduct of Environmental & Compliance Audits

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• NPDES Aquatic Toxicity Testing (Biomonitoring)• Effluent Toxicity Identification/Reduction Studies• Water Effects Ratio (WER) and Permit Translator Studies• Product Toxicity Testing• Water Quality Assessment Studies• Great Lakes Initiative (GLI) Tier I and II Criteria

Development• Aquatic Resource Alteration Permitting (ARAP)

• Sediment and Terrestrial Toxicity Testing• Biological Surveys and Habitat Assessments• Threatened and Endangered Species Assessments• Risk Assessments• Wetlands Assessments• Erosion Control Plans (e.g., construction site,

stormwater)

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• Mixing Zone Determination Studies for Lake, River, andOcean Outfalls

• Outfall Structure Design• Ecological Risk Assessment Evaluations• Bathymetric Profiling• Fish, Underwater Video, and Riparian Evaluations• Water Quality Assessment Modeling

• Stream Surveys• Water Quality Studies• Wasteload Allocation Studies Leading to WQBELs• In-situ Water Monitoring• Sediment CharacterizationIN

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• Continuing development of the ADVENT Integral System(AIS)

• In-house resources dedicated to improving & enhancingthe performance of demonstrated wastewater treatmenttechnologies

• Technology evaluations, including testing and costanalysis of new and emerging technologies

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• Chemical Engineers • Chemists/Biochemists • Technicians• Civil Engineers • Treatment Plant Operators • Draftspersons• Environmental Engineers • Regulatory Specialists • Computer Programmers• Biologists/Toxicologists • Support Staff

THE ADVENT CORPORATION WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT

The Wastewater Management Department provides highquality conceptual and process engineering, including thefollowing:

- Conceptual design - Process design- Start-up operations support - Operator training- On-site sampling - Desk-top technology evaluations- Bench-scale treatability

testing in laboratory or field- Operations troubleshooting

- Pilot scale treatabilitytesting in laboratory or field

The Wastewater Management Department projects areintegral to the ADVENT’s detailed design, compliance, andecotoxicology work. For example, our treatability testinglaboratory is used to confirm technology selection and thedesign basis, determine achievable performance, anddesign more realistic treatments for toxicity assessments.The combined experience of ADVENT’s Principals, ProjectManagers, and Project Staff in this type of work is over100 years.

The core facility for this group is a 1,600 sq ft treatabilitytesting laboratory, including a 350 sq ft refrigerated samplestorage at ADVENT’s headquarters in Nashville. Ourcurrent workload is typical of our projects:- Four continuous-flow activated sludge bench-

scale units for a pesticide manufacturer.

- On-site pilot testing of sand filtration and granularactivated carbon (GAC) technologies forgroundwater treatment.

- One-stage and two-stage continuous-flownitrification/denitrification bench-scale units for anorganic chemicals plant.

- Batch screening precipitation and adsorption testsfor arsenic removal.

- Continuous-flow nitrification/denitrification bench-scale units for a South American coke plant.

- Startup support for a full-scale GAC systemfor treatment of a process wastewater.

Nitrification/Denitrification Test Unit

Activated Sludge with PAC

Pilot Activated Sludge Systems

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The ADVENT Group, Inc. is known throughout industryfor its expertise in process design. Master planning,source control, technology evaluation, and ADVENT’sinnovative problem solving approach have contributedto our success. In years past, our clients did notalways receive complete benefit because subsequentengineering did not fully implement the intendedsolutions. At our clients’ request, we expanded ourengineering capability to better serve them.

ADVENT expanded the in-house capability to developBasic Engineering Design Packages for proposedprojects. This package typically includes process flowdiagrams, piping and instrumentation diagrams,equipment data sheets, general arrangements, and aprocess and control description. With a well-definedproject, an appropriations grade cost estimate can beprepared. Continuing the design process. ADVENTprepares detail construction drawing.

For the preparation of the construction package,ADVENT forms a team to meet the project objectives.This may include teaming with on-site engineering toutilize their site familiarization and minimizeengineering costs. We utilize a number of CADDsystems for drawing development: AutoCad, AutoPlant,and SolidWorks. Our 3-D modeling provides plantpersonnel with a visual presentation that inspiresgreater interaction.

Many of our designers have plant operation and start-up experience, which give them unique insights intodesigning systems that are operator friendly. Our closerelationship with construction, including partnering and

design-build, assures that each project receives thebenefits of value engineering.

Our detail design projects include a variety ofenvironmental areas, such as primary, secondary andadvanced wastewater treatment; water supplytreatment; groundwater remediation; stormwatercollection; off-gas treatment, and river outfall diffusers.

Through our detail design capability ADVENT providesour clients with the assurance that the process integritywill be maintained to achieve their needs andobjectives.

Biological Treatment Facility (AIS)Formosa Chemical, Taiwan

Iron and Steel Coke Plant,U.S. Steel Corporation, Gary, Indiana

Huntsman Chemical Corp., AISRibécourt, France

For more information, contact Scott Reece at(615) 377-4775 x 140 or [email protected]

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CLIENT /LOCATION

PROJECTDESCRIPTION

MAIN TREATMENTTECHNOLOGY

PROJECTCOST

(Million $)

Camus TechnologiesMuskegon, MI

Upgraded existing treatment plant for pigmentsand chemicals facility with equalization, primaryclarification, new aeration, sludge dewatering andchemical feed systems.

Conventionalactivated sludge

9.5

Central SoyaRemington, IN

Converted existing sequential batch reactor tocontinuous flow activated sludge at a soybeanprocessing facility.

Integratedactivated sludge

0.35

Clearon CorporationSouth Charleston, WV

Designed and installed new multiport outfalldiffuser for treated discharge to the KanawhaRiver.


0.32

Dow-Reichhold LLCKensington, GA

Design and construction for converting existingactivated sludge treatment facility for nitrification-denitrification for a latex wastewater.


0.75

Eastman ChemicalFranklin, VA

Designing and installing a new industrialwastewater treatment plant with a new AISsystem


2

FlexsysNitro, WV

Designed and installed new multiport outfalldiffuser for treated discharge to the KanawhaRiver.

Multi-port Diffuser 0.35

Formosa Chemical &FibreMailiao, Taiwan

Provided construction oversight, conductedseveral site visits to inspect the consturction,provided Operations Manual, and conductedonsite and classroom operator training.

Activated SludgeFiltration & CarbonAdsorption

9

GE PlasticsBeauvais, France

Converted and upgraded treatment facility to anitrification- denitrification activated sludgesystem and added filtration at a ABS plasticsfacility.


1.6

Huntsman ChemicalCompanyRibécourt, France

Installed new wastewater treatment facility.Includes primary treatment, activated sludge, andsludge dewatering for polystyrene wastewater.


2

Solutia, Inc.Decatur, AL

Upgraded and converted a 4 mgd treatmentfacility to a nitrification- denitrification activatedsludge system for acrylic fiber wastewater.


4

Solutia, Inc.Trenton, MI

Installed diffused air aeration system at anorganic chemicals plant.


0.15

U.S. SteelGary, IN

Installed new wastewater treatment facility.Includes primary treatment, activated sludge, andsludge dewatering for coke plant wastewater.


24

Solutia, Inc.Pensacola, FL

Provided 350 gpm filtration system for pond waterremediation project at organic chemicals facility.

Physical/chemical 0.2

3M CorporationDecatur, AL

Installed two, new 1.28 million gallon activatedsludge biological treatment tanks with theADVENT Integral Clarifier System (AIS), whichcan be operated as staged organic ornitrification/denitrification treatment.


9

THE ADVENT CORPORATION CHEMICAL INDUSTRY EXPERIENCE

ADVENT personnel have extensive experience in the designand operation of wastewater treatment facilities for thechemical industry. Some of the main areas of investigationinclude: water quality surveys, treatability studies, design andmodification of wastewater treatment and sludge handlingfacilities, in-plant waste source reduction, and processoptimization. A partial listing of projects is provided in theattached table and project summaries for the most recentprojects are provided below.

Angus Chemical - Sterlington, Louisiana ADVENTpersonnel originally designed this large denitrification, aerobicBOD removal, and nitrification plant in the early 1980's andlater evaluated the plant for upgrade, which would provideconsistent year-round nitrification. Alternate biological systemconfigurations and temperature control methods weredeveloped to achieve this objective.

Borden Chemicals and Plastics - Illiopolis, Illinois Wedeveloped a preliminary engineering design package andprovided detailed design services to add denitrification facilitiesat this activated sludge plant. Denitrification was added toreduce secondary clarifier operating problems, reducechemical additions, and minimize aeration needs. The aerationsystem was also being upgraded to improve transfer capacityand a high-strength ammonia waste was equalized to minimizecyclic loads on the treatment plant. ADVENT assisted in theplant operations and permitting and provided the designengineering services associated with this upgrade.

DuPont Singapore Pte. Ltd, Singapore ADVENT providedsix months of on-site engineering services to commission anew wastewater treatment system for an adipic acid plant. Thetreatment system included anaerobic and anoxic fluidized bedreactors (FBRs), activated sludge, sand filters and granularactivated carbon adsorption columns. The FBRs are thelargest such installation in the world. We provided on-site start-up expertise and operating training for this complex treatmentsystem.

E. I. Du Pont DeNemours & Company - Wilmington,Delaware ADVENT worked with Du Pont personnel to performa corporate-wide biotechnology evaluation at all Du Pontmanufacturing plants in North America employing a biologicaltreatment process. These facilities were compared to state-of-the-art facilities for the organics chemical industry. The reviewincluded paper audits of all 25 plants and intensive site visits at6 locations. The site visits included review of design andoperating data, compliance history, discussions with plantpersonnel on operation and maintenance of these systems,evaluations of possible alternate technologies, anddetermination of methods to improve operations and reducecosts. Based on this work, we concluded that some plantswere designed and operated consistent with state-of-the-artfacilities, but potential improvements could be achieved atseveral facilities. Du Pont is considered implementation of thefindings on a case-by-case basis.

Flexsys America L.P.- Nitro, West Virginia ADVENTconducted a comprehensive in-plant survey of productionmethods and developed recommended source controlprocedures to maximize use of the existing WWTP to meetOCPSF limits. Further refinements in the source controlprogram allowed the raw waste load to be reduced by 30-55percent at source, thus, reducing end-of-pipe costs by

$2,500,000. All OCPSF constituents are handled at thesource. ADVENT assisted in developing the strategy andformat for new OCPSF BAT NPDES permit negotiations withState and EPA regulators. We designed and installed a high-rate multi-port diffuser to disperse the effluent in the KanawhaRiver and negotiated a mixing zone to develop new permitlimits for the discharge. ADVENT is now involved in a plant-wide sewer system/source control upgrade project to installnew above-ground sewers and minimize pollutant discharges.

GE Plastics - Burkville, Alabama ADVENT developed themaster plan design of the treatment plant for this grass-rootsproduction plant. The WWTP was designed to accommodateproduction of 120 MM lbs/yr (Phase 1 Production). The initialmaster plan incorporated the flexibility for conversion to anactivated sludge facility to handle future expansion and to beupgraded/retrofitted for 360 mm lbs/yr and pending BATregulations involving the control of toxic discharges towaterways. ADVENT completed a wastewater treatment plantoperating manual, conducted a training program, and assistedin startup of the plant. Following Phase 1, GE decided toincrease production, thus ADVENT developed the design basisfor the expansion. Again, work involved treatability tests,process design, and design review.

GE Plastics - Cartagena, Spain GE retained ADVENT todevelop the master plan design basis for wastewater treatmentfor this new, grass-roots integrated plastics production complexin Spain. This production facility was planned as the largestplastics plant in the world.

The project involved performing wastewater surveys at similarGE production units in the U.S., projecting design wasteloadsthrough the year 2020, developing the design basis andprocess design and coordination with the contractor on thedetailed design. After completing the process design work, theproject was phased to allow capital expenditures for treatmentbased on production plant growth. We designed the originaltreatment facilities and are now involved in design of a newactivated sludge plant incorporating the ADVENT IntegralClarifier.

GE Plastics - Cobourg, Ontario This project involvedupgrade of the treatment plant to achieve new discharge levels.Work included process definition, aeration system design andinstallation, and operator training and assistance. ADVENTprojected wasteloads and coordinated the installation ofequipment to upgrade the facility.


GE Plastics - Grangemouth, Scotland This project involvedthe design of a new treatment facility at this ABS plant tocomply with new, more stringent discharge criteria. ADVENTdesigned a new and unique modification of the activatedsludge process by incorporating an internal clarifier into theaeration basin at this plant. The clarifier is equipped withsludge recycle controls, polymer feed system, and a chlorinefeed system to control filamentous bulking, if needed.ADVENT provided detailed design services on this project.This facility has operated since 1993 and has become the GEstandard for activated sludge design.

GE Plastics - Mt. Vernon, Indiana A major upgrade of thismajor industrial treatment plant was performed by ADVENT toprovide BAT treatment and to accommodate a majorproduction expansion. The design BOD load was 44,000lbs/day, and the flow rating was also upgraded. Of particularconcern was the design of the biological system to removephenol from influent levels of several hundred mg/L to meetdirect discharge OCPSF limits of less than 29 ug/L. Over a six-month period, ADVENT performed extensive pilot-scaletreatment tests. Test work indicated that a two-stage airactivated sludge system provided superior performance andafforded cost savings as compared to complete-mix activatedsludge or a pure oxygen activated sludge system. This systemwas equivalent to an activated carbon facility. New facilitiesincluded solids contact reactor clarifiers (2 at 125 ft in diameter)for control of heavy metals, equalization tanks (2 at 5 mil galeach) were added to replace a large raw waste surfaceimpoundment, aeration basins with Wyss diffusers (2 basins at1.5 mil gal each), a new final clarifier (125-ft in diameter tomatch the existing 3 units) and a sludge dewatering (two, 2-meter Andritz belt presses) and incineration facility was added.ADVENT coordinated with AWARE Engineering and Fluor-Daniel on this project. Also, ADVENT trained operators,provided startup assistance, and still provides troubleshootingand minor upgrades for the plant.

In another project, ADVENT conducted an O&M cost review ofthe plant and subsequently designed a metering system for anavailable pure oxygen supply to meet aeration demands. Thissystem has a payback of about 1 year and provides significantoperating savings. In 1995, ADVENT began another upgradeprogram to support additional production growth at this site.This included a detailed operator training program and designof new facilities. The new facilities included the addition of afifth secondary clarifier, conversion of three of the existingsecondary clarifiers from hydraulic take-off to Towbro units,increasing the sidewater depth on these three units from 10 to12 feet, a hydraulic upgrade to 10 mgd, addition of powderedactivated carbon storage and feeding facilities to convert to aPACT process, and an effluent disinfection system andchloroform removal upgrade.

Huntsman Chemicals - Various North America LocationsADVENT provided operational troubleshooting at Huntsmanactivated sludge facilities in Georgia, West Virginia, andQuebec, Canada. Work included site visits, specificoperational recommendations, and operator training at onefacility. Physical upgrades were recommended at one facility,including additional equalization, adding additional aerationbasin capacity, and modifying the secondary clarifier.

Huntsman Chemicals - Ribécourt, France ADVENTdesigned a new AIS activated sludge process for this plant in

1995. The design included a 175,000 gal aeration tank and a700 sq ft integral clarifier. A coarse bubble diffused air systemwas provided. ADVENT had all equipment fabricated in theU.S., shipped to the site, and supervised or performed theinstallation.

ICI Americas - Dighton, Massachusetts In 1990-1991,ADVENT conducted an extensive project to develop treatmentrequirements for this dye manufacturing plant. Majoremphases were placed on end-of-pipe treatment upgrades,source control and pretreatment, receiving stream water qualityevaluations, and toxicity reduction measures. The treatmentplant was upgraded, selected wastes were pretreated, theeffluent was routed from a freshwater creek to a nearbybrackish river estuary, and an outfall diffuser was installed. Weconducted on-site waste survey and treatability evaluations,performed TRE/TRI biomonitoring tests, developed the processdesign for the upgrade, and provided heavy assistance inpermit negotiations for the plant. Since the upgrade facilitieswere constructed, the plant performed well and achievedcompliance with all discharge limits, including aquatic toxicity.

Mallinckrodt Chemicals - Raleigh, North Carolina Thisproject involved treatability testing, process design, and start-up of treatment facilities to nitrify and denitrify a pharmaceuticalplant wastewater. Test work indicated a 4-stage activatedsludge system with anoxic-aerobic-aerobic-anoxic zones forcomplete ammonia and the nitrate removal was the most cost-effective. The new treatment system, constructed based onADVENT process design, provides excellent treatment for thishigh strength wastewater (COD of 20,000 mg/L and TKN of1,000 mg/L). Effluent NH3-N levels of less than 2 mg/L andNO3-N levels of less than 25 mg/L are maintained. Deepaeration tanks with subsurface aerators were designed toconserve heat losses and maintain a suitable nitrifier populationin cold winter conditions. The two-stage aerobic treatmentprocess provided stable performance. ADVENT conducted thetreatability and process design work and developed andpresented an operator training course to train new operators,provided startup assistance, and now provides periodictroubleshooting during nitrifier upset conditions.

Mallinckrodt Chemicals - Dublin, Ireland ADVENTperformed treatability tests, developed the process design, anddeveloped the preliminary engineering design package for thisactivated sludge treatment plant. We subsequently developeda comprehensive O&M manual for the new treatment plant andstarted up the facility. A local firm in Ireland developed the


detailed design drawings. ADVENT also assisted in obtainingthe site use permit and wastewater discharge permit.

Monsanto Chemical Company - Alvin, Texas ADVENTperformed extensive treatability investigations for a deep-wellwithdrawal. The project included evaluations of activatedsludge nitrification and denitrification, as well as steam strippingof ammonia, advanced precipitation technologies for removal ofcomplexed heavy metals, and process and cost evaluations ofthe many treatment alternates developed for these complexwastes. Due to high capital costs, this plant was notconstructed. However, in 1991-92 ADVENT developedupgrade requirements for the existing surface water dischargeplant to meet OCPSF discharge limits for TSS. Pilot tests wereconducted, and a tertiary clarifier was added. ADVENTperformed the preliminary engineering design work forsubsequent final design by an on-site engineering firm.

Monsanto Chemicals - Cincinnati, Ohio ADVENTdetermined causative factors for high effluent TSS, maderecommendations for source controls, and developed newWWTP operational strategies to meet OCPSF limits withoutsubstantial capital expenditures at this plastics plant.Comprehensive source control and treatability investigationswere performed on-site. Aerator floc shearing was found to bethe primary causative factor. After rearranging the aeratorconfiguration, reliable compliant performance was achieved.

Olin Chemical Company - Lake Charles, LouisianaADVENT worked as process consultant to develop the designbasis for this new treatment plant. We performed sourcecontrol evaluations and on-site treatability tests, developed theprocess design, and reviewed preliminary design work.ADVENT is now developing the design of biologicaldenitrification facilities to reduce nitrates from a new productionsource.

Olin Chemicals - Maracaibo, Venezuela ADVENTperformed an evaluation of existing treatment facilities at twosister plants in Venezuela and recommended that a combinedtreatment, single facility be created to take advantage ofsynergistic wastewater effects and improve overallperformance. The keystone of the upgraded single facility wasthe conversion of an aerated lagoon to activated sludge, whichwas cost-effectively done by installing an AIS integral clarifierunit. This elliptical 1,000 sq ft unit allows activated sludgetreatment of the 200,000 gpd high-strength flow. The facilitywas installed and started up in late 1995 and has performedvery well.

Rohm & Haas - Deer Park, Texas ADVENT conducted batchtreatability studies to determine the feasibility of anaerobicpretreatment of a new 50 gpm wastestream containing 160,000mg/L COD in the Acrylic Acid plant. The new wastestream wasexpected to contain acetic acid, acrylic acid, formic acid,formaldehyde, and toluene and contribute approximately96,000 lb COD/day to the east wastewater treatment plant(WWTP). Although all of these compounds are degradableby properly acclimated anaerobic sludge, the combination ofthese compounds and the high concentrations expected inthe wastewater were of concern due to potential toxicity toanaerobes. Thus, Rohm and Haas requested ADVENTperform anaerobic screening tests to evaluate the feasibilityof anaerobic treatment on this new wastestream. The resultsof the preliminary investigations indicated that anaerobicpretreatment, designed to achieve 90 percent COD removal,with aerobic polishing would be the most cost-effectivetreatment technology for the new 50 gpm wastestream.

Two types of anaerobic screening tests or assays wereperformed to determine the degree of anaerobic degradabilityand the treatment potential of the new wastestream: 1)Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP); and, 2) AnaerobicToxicity Assay (ATA). A total of 70 assays were conducted:16 BMP; 48 ATA; and, six controls. The following conclusionswere developed from the anaerobic screening tests:

- Greater than 90 percent of the COD in the wastewater canbe anaerobically bioconverted to methane.

- Recycle of the treated effluent to dilute the feed can allowacclimation to 1/40 dilution, provided full-scale effluentquality is comparable to results described herein.

- Anaerobic treatment readily acclimated to the presence ofthe wastewater even with influent concentration of 266 mg/Lformaldehyde and 330 mg/L acrylic acid.

- Anaerobic treatment exceeded a 90 percent efficiency tomethane at a 1/40 dilution.

- Formaldehyde demonstrated 50 percent inhibition of themethane gas production at a concentration of approximately250 mg/L although it can eventually be completely degradedanaerobically.

- Acrylic acid demonstrated 50 percent inhibition of themethane gas production at a concentration of approximately200 mg/L, but it can also be completely degraded inanaerobic treatment.

- Isopropyl acetate showed negligible toxicity atconcentrations up to 5,000 mg/L. At 10,000 mg/L, a lag inmethane gas production was noted for 200 hours followed byan uninhibited methane gas production rate.

- Maleic acid showed no toxicity at concentrations up to10,000 mg/L and furthermore is readily bioconverted tomethane.

- Toluene was not toxic at a concentration of 800 mg/L, norwas it biodegradable in anaerobic treatment.

In summary, the new wastestream was determined to be anexcellent candidate for anaerobic treatment.

Shell Chemical Company - Point Pleasant, West VirginiaADVENT completed the second major upgrade of thetreatment plant at this polyester resin complex. The upgradeaccommodated a production expansion that increased theCOD wasteload to 60,000 lbs/day and involved an assessment

Olin Chemicals -Maracaibo, Venezuela


of anaerobic treatment of selected wastes in conjunction withactivated sludge polishing as compared to straight aerobictreatment. ADVENT upgraded the one-stage activated sludgesystem in 1990 by adding subsurface aerators and recyclingsludge to an equalization basin to create a two-stage system.We completed preliminary engineering design drawings anddocuments and an AFE grade capital cost estimate for aninterim upgrade of the treatment plant to improve performanceand accommodate additional wasteloads. This work consistedof new equalization and activated sludge aeration tankfacilities. On-site pilot tests of the UASB anaerobic treatmentprocess were successfully performed. We also assisted withNPDES permitting work for this facility.

Solutia Inc.- Decatur, AL Currently, ADVENT providesannual technical support for a nitrification/denitrificationwastewater treatment system. These services include dailyoperations data review and direction of operations priorities.In the four years we have provided this service, plantoperations have been more stable.

ADVENT evaluated the impact of suspected compounds thatinhibit nitrification. We conducted treatability studies todetermine the impact of suspected inorganic carbondeficiency on nitrification and demonstrated improvedresilience of microorganisms to low temperature shocks withbicarbonate additions. We were able to improve full-scaleupset response due to high loadings by implementingbicarbonate additions and adding sludge from digester.ADVENT also performed in-depth temperature modeling anddeveloped energy balances to develop cost-effectivealternatives to reduce basin temperatures during summeroperating conditions. We determined treatment plantoperating and performance capacity limits, developed aprogram for responding to system upsets, and developedplans for treatment plant and production operations duringupsets. We have implemented a Wastewater ManagementProgram to provide wastewater load management duringWWTP upsets without affecting production.

In 1999, ADVENT evaluated the impact of suspectedcompounds that inhibit nitrification in production areawastewaters. In late 1998 and early 1999, we responded to atreatment plant upset and performed a treatability study todetermine the impact of suspected inorganic carbondeficiency on nitrification; demonstrated improved resilienceof microorganisms to low temperature shocks withbicarbonate additions; and were subsequently able toimprove full-scale upset response due to high loadings byimplementing bicarbonate additions and adding sludge fromdigester. In early 1998, we performed in-depth temperaturemodeling and developed energy balances to develop cost-effective alternatives to reduce basin temperatures duringsummer operating conditions. Installing surface aerators inequalization basin has allowed plant to operate withintemperature limits for nitrification. No further hightemperature upsets have occurred.

In 1997, ADVENT determined treatment plant operating andperformance capacity limits, developed a program forresponding to system upsets, and developed plans fortreatment plant and production operations during upsets;developed a Wastewater Management Program to providewastewater load management during WWTP upsets withoutaffecting production; developed load reduction plan to

systematically shutdown production areas during severeWWTP upsets; provided assistance during summer 1997WWTP upset. Treatability testing demonstrated that hightemperatures in the aeration basin caused the upset and asimilar upset in summer 1996. ADVENT also evaluatedpotential impact of new production area wastewater onWWTP operations and performance. Treatability testsshowed little overall impact, except for increased causticusage for pH control.

Tennessee Eastman Company - Kingsport, TennesseeADVENT reviewed the treatability data and preliminaryengineering design drawings (as prepared by Black & Veatch)for one of the largest treatment plants of its kind in the UnitedStates and provided overview to Eastman on the design basisand the design. Key design parameters included a flow of 20mgd and a BOD load of 300,000 lbs/day. The design includedequalization, neutralization, activated sludge treatment, andsludge dewatering. This treatment plant was built to replace anearthen lagoon treatment system. Large above-groundaeration basins were constructed that employed a uniquecoarse-bubble aeration system design. ADVENT thencoordinated with the contractor on the final design portion ofthis project.

Texas Eastman Company - Longview, Texas ADVENTworked with AWARE Engineering (of Houston, Texas) and hada major role in the design development, pilot system design,review and conduct of the 1-year long pilot testing program,and preliminary and detailed engineering design of this majornew treatment plant. This treatment plant was also built toreplace an earthen lagoon treatment system. The designincluded primary oil and solids removal, equalization, activatedsludge, final filtration, and sludge handling. Dr. Adams ofADVENT had a major role in wasteload definition, pilot systemdesign, review and direction of the pilot program, establishingthe final process design for the treatment plant, and in review ofthe engineering design work. ADVENT project personnelprovided support by assisting in pilot data summaries, conductof the pilot filter testing, and performing various otherevaluations.

The ADVENT Corporation ORGANIC CHEMICAL AND PESTICIDE

MANUFACTUING INDUSTRY

AGAN CHEMICALS Beer-Sheva,Israel

1993-1995

Performed treatability testing to develop process design for treating highTDS wastewater generated by an herbicides manufacturing facility.Evaluated several treatment alternatives using bench-scale reactors.Process design included pretreatment and biological treatment followedby carbon adsorption columns

AIR PRODUCTS & CHEMICALS San Gabriel, LA 1980 Treatment plant design

BROMINE CHEMICALS Ramat Hovav,Israel

1990 Performed treatability testing to develop process design for treating highTDS (32,000 mg/L) wastewater generated from a bromorganic productionfacility. Developed waste and waste minimization program that resulted ina 20 to 30 percentage in water usage and a similar reduction in wastedischarge into the sewer. Developed a continuous program to assess thebiodegradability of new products. Process design included anaerobicpretreatment physco -chemical treatment pretreatment, aerobic treatmentand effluent desalination.

CHEMADA Israel 1996 Performed treatability testing to develop process design for treating

wastewater generated from a fine chemical production facility. Developedwaste and waste minimization program that resulted in a significantreduction in the waste and wastewater generated by the plant. Processdesign included pretreatment and biological treatment .

CIBA GEIGY Toms River, NJ 1975 Treatability study and treatment plant design. McIntosh, AL 1975 Treatability study and treatment plant design.

MAKTESHIM Beer-Sheva,Israel

1989 Performed treatability testing to develop process design for treating highTDS wastewater (50,000 mg/l) generated from a fungicide productionfacilities. Developed waste and waste minimization program that resultedin a 20 to 30 percentage in water usage and a similar reduction in wastedischarge into the sewer. Process design included pretreatment,biological treatment, and effluent desalination.

MONSANTO CHEMICAL, INC. Muscatine, IA 1989 Conducted R&D biodegradation investigations on new herbicide products

to determine fate in biological WWTP. Conducted carbon isotherm andpilot column tests along with sand/coal filtration.

1995 Provided troubleshooting support during severe operational difficulties.Helped Monsanto gain control of the situation and developed a strategyfor minimizing future difficulties.

Luling, LA 1988 Performed treatability testing to develop process design for treatinggroundwater affected by deep well injection pond operations. Evaluatedseveral technology alternatives using bench-scale tests. Process designincluded steam stripping for high strength groundwater, then combinedgroundwater treated by activated sludge followed by carbon adsorptioncolumns.

1988 Tested reconfigured WWTP for series operation to better handleglyphosate removal under high loading conditions. Conducted treatabilitystudies and trained Luling personnel to perform tests

Chocolate Bayou,LA

1987 Conducted out-of-deep-well treatability studies. Examined single-stage,two-stage, anoxic, and anaerobic biological systems. Included exoticmetals removal systems. Reviewed all BAT technologies.

The ADVENT Corporation ORGANIC CHEMICAL AND PESTICIDE

MANUFACTUING INDUSTRY

Chocolate Bayou,LA

1989 Conducted on-site treatability studies to determine degradability of newproduct(s). Recommended modified operation of WWTP to accommodateincreased load.

1990 Evaluated causes and corrective actions to reduce effluent TSS toOCPSF BAT permit levels. Investigated tertiary coagulation-precipitation,tertiary filtration, and dual polymer addition ahead of secondary clarifiers.

1991 Developed process design for tertiary clarifier.1992 Performed treatability testing examining nutrient impacts and developed

detailed engineeringRAMAT HOVAV INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX

Ramat Hovav,Israel

1999 Performed treatability testing to develop process design for treating highTDS wastewater (50,000 mg/l) generated from a various industries withinan industrial park. Overall scope of work includes waste and water andhazardous sludge management. The. Process design includedpretreatment, air stripping, biological treatment and effluent desalination.

2000 Treatment plant startup.TEVA CHEMICALS

Mexico, MO 1999 Development of Wastewater Management for a Chemical Plant. Settimo, Italy 1998 Development of a Wastewater Concept for a Chemical Plant.

VELSICOL CHEMICALS Memphis, TN 1978 Treatability and treatment plant design for a pesticide plant. Chattanooga, TN 1980 Treatability and treatment plant design for a pesticide plant. Marshall, IL 1982 Treatability and treatment plant design for a pesticide plant.

ZENECA, INC. Bucks, AL 1995 Provided effluent toxicity reduction, cyanide control, and TIE/TRE work at

this pesticide manufacturing plant. Wilmington, NC 1986 Treatability testing for a glyphosate wastewater.

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ADVENT personnel have extensive experience in the design and operation of wastewater treatment facilities for the iron and steel industry.Water quality surveys, treatability studies, design and modification of wastewater treatment and sludge handling facilities, in-plant wastesource reduction, and process optimization are some of the main areas of previous investigations. A partial listing of projects is provided inthe attached table. Project summaries for select projects are provided below.

Bethlehem Steel, U.S. Steel, National Steel, Inland Steel, and LTV Steel (Northwest Indiana Steel Association) ADVENT performed awater quality assessment for these northwest Indiana steel companies in the late 1980’s to determine the impact of then-proposed newIndiana water quality standards. The review indicated that the newly proposed regulations would have a significant impact on the steelmanufacturing industry in this area by requiring major capital spending programs to upgrade wastewater management programs and toconstruct new treatment facilities. The evaluation was conducted by performing an in-depth review of the new regulations, by auditing andinspecting the existing wastewater management programs at each steel mill, developing upgrade requirements potentially applicable to eachsite based on the newly proposed regulations, and developing capital and operating cost estimates for the potentially new facilities. Theanalysis showed capital expenditure of greater than $500 million would be required without a commensurate improvement in environmentalquality. As a result of this work, the proposed water quality regulations were modified to better reflect reasonably attainable water qualitygoals.

Companhia Siderúrgica Paulista (COSIPA) - Cubatão, São Paulo, BrazilADVENT assisted COSIPA in developing an advanced wastewatermanagement program to comply with new regulatory requirements in anexpedient, cost-effective manner. Of special concern was the reduction ofammonia and total cyanide to the new regulatory limits. This consisted of amajor retrofit/upgrade to the existing WWTP and included new process waterequalization and surge storage, retrofitting existing primary and tertiary clarifiers forfluoride and cyanide precipitation, additional aeration basin capacity, and anitrification/denitrification process incorporating the AIS Integral Clarifier. ADVENTis now involved in a turnkey design/build project with US Filter do Brasil andChester Engineers. A mid-2002 startup is expected.

Geneva Steel - Orem, Utah ADVENT performed an audit of the newwastewater treatment plant at the coke works at Geneva Steel. The new

nitrification/denitrification plant was inspected and data were analyzed to evaluate operational performance. As a result of this visit, severaldesign and operational features were noted and potential improvements were recommended.

Ispat Inland Steel – East Chicago, Indiana ADVENT has performed numerous water quality management projects including NPDESpermit renewal negotiation, thermal mixing zone analyses, and watershed TMDL technical assistance. ADVENT has also provided processdesign review for a slag granulation facility WWTP, including provisions for breakpoint chlorination.

United States Steel, LLC - Clairton, Pennsylvania ADVENT performed an evaluation of the aeration system at the coke plant wastewatertreatment plant (WWTP) in 1995 and 1996. The WWTP includes two, 3.5 mil gal activated sludge aeration basins equipped with surfaceaerators. It is necessary to add steam to the aeration basins to maintain desired biological system operating temperatures. In order toreduce steam consumption, an evaluation of replacing the surface aerators with a new subsurface diffused air system was performed. It wasdetermined that a new course bubble diffused air system could be used to replace several of the existing 150 hp fixed mount low speed unitsand greatly reduce steam additions. The new aeration grid could also be installed wet, greatly reducing basin down time. New blowers couldbe installed near the basin to complete the project. ADVENT is now planning to perform wastewater alpha tests and conduct final evaluationsbefore beginning detailed design work.

United States Steel, LLC - Gary, Indiana ADVENT was retained in 1995 todevelop the design for a 300 gpm process wastewater flow from the Coke Plantat the USS Gary Works site. Through an extensive program of technologyevaluations, bench and pilot testing, and cost analyses, a treatment approachwas developed. The treatment system consists of oil and tar removal,equalization and surge storage, free ammonia removal in a steam distillation still,and an activated sludge nitrification/denitrification process incorporating the AISIntegral Clarifier. ADVENT developed the process and preliminary engineeringdesign packages, self performed and/or directed the detailed design, and workedwith a team of construction contractors in a partnering arrangement with USS tostream line work effort and reduce project costs. The new treatment plant,including the AIS system, was started up in late 1998-early 1999. ADVENT alsoprovided NPDES permitting assistance for this discharge from the secondlargest coke plant in North America, including a site specific effluent limit forcyanide based on resident species in the receiving stream. ADVENT alsoprovided complex permitting and regulatory work for the dredging project on theeast branch of the Grand Calumet River. As part of this project ADVENTsimulated granular activated carbon treatment in the laboratory to develop effluent limits. Startup and operational related services providedby ADVENT included:

- developed operating manual- developed standard operating procedures (SOPs)- provided on-site personnel throughout the four-month biological system

startup to assist in operations, provide field training, interpret lab analyses,troubleshoot, etc.

- developed a detailed startup plan for the entire plant and major areas

- developed and conducted a detailed operator training course that includedmultiple classroom sessions, field walkdowns and simulations, and “refresher”training after the startup

- performed brief treatability tests during the startup to evaluate the impact ofindividual wastestreams as nitrification, assess chemical additives, optimizeoperating temperature

AIS Reconfiguration ofexisting basins

COSIPA, Cubatão,São Paulo, Brazil

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FACILITY PROJECT TYPE

AK Steel Ashland, KY - Coke plant WWTP cost estimateAlabama By-Products Birmingham, AL - Coke plant WWTP design

Conshohocken, PA - Coke plant WWTP operations troubleshooting assistanceBethlehem Steel Company Chesterton, IN - Wastewater regulatory impact analysisChattanooga Coke Chattanooga, TN - Coke plant WWTP DesignColorado Fuel & Iron Pueblo, CO - Treatability study and process design of coke oven

wastewater treatment system w/ provisions for nitrificationCOSIPA Steel Cubatão, Brazil - Assist in developing advanced wastewater management

program to comply with new regulatory requirements forNH3-N and CN; Development of process and preliminaryengineering design packages

Geneva Steel Orem, UT - WWTP survey, design, operational analysis; GCR TMDLWork Group

IPSCO IA - NPDES Permitting - WQBELSIspat Inland SteelCompany

East Chicago, IN - Wastewater regulatory impact analysis; WWTP processdesign

Kobe Steel, LTD. Tokyo, Japan - Due diligence reviewLTV Steel Company East Chicago, IN - Wastewater regulatory impact analysis; GCR TMDL Work

GroupCleveland, OH - Conceptual design for new biological wastewater treatment

facility to replace existing physical/chemical plant .Troubleshooting and optimization study ofphysical/chemical treatment system for coke ovenwastewater.

Warren, OH - Treatability study and process design for coke ovenWWTP

Aliquippa, PA - Process design on treatment plant, including stills anddephenolizer

Pittsburgh, PA - Pilot study on nitrogen removal from effluent ofdephenolizer

MacSteel Jackson, MI - WWTP upgrade for zinc and oil & grease removalNational Steel Corporation Portage, IN - Wastewater regulatory impact analysis; TIE/TRE;

Technology Evaluations; Mixing Zone EvaluationEcorse, MI - Mixing zone evaluation/diffuser design; TIE/TRE;

Technology EvaluationsU.S. Pipe Birmingham, AL - Coke plant WWTP design; Ammonia stripper/cyanide

designUnited States Steel, LLC

Gary Works Gary, IN - Coke plant treatability/Pilot Study/New WWTP Design,Site-wide NPDES permitting and compliance assistance;"Dense sludge" clarifier modifications; WWTP operationalassistance; GCR TMDL Work Group; Comments onproposed regulations; Public meetings and hearings

Clairton Works Clairton, PA - WWTP aeration system review/costs and lime useevaluation

Pittsburgh, PA - Assistance with GCR dredging project; PDF treatability;401 Certification; NPDES permitting

Fairfield Works Birmingham, AL - Evaluation of Finishing Mills Wastewater Treatment PlantFairless Philadelphia, PA - Comments on draft NPDES permit; ELGs

Weirton Steel Corporation Weirton, WV - Mixing zone evaluation/diffuser designWheeling Pittsburgh Follonshee, WV - Optimization study for cyanide removal in existing

biological treatment plantWoodward Iron & Steel Birmingham, AL - Coke plant WWTP design

THE ADVENT CORPORATION ISRAEL PROJECT EXPERIENCEAG

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1998Performed treatability testing to develop process design for treating high TDS wastewatergenerated by an herbicides manufacturing facility. Evaluated several treatment alternativesusing bench-scale reactors. Process design included pretreatment and biological treatmentfollowed by carbon adsorption columns

ASH

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Performed treatability testing to develop process design for treating a wastewater generated bya local refinery. Evaluated several treatment alternatives using bench-scale reactors. Processdesign included pretreatment and biological treatment followed by carbon adsorption columns

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Performed treatability testing to develop process design for treating high TDS (32,000 mg/L)wastewater generated from a bromo-organic production facility. Developed waste and wasteminimization program that resulted in a 20 to 30 percentage in water usage and a similarreduction in waste discharge into the sewer. Developed a continuous program to assess thebiodegradability of new products. Process design included anaerobic pretreatment physical-chemical treatment pretreatment, aerobic treatment, and effluent desalination. Designed andoperated a 5 tons BOD/day wastewater treatment plant to treat wastewater by the industrialcomplex on-site. Established a joint venture (JV) between ADVENT in BCL to develop aninnovative biological process to degrade brominated organics.

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Performed treatability testing to develop process design for treating wastewater generated froma fine chemical production facility. Developed waste and waste minimization program thatresulted in a significant reduction in the waste and wastewater generated by the plant. Processdesign included pretreatment and biological treatment .

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1989 Conducted studies to identify filamentous organisms at this paper mill.

CIT

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a 1991 Evaluate the capacity and expansion requirements for the HADERA WWTP

MAKTESHIM

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1992Performed treatability testing to develop process design for treating high TDS wastewater(50,000 mg/l) generated from fungicide production facilities. Developed waste and wasteminimization program that resulted in a 20 to 30 percentage in water usage and a similarreduction in waste discharge into the sewer. Process design included pretreatment, biologicaltreatment, and effluent desalination.

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1998 Initiated a program to increase the capacity of the biological wastewater treatment system atthe Haifa Refinery. ORL developed a basis of design that proposed installation of two newclarifiers increased the hydraulic capacity of the aerated pond system from 350 m3/h to 1,000m3/h. ADVENT provided a Basic Engineering Design Package (BEDP) for this project, whichincluded all the peripheral systems required for the upgrade. This preliminary engineeringpackage included a process design, process flow and piping and instrumentation diagrams withflow and mass balances, general arrangements, equipment layouts, process controlphilosophy, and equipment data specifications.

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1990-2002

Performed treatability testing to develop process design for treating high TDS wastewater(50,000 mg/l) generated from a various industries within an industrial park. Overall scope ofwork included waste and water and hazardous sludge management. The. Process designincluded pretreatment, air stripping, biological treatment and effluent desalination. Based onprocess design and the completion of e detailed engineering, the Council constructed awastewater treatment plant for the park. ADVENT was responsible for developing the entireengineering package to supervise construction and the start up of the treatment plant..

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��

CLIENT / LOCATION WATER SYSTEM PROJECT

ALCOAAlcoa, TN

Little River Streamflow Estimates - NPDES Permitting

Amerada Hess CorporationPort Reading, NJ

Arthur Kill Predictive Modeling of Mixing Zone

American Bottoms Regional WWTFSauget, IL

Mississippi River Expert Testimony, Mixing Zone Study, ToxicityTests, Treatment Technologies. HabitatAssessment, Fate and Effects, and UseAttainability

American Maize Products CompanyHammond, IN

Lake Michigan Mixing Zone Study

American Wood Preserving InstitutePort Reading, NJ

Arthur Kill Predictive Modeling of Mixing Zone

Amoco ChemicalsDecatur, AL

Tennessee River Mixing Zone Study

Amoco Oil CompanyWhiting, IN

Lake Michigan Mixing Zone Study, Treatment TechnologiesEvaluation, TIE/TRE, and Comments ofProposed Permitting and Variance Regulations

B.F. GoodrichHenry, IL

Illinois River Mixing Zone Study, NPDES Permitting

Borden Chemicals and PlasticsIlliopolis, IL

Sangamon River Use Attainability and Treatment PlantUpgrades

Cargill CompanyEddyville, IA

Des Moines River Mixing Zone Delineation, and DispersionOptimization Study

Chemical Manufacturers AssociationWashington, D.C.

Various Evaluation of Technical and EconomicBenefits of Mixing Zones

City of MurfreesboroMurfreesboro, TN

West Fort Stones River/Percy Priest Reservoir

Seasonal Assimilative Capacity Studies, andUse Attainability

Decatur POTWDecatur, AL

Tennessee River Treatment Technologies and Design, andNPDES Permitting

East Chicago Sanitary DistrictEast Chicago, IN

Grand Calumet River Wasteload Allocation, NPDES Permitting,Assimilative Capacity, and IndustrialMonitoring

Eli Lilly and CompanyClinton, IN

Wabash River Mixing Zone Delineation and DiffuserOptimization

FMC Lithium DivisionBessemer City, NC

Abernethy Creek Stormwater Assessment / NPDES PermitReview

GE Nuclear Energy GroupWilmington, NC

North Cape Fear River Chronic and Acute Toxicity Testing, ToxicityReduction Evaluation, and NPDES Permitting

GE Plastics Business GroupMt. Vernon, IN

Ohio River Mixing Zone Study, Toxicity Testing,Treatment Technologies and Design, NPDESPermitting, BAT/BPT FDF Petitions andComments on Proposed Water QualityStandards

GE Plastics Business GroupOttawa, IL

Illinois River Delineation of Mixing Zone

GE TransportationErie, PA

Lake Erie Evaluation of Great Lakes Initiative

Georgia Pacific CorporationAshdown, AR Red River Assimilative Capacity StudiesBrunswick, GA Turtle River/St. Simons Sound Assimilative Capacity StudiesLittle Rock, AR Arkansas River Assimilative Capacity StudiesCrossett, AR Ouachita River Low Flow AnalysesLeaf River, MS Leaf River Expert Testimony of Dioxin

Foodyear Tire & Rubber CompanyUnion City, TN

First Creek Toxicity Testing, Develop Water QualityBased Limits, and NPDES Permitting

Heil-Quaker CorporationLewisburg, TN

Duck River Toxicity Testing, NPDES Permitting

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CLIENT / LOCATION WATER SYSTEM PROJECT

IBP CorporationJoslin, ILLouisa County, IA

Rock RiverCedar & Iowa Rivers

Mixing Zone Study, NPDES Permitting

Indiana Steel Advisory CommitteeEast Chicago, IN

Northern IndianaGrand Calumet RiverLittle Calumet River

Evaluation and Comments on ProposedIndiana Water Quality Standards

ICI AmericasDighton, MA

Taunton River Toxicity Testing, Mixing Zone Study,Treatment Plant Upgrades, and NPDESPermitting

IMCSterlington, LA

Ouachita River Mixing Zone Analysis and Treatment PlantUpgrades

International Paper CompanyBastrop, LA Ouachita River Assimilative Capacity StudyCamden, AR Ouachita River Assimilative Capacity Study

IPSCO Steel Mississippi River Tributary Water Quality Criteria DevelopmentMontpelier, IA

Jefferson Smurfit Wood RiverAlton, IL

Hydrologic Analysis, NPDES Permitting, andDispersion Estimation

Kerr-McGee Forest ProductsTexarkana, ARSpringfield, MO

Wagner and Days CreeksLittle Sac River

Sediment and Water Quality Sampling andAnalysis, and Dye Tracing/Dispersion Studies

3M CorporationCordova, IL

Mississippi River Mixing Zone Study, Toxicity Testing,Treatment Technologies and Design, andHabitat Assessment

Monsanto Chemical CompanyDecatur, AL; Alvin, TX; Luling, LA;Addyston, OH; Bridgeport, NJ; Nitro, WV;Chocolate Bayou, TX; St. Louis, MO;Trenton, MI

Tennessee River, Ohio RiverKanawha River, Others

Expert Testimony, Treatment Technologiesand Design, NPDES Permitting, BioassayTests, and Mixing Zone Study and DiffuserDesign

Olin Brass/Winchester Mississippi RiverEast Alton, IL

Mixing Zone, Diffuser Design, HabitatAssessment, and Treatment Plant Upgrades

Olin Corporation Dispersion Optimization and Diffuser DesignLake Charles, LA Calcasieu RiverHuntsville, AL Huntsville Spring BranchStanford, CT Indian Creek

Rock River Water Reclamation District Rock River Dispersion Optimization and Diffuser DesignRockford, IL

SCM ChemicalAshtabula, OHBaltimore, MD

Fields Brook/Ashtabula RiverPatapsco River

Toxicity Testing, Mixing Zone Study,Wasteload Allocation for Metals, BiologicalImpact Analysis, and NPDES Permitting

Superior Fibers Superior Bay Mixing Zone StudyDuluth, WI

Syntex Pharmaceuticals InternationalFreeport, Grand Bahama Island Atlantic Ocean Ocean Outfall Ecological Evaluation

Upjohn Corporation Quinnipiac RiverNorth Haven, CT

Expert Testimony, Treatment Technologiesand Design, and NPDES Interpretation

Upper Duck River Development Authority Duck River Assimilative Capacity StudyColumbia, TNUS Steel - Gary WorksGary, IN

Grand Calumet River Wasteload Allocation and NPDES PermitModification

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CLIENT/LOCATION WATER SYSTEM PROJECT

A2S

Tacoma, WA Puget Sound Modeling in Support of Clean-up Allocation

AK Steel

Rockport, IN Ohio River Toxicity Assessments - WET and Nitrogen CompoundPermitting

Alcoa

Alcoa, TN Little River Streamflow Estimates, NPDES Permitting, WET Testing

Lafayette, IN Elliot Ditch Reasonable Potential to Exceed (RPE) Analyses,NPDES Permit Renewal, Sampling and Analysis Plans(SAP)

Newburgh, IN Ohio River RPE Analyses, SAP, NPDES Permit Renewal, WETTesting

Ferndale, WA Strait of Georgia RPE Analysis

Delhi, LA Turkey Creek NPDES Permit Review

Amerada Hess Corporation

Port Reading, NJ Arthur Kill Predictive Modeling of Mixing Zone

Purvis, MS Little Black Creek Comprehensive wastewater management program,

Tampa, FL Tampa Bay NPDES Stormwater Assessment

Jacksonville, FL St. John's River NPDES Permit Review

American Automobile Manufacturers Association

Detroit, Michigan Wisconsin Great LakesBasin

Metals Criteria and Translators

American Bottoms Regional WWTF

Sauget, IL Mississippi River Expert Testimony, Mixing Zone Study, Toxicity Tests,Treatment Technologies, River Habitat and BiologicalAssessment, ONP/PNP Removal Credit Application, Fateand Effects Study, NPDES Permit Negotiation, Derivationof Criteria, Removal Credit Application for Cadmium andZinc, Effluent Disinfection Exemption

American Electric Power

Tanner's Creek PGS, IN Ohio River RPE Analyses, SAP

St. Joseph, MI Lake Michigan Dispersion and velocity modeling

Ashland Oil

Catlettsburg, KY Ohio River Comprehensive wastewater management program, TREtreatability studies, source control and toxicity reduction

Barretts Minerals Inc.

Dillon, MT Left Fork Stone Creek Benthic macroinvertebrate, periphyton, and chlorophyll abiomonitoring study in conjunction with water chemistrysurvey to determine NPDES Permit levels for nutrientsand success of sedimentation controls

B.F. Goodrich

Henry, IL Illinois River Mixing Zone Study, NPDES Permitting

Bil Mar Foods

Zeeland, MI Blendon and DeWitt Copper Dissolved Metal Translator

Drainage Basin WET Salt Assessment

Black Beauty Coal

Vermillion Grove, IL Little Vermillion River Stormwater Mixing Zone Evaluation

Borden Chemicals and Plastics

Illiopolis, IL Sangamon River Use Attainability and Treatment Plant Upgrades, Site-Specific Salt Criteria and Temperature Criteria,Bioassessment

BP Amoco Chemicals

Decatur, AL Tennessee River Mixing Zone Study, TIE/TRE Studies

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BP Amoco Oil Company

Whiting, IN Lake Michigan Mixing Zone Study, Treatment Technologies Evaluation,TIE/TRE, Comments of Proposed Water QualityStandards, Bioassessment, NPDES Permit Renewal,Stormwater Permitting

Cargill Company

Eddyville, IA Des Moines River Mixing Zone Delineation, and Dispersion OptimizationStudy

Cerestar USA, Inc. (formerly

American Maize Products Company)

Decatur, IL Tennessee River Stormwater Permitting, SPCC Plan

Hammond, IN Lake Michigan Mixing Zone Study, NPDES Permitting, Comments onProposed Water Quality Regulations, RPE Analysis, SAP,SPCC Plan, Toxicity Assessment

Chemical Manufacturers Association (now ACC)

Washington, D.C. Various Watersheds Evaluation of Technical and Economic Benefits of MixingZones

City of Evansville

Evansville, IN Ohio River Comments on Proposed Water Quality Standards

City of Franklin

Franklin, TN Harpeth River Toxicity Testing and Bioassessment (fish andmacroinvertebrates)

City of Indianapolis

Indianapolis, IN White River, Fall Creek Comments on Proposed Water Quality Standards, CSOand Water Quality Model Review, LTCP SAP, NPDESPermitting

City of Murfreesboro

Murfreesboro, TN West Fort Stones River/ Seasonal Assimilative Capacity Studies, and

Percy Priest Reservoir NPDES Discharge Strategy

Clearon

South Charleston, WV Kanawha River NPDES Permitting, Mixing Zone Application, DiffuserDesign

Commonwealth Edison

Chicago, IL Lake Michigan Tier II Values Development and Mixing Zone ApplicationDerivation of Criteria

Byron, IL Rock River Mixing Zone Analysis and WQBEL Development

Confidential Client

Tennessee Ocoee River Watershed Ecorisk Assessment, Watershed Restoration Planning

DuPont Company

Belle, WV Kanawha River Mixing Zone Study, Diffuser Design and PerformanceEvaluation, NPDES Permitting

Washington, WV Ohio River Mixing Zone Study, NPDES Permitting, RPE Analyses

East Chicago Sanitary District

East Chicago, IL Grand Calumet River Wasteload Allocation, NPDES Permitting, AssimilativeCapacity, and Industrial Monitoring

Elf Atochem

Calvert City, KY Tennessee River Mixing Zone Study, 134a Wastewater and TFA ToxicityEvaluation, NPDES Permitting

Carrollton, KY Ohio River Mixing Zone Assessment

Eli Lilly and Company

Clinton, IN Wabash River Mixing Zone Delineation and Diffuser Optimization

ENRON

Wheatfield Peaker Plant White River, BlackBeauty Lake

RPE Analyses, SAP, NPDES Permitting

Flexsys America LLC

Nitro, WV Kanawha River Mixing Zone Delineation, Diffuser Design, ToxicityTesting, and NPDES Permitting

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FMC Corporation

Bessemer City, NC Abernathy Creek NPDES Stormwater Permitting

GE Appliance Controls

Morrison, IL Rock Creek NPDES Permit Review

GE Nuclear Energy Group

Wilmington, NC North Cape Fear River Chronic and Acute Toxicity Testing, Toxicity ReductionEvaluation, and NPDES Permitting

GE Plastics Business Group

Mt. Vernon, IN Ohio River Mixing Zone Study, Toxicity Testing, NPDES Permitting,Instream / Bisphenol A Sampling, StormwaterPermitting, Comments on Proposed Water QualityStandards, Copper Dissolved Metal Translator Plan,Silver Sampling for Intake Credits

Ottawa, IL Illinois River Mixing Zone Delineation

Burkeville, Alabama Alabama River Diffuser Optimization, Bisphenol A Sampling

GE Power Systems

Schenectady, NY Mohawk River RPE Analyses, SAP, NPDES Permitting and ComplianceEvaluation

GE Silicones

Waterford, NY Hudson River Water Quality Strategic Planning, NPDES Permitting,WLA Model Review

GE Specialty Chemicals

Morgantown, WV Monongahela River Mixing Zone Study, NPDES Permit Limit Development

GE Transportation

Erie, PA Lake Erie Evaluation of Great Lakes Initiative, RPE Analyses, IntakeSAP, Stormwater Permitting

Georgia Pacific Corporation

Ashdown, AR Red River Assimilative Capacity Studies and Discharge Strategy

Brunswick, GA Turtle River/St. Simons Sound

Assimilative Capacity Studies and WLA Modeling

Little Rock, AR Arkansas River Dissolved Oxygen Modeling

Crossett, AR Ouachita River Use Attainability Analysis

Leaf River, MS Leaf River Expert Testimony of treatment technologies, Dioxin

Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company

Union City, TN First Creek Toxicity Testing, Develop WQBELs, NPDES Permitting,SAPs, Pretreatment Permitting, chronic toxicity controlstudies

Deer Park, TX Houston Ship Canal NPDES Permitting, TMDL Development

Apple Grove, WV Ohio River NPDES Permitting

Honeywell (formerly Allied Signal, Syntex

Pharmaceuticals International, and PFC)

Freeport, Grand Bahama Island Atlantic Ocean Ocean Outfall Ecological Evaluation and Mixing ZoneAnalysis

HOVENSA (formerly HOVIC)

St. Croix, USVI Limetree Bay Mixing Zone Analysis and Diffuser Design, NPDESPermitting, Oil Spill Trajectory & Weathering Modeling,FRP and VRP, DO Monitoring and Assessment, CZMPermit Baseline Monitoring

IBP Corporation

Joslin, IL Rock River Mixing Zone Study, and NPDES Permitting

Clumbus Junction Cedar & Iowa Rivers Mixing Zone Field Assessment, Expert Testimony

IMC

Sterlington, LA Ouachita River Mixing Zone Analysis

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IERG

Springfield, IL Lake MichiganWatershed

Great Lakes Initiative Impact and Regulatory Negotiations

Indiana Steel Advisory Committee

East Chicago, IN Grand Calumet River Evaluation and Comments on Proposed

Little Calumet River Indiana Water Quality Standards

Ispat Inland Steel Company

East Chicago, IN Grand Calumet River RPE Analyses, SAP, NPDES Permit Renewal, TMDLDevelopment, Thermal Mixing Zone, Anti-degradationdemonstration

International Paper Company

Bastrop, LA Ouachita River Assimilative Capacity Study

Camden, AR Ouachita River Assimilative Capacity Study

Terre Haute, IN Wabash River DMT Study, NPDES Permitting

IPSCO Steel

Montpelier, IA Mississippi RiverTributary

Water Quality Criteria Development, AntidegradationDemonstration

Jefferson Smurfit

Alton, IL Wood River Hydrologic Analysis, NPDES Permitting, and DispersionEstimation

Kerr-McGee Forest Products

Texarkana, AR Wagner and DaysCreeks

Sediment and Water Quality Sampling and Analysis, and

Springfield, MO Little Sac River Dye Tracing/Dispersion Studies

Lomac

Muskegon, MI Black Creek Reasonable Potential to Exceed (RPE) Analysis

LS Power

McCombs, MS Bogue Chitto River Mercury Characterization, NPDES Permit Comments

Osceola, AR Mississippi River Mercury Characterization, NPDES Permit Comments

Burkville, AL Alabama River River Characterization (including mercury)

Early Cnty, GA Chattahoochee River River Characterization, NPDES Permit Application

Marion Cnty, SC Great Peedee River Mercury Characterization

Hopewell, VA James River River Characterization

LTV Steel

East Chicago, IN Grand Calumet River TMDL Development

3M Corporation

Cordova, IL Mississippi River Mixing Zone Study, Toxicity Testing, TreatmentTechnologies and Design, and Habitat Assessment

Decatur, AL Tennessee River NPDES Permitting

Cottage Grove, MN Mississippi River NPDES Permitting, Toxicity Assessment, TreatmentTechnologies

Micron Technology, Inc.

Boise, ID Boise River Comments on City NPDES Permit, RPE, WQBELDevelopment

National Steel

Ecorse, MI Detroit River Mixing Zone Study and Diffuser Design and PerformanceEvaluation

Portage, IN Burns Ditch TIE/TRE, Temperature Modeling, Fish Collections

NIPSCO

Bailey PGS, IN Lake Michigan Reasonable Potential to Exceed (RPE) Analysis

Schahfer PGS, IN Kanakee River RPE Analysis, SAP, Mixing Zone Analysis

Olin Brass/Winchester

East Alton, IL Mississippi River Mixing Zone, Diffuser Design, Habitat Assessment,and Treatment Plant Upgrades, and Comments on ELGs

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Olin Corporation

Lake Charles, LA Calcasieu River Dispersion Optimization and Diffuser Design

Huntsville, AL Huntsville Spring Branch Toxicity testing, NPDES permitting, Bioaccumulationstudies

Precoat Metals

Portage, IN Burns Ditch Reasonable Potential to Exceed (RPE) Analysis

Primary Energy

Merrifield, IN Lake Michigan NPDES Permitting

Pristine

West Chester, OH Mill Creek DMT Work Plan and Implementation

Pyron Metal Powders

Greenback, TN Spring Creek Stormwater Assessment

Rock River Water Reclamation District

Rockford, IL Rock River Dispersion Optimization and Diffuser Design

SCM Chemical

Ashtabula, OH Fields Brook/AshtabulaRiver

Toxicity Testing, Mixing Zone Study, NPDES Permitting

Shell Chemicals

Apple Grove, WV Ohio River NPDES Permitting and Stormwater Permitting

Solutia, Inc. (formerly

Monsanto Chemical Company)Decatur, AL; Alvin, TX; Addyston, OH;Bridgeport, NJ; Chocolate Bayou, TX; Sauget,IL; St. Louis, MO; Trenton, MI

Tennessee River, OhioRiver, Mississippi RiverDetroit River, Others

Expert Testimony, NPDES Permitting, Bioassay Tests,Mixing Zone, Studies and Diffuser Design, StormwaterPermitting, Ceriodaphnia dubia and fathead minnow acutetests, and TRE's

Southern Energy (now Mirant)

Stateline PGS, IN Lake Michigan RPE Analysis, SAP, NPDES Permit Renewal

Sugar Creek PGS, IN Wabash River NPDES Permitting, Mercury Characteization, DMT Study

Stillwater Mining Company

Big Timber, MT East Boulder River NPDES Permit Biomonitoring for permit limit validation.

Columbus, MT Stillwater River NPDES Permit biomonitoring for antidegredationcompliance.

Upjohn Corporation

North Haven, CT Quinnipiac River Expert Testimony, Treatment Technologies and Design,and NPDES Interpretation

U.S. Steel Corporation

Gary, IN Grand Calumet River Wasteload Allocation, Site-specific Criteria, TMDLDevelopment, NPDES Permitting, Temperature Modeling,Fluoride Toxicity Testing, Benzo(a)pyrene field-measuredBAF, SAP, RPE Analysis

Fairless, PA Delaware River NPDES Permit Appeal

Chicago, IL Calumet River, LakeMichigan

NPDES Permitting

Weirton Steel

Weirton, WV Ohio River Mixing Zone Study and Preliminary Diffuser Design

West Virginia Manufacturers Association

Charleston, WV Mixing Zone Seminar, Antidegradation Seminar

Zeneca Ag Products

Bucks, AL Dog River Identified critical toxic wastestreams through bench-scaletreatment and resynthesis for NPDES Permit WETcompliance

Zeneca, Inc.

Dighton, MA Taunton River Toxicity Testing, Mixing Zone Studies, Diffuser Design,NPDES Permitting, and Stormwater Permitting

Mt. Pleasant, TN Bigby River Site-specific Criteria, WQBEL Development, In-streamSurvey, WET Testing

STATEMENT OF QUALIFICATIONS

For more information about The �� Group, Inc.’s services, please call us at:

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ADVENT was formed to provide the very best technical and integrated consulting and engineering services inthe field of Industrial Wastewater Management. We are a highly responsive organization, dedicated toadding value through a problem-solving approach to the environmental issues and challenges we and ourclients face. Specific service areas include:

� Industrial Wastewater Management � Regulatory Management Services� Detailed Design Engineering / Construction Services � Water Resources Engineering� Innovative Technology Development �� Operations Services and Support� Ecotoxicological Services

ADVENT’s Ecotoxicology Group provides services in the areas of laboratory toxicity testing andidentification, field biological and water quality assessment, and related consulting services. The followingservices are provided as stand-alone services or in support of interdisciplinary projects:

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• Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET) Testing(freshwater & saltwater)

• Terrestrial Toxicity Tests• Product Toxicity Tests (aquatic, sediment,

terrestrial)• Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE)• Microtox� Testing

• Site-specific Translators and CriteriaDerivation

• Great Lakes Initiative (GLI) CriteriaDerivation

• Sediment and Sediment ElutriateToxicity Tests

• Toxicity Reduction Evaluation (TRE)

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• Biological Assessment (Fish andMacroinvertebrates)

• Water Quality and Habitat Assessments

• Endangered Species Assessments• Wetlands Delineation

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(ARAP)• NPDES Permitting Support• Erosion Control Plans• Ecological Risk/Impact Assessment

• Stormwater Endangered SpeciesImpact Assessment

• Site-specific Permit Limit Derivation• Water Effects Ratios (WERs)

For additional information on Ecotoxicology Services,call Scott Hall at (615) 377-4775 x 154 or e-mail [email protected].

These services are tailored to meet client needs on a case-by-case basis; they are offered as stand-aloneservices or as part of an engineering and/or regulatory compliance study designed to address and meetregulatory requirements in the most cost-effective and beneficial manner to the client. The EcotoxicologyGroup’s laboratory, field, and consulting services and representative projects are overviewed as follows.

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ADVENT operates a state-of-the-art toxicologylaboratory at its facilities in Brentwood (Nashville),Tennessee, which is equipped with temperature-controlled culture and test rooms.

A copy of the ADVENT Standard OperatingProcedures (SOP) document and/or copies of ourUSEPA DMR and reference toxicant data areavailable upon request.

Representative NPDES toxicity testing andToxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE) andToxicity Reduction Identification (TRE) clients arelisted in Tables 1 and 2.

ADVENT personnel have conducted numerouseffluent “fractionation” studies as part of TIEsand TREs and have published peer-reviewed articles on these techniques. Although these techniquesutilize some conventional fractionation steps, they focus on “real world” techniques, which could beapplied by our wastewater engineers.

Mobile facilities are provided on a case-by-case basis as are field studies, such as on-site flow-through effluent toxicity studies.Testing with less conventional species (i.e.,bluegill, rainbow trout, etc.) has also beenprovided for specialized studies.

ADVENT also offers sediment andterrestrial toxicity testing in support ofecological risk assessments and otherconsulting areas.

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Increased attention is being given toassessing the in-stream effects ofchemicals. With the release of revisedprocedures to assess in-stream biological

conditions (e.g., USEPA 841-B-99-002), state regulatory personnel are adding in-stream monitoringrequirements to NPDES discharge permits and as part of environmental assessments under CERCLAand RCRA. Assessing in-stream biological conditions is often an integral part of determining whetherimpacts due to site contaminants have occurred. Additionally, in-stream biological, water quality, andhabitat assessments are often utilized as part of the NPDES permit negotiation process, or as part of theTennessee Aquatic Resource Alternation Permitting (ARAP) process.

ADVENT has also conducted numerous river, lake, and stream surveys to assess the physical, chemical,and biological conditions at a site. These surveys have been conducted in conjunction with constructingdiffusers, applying for alternative discharge limits, and determining in-stream effects of wastewaterdischarges. Field studies have been conducted for the following clients:

• Allied Signal (Freeport, Bahamas) • Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company

• Aluminum Smelter (Confidential Client) • IBP (2 locations)

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• American Bottoms Regional WWTF • Midwest Steel (Midwest Division, National Steel)

• Amoco Chemical and Amoco Oil • Monsanto Chemical Company (3 locations)

• B. F. Goodrich • Olin Brass

• Carrel • SCM Chemicals

• City of Franklin, Tennessee • 3M Specialty Adhesive & Chemicals Division

• City of Murfreesboro, Tennessee • Upper Duck River Development Authority

• Georgia Pacific • Zeneca (formerly ICI Americas)

We have all appropriate equipment to conduct the toxicological and field studies described herein,including:

Various nets, electro-shocking equipment,fluorometers, flow meters,

and bathymetric equipmentA state-of-the

art toxicology laboratory

Various field equipment for water qualitymonitoring, including hydrolabs, datasondes,

and dye tracer study equipment

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TABLE 1TOXICITY TESTING SERVICES FOR

REPRESENTATIVE CLIENTSCLIENT TESTS

Alcoa – Warick, IN Ceriodaphnia dubia, Fathead Minnow, Daphniamagna Acute Tests

American Bottoms Regional WWTP – Sauget, IL Fathead Minnow, Ceriodaphnia dubia Acute testsAngus Chemical – Sterlington, LA Ceriodaphnia dubia and Fathead Minnow Chronic

TestsAnalytical Industrial Research Laboratories -Chattanooga, TN

Microtox®, Various NPDES Acute and Chronic tests.

Ashland Chemical - Columbus, OH “Pure Chemical” tests with Mysid Shrimp andSheepshead minnow, Acute and Chronic tests.

Atofina - Calvert City and Carrollton, KY Ceriodaphnia dubia, Fathead Minnow, Acute andChronic and Daphnia magna Acute tests.

Bilmar Foods - Zeeland, MI Fathead minnow, Ceriodaphnia dubia Acute andChronic; Daphnia magna 21-day chronic tests.

Coey Tanning - Wartrace, TN Ceriodaphnia and Fathead Minnow Chronic tests.Confidential Oil Company – Midwest Fathead Minnow, Ceriodaphnia dubia Acute and

Chronic, Chronic Recon. tests. Chronic Polymer,Microtox®.

Confidential Client - Mt. Vernon, IN ; Wilmington, NC;Cincinnati, OH

Ceriodaphnia dubia Acute tests, Chronic tests,Daphnia magna, and Daphnia pulex tests.

Exxon – Various North Carolina Locations Various NPDES Acute tests.Georgia Pacific - Jarratt, VA Ceriodaphnia dubia and Fathead Minnow Chronic

tests, pathogen assessments.Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co. - Union City, TN Ceriodaphnia dubia and Fathead

Minnow Chronic tests, pathogen studies.ICI Americas - Dighton, MA Mysid Acute tests.Mallinckrodt Medical Products - Dublin, Ireland Crangon (shrimp) Acute tests.Midwest Steel - Portage, IN Ceriodaphnia dubia and Fathead Minnow Chronic

tests.Solutia Inc. - Decatur, AL Ceriodaphnia and Fathead acute tests.Monsanto Chemical - Nitro, WV Fathead Minnow, Daphnia pulex, Daphnia magna,

Acute tests.Mueller Brass, Port Huron – MI Daphnia magna, Daphnia pulex, Acute tests.Nashville, City of - Nashville, TN Ceriodaphnia dubia and Fathead

Minnow Chronic tests.Olin Corporation - Lake Charles, LA Fathead Minnow, Daphnia pulex Acute tests.SCM Chemicals - Ashtabula, OH Fathead Minnow, Ceriodaphnia dubia, Acute,

Chronic, Acute TIE and Chronic Recon. tests.Southern Environmental Testing – Florence, AL Various NPDES Acute and Chronic tests.Springs Industries - Griffin, GA Fathead Minnow, Daphnia, Ceriodaphnia dubia Acute

tests.Tennessee Ready Mix Concrete Assoc. - Nashville, TN Fathead Minnow, Ceriodaphnia dubia, Acute tests.Tennessee Valley Authority Various fish, invertebrates, and algal toxicity tests.Test America, Various Locations Acute and Chronic Fathead minnow and Ceriodapnia.3M - Cordova, IL; Decatur, AL Fathead Minnow Acute tests.UpJohn – New Haven, CT Daphnia magna, Mysid, Grass Shrimp Acute tests.United States Steel Corporation - Gary, IN Fathead Minnow, Ceriodaphnia Acute and Chronic

tests. Acute and Chronic tests w/ midges, snails andamphipods, and 30-day flow-through studies with fish.Rainbow trout Acute tests.

Westlake Monomer – Calvert City, KY Ceriodaphnia Acute tests.Zeneca, Inc. - Bucks, AL Ceriodaphnia Acute tests.Zeneca, Inc. - Mt. Pleasant, TN Fathead Minnow, Ceriodaphnia Acute

and Chronic tests.

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TABLE 2TIE/TRE OR RELATED CONSULTING SERVICES

REPRESENTATIVE CLIENTSCLIENT TIE AND TRE SERVICES

Ashland Petroleum - Canton, OH; Cattlesburg, Ky;St. Paul Park, MN

Toxicity treatability studies and TIE/TRE, studies.

Atofina – Calvert City, KY TIE, developed protocol for identification of salt asa Toxicant.

Confidential Refinery – Midwest Acute and chronic TIE and TRE, Microtox®, andreconstituted effluent testing.

Confidential Specialty Chemical – AL Ceriodaphnia dubia Toxicity IdentificationEvaluation, Assessments of metal “fate” andtoxicity.

Confidential Steel Mill – Midwest Matrix-specific testing to identify role of nitrite andnitrate in causing toxicity to Ceriodaphnia.

Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company - Union City,TN

Fathead minnow and Ceriodaphnia chronictoxicity control studies (metals). Fish pathogenidentification and permit modifications.

Confidential Client – Wilmington, NC TRE - acute and chronic testing.Confidential Client - Mt. Vernon, IN Developed Toxicity Reduction Plan; acute testing.Hess Oil – Virgin Islands, USA Wastewater Management Plan for toxicity control.ICI Americas - Dighton, MA Evaluated in-plant and end-of-pipe toxicity control

options.Midwest Steel - Portage, IN Fish pathogen toxicity identification and control,

reconstituted effluent testing, bench-scale toxicitycontrol testing, and permit negotiation.

Monsanto – Nitro, WV Wastewater Management Plan and permitnegotiation for toxicity compliance, treatability/toxicity control studies.

SCM – Ashtabula, OH TIEs, reconstituted effluent testing.3M Corporation - Cordova, IL Toxicity and habitat evaluations for obtaining a

mixing zone.Upjohn – North Haven, CT TIE, TRE with freshwater and saltwater

organisms.US Steel – Gary IN Source Water Toxicity Study.Westlake Monomers - Calvert City, KY TIE, wastewater/toxicity data correlations,

salt/toxicity evaluations.Zeneca, Inc. - Mt. Pleasant, TN Developed GAC toxicity control measures.Zeneca Ag Products - Bucks, AL Identified critical toxic wastestreams through

bench- scale treatment and resynthesis.

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Endangered Species Assessment, Erosion Control Plans NPDES permits, including multi-sector stormwater permits andconstruction site permits, are increasingly requiring assessments of potential impacts to threatened and endangered species.The construction site permits also require Erosion Control Plans and specific consideration of potentially impactedwaterbodies. ADVENT provides endangered species assessment in support of these and related projects. We also prepareConstruction Site Erosion Control Plans and related Stormwater Management Plants.

NPDES Permit Negotiation and Technical Studies Due to the limited resources of state regulatory agencies, state NPDESpermit writers often are unable to adequately address the site-specific factors relevant to setting appropriate discharge limits.For example, dilution allowances and appropriate wasteload allocations, site-specific water quality characteristic’s effects on achemical’s toxicity, the sensitivity of receiving stream biota, and the appropriate designated uses of the waterbody often arenot considered. These and other factors can have a profound impact on the discharge limits assigned to a facility. ADVENThas represented numerous industrial clients in NPDES permit negotiations and has designed and conducted supportingstudies to obtain alternative discharge limits (e.g., water effect ratios, translators, resident species criteria, etc.).

We possess a unique combination of personnel with expertise in the regulatory, toxicological, and engineering aspects ofNPDES permitting. ADVENT personnel work as an interdisciplinary team to determine the appropriate site-specific conditionsupon which to base a discharge permit. We have provided NPDES permitting services and supporting technical studies tonumerous clients, including:

• American Bottoms Regional WWTF, Sauget, IL • Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, Union City, TN• Amoco, Whiting, IN • Jefferson Smurfit, Alton, IL• Ashland Oil, Catlettsburg, KY and Canton, OH • Solutia Inc, Nitro, WV & Decatur, AL• Borden Chemicals, Illiopolis, IL • SCM, Ashtabula, OH• Confidential Refinery Midwest • U.S. Steel, Gary, IN• Confidential Client, IN • Zeneca (formerly ICI Americas), Dighton, MA• East Chicago Sanitary District, East Chicago, IN • 3M Company, Cordova, IL

Ecological Impact And Risk We have conductednumerous river and stream impact studies and studiesof likely impacts due to proposed actions, such as diffuserinstallation and/or a new effluent discharge. Thesestudies have involved assessments of all levels ofbiological organization (e.g., algae, periphyton,macrobenthos, fish) and have typically been multifacetedstudies, which evaluated biological conditions, habitatconditions, and the concentrations and forms of potentialtoxicants. Assigning or predicting biological or ecologicaleffects to a certain factor is often quite complex and mustconsider not only the current physical, chemical, andbiological conditions at a site, but historical conditions anduses as well. Such studies are, by nature, highlymultidisciplinary and often call for "best professionaljudgment.” For example, even when statistically significanteffects can be identified, these effects are often not“biologically significant.”

GLI Tier I and Tier II Criteria Derivation Under the Great Lakes Initiative (GLI), discharges have the option of developingchemical-specific criteria based on organisms representative of the receiving stream. Criteria derivation is typically conductedfor chemicals for which a small database exists. These chemicals have large “adjustment factors” built-in to permit limitderivation. By developing additional aquatic toxicity data on these chemicals, the adjustment factors are decreased, andmore realistic, yet protective discharge limits are applied. ADVENT has completed one of the few GLI Tier I/II criteriaderivation studies. Testing of several trophic levels, including a 30-day flow-through toxicity study, was recently completed.

Effluent Pathogen Identification ADVENT has been on the cutting edge of identifying the presence of fish pathogens ineffluents. In addition to presenting these data at scientific conferences, we have developed treatment technologies andobtained innovative permit-relief mechanisms for a client with this unique effluent “toxicity” condition. ADVENT has alsodeveloped a database of case studies around the country to document that our unique approaches to this phenomenon arejustified.

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Specialized Interdisciplinary Studies The EcotoxicologyGroup routinely participates in highly interdisciplinary projects toresolve wastewater compliance issues. For example, ADVENTrecently completed a study of cyanide chemistry and toxicity ina coke plant effluent. The study, through testing of warmwaterand coldwater (i.e., trout) species, demonstrated that the freeform of cyanide as measured via the semi-permeablemembrane method was appropriate for determining permitcompliance of cyanide limits. Supporting chemical analysesdemonstrated that, as expected, the metalocyanides in theeffluent were not toxic.

Defining Biological Integrity ADVENT utilizes reference sitemacroinvertebrate data to develop biological integrity andbiological diversity metrics for an inactive mining site. Multiplestreams and various collection methods and habitats have beenassessed in support of regulatory negotiation and criteriadevelopment.

TIE/TRE Services A forte of the Ecotoxicology Group is itsToxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE) and Toxicity Reduction Evaluation (TRE) services. The group works closely with thewastewater treatment group in developing practical solutions to effluent toxicity problems. Additionally, toxicology personnelhave published various papers and given numerous talks on TIE/TRE studies at professional society meetings, such asSETAC and WEF. Some of ADVENT’s more recent TIE/TRE studies are summarized in Attachment 1, but they oftenincorporate a very multidisciplinary approach, evaluating both permitting and engineering options. The technical studies oftenincorporate “fractionation” studies to identify key chemical groups causing toxicity, bench-scale treatments to preliminarilyassess treatment options, effluent resynthesis studies to identify key wastestreams causing toxicity, toxicant modeling studiesof salt toxicity, and specific chemical spiking studies.

We have the necessary project experience and personnel to efficiently design and conduct biological and ecological studiesto determine actual or potential effects due to current conditions or risks due to future actions. These projects typically involvefield studies, but can also utilize laboratory studies designed to compliment the fieldwork. In such cases, aquatic, sediment,or terrestrial toxicity tests can be used to determine causality. Descriptions of representative biological impact assessmentprojects conducted by ADVENT personnel are presented in Attachment 1. Examples of past experience in these areasinclude assessing the effects of heavy metals on acidic stream fish and invertebrates, assessing the effects of effluents onreceiving stream biota, and macroinvertebrate and habitat assessments related to potential diffuser impacts.

Mr. Scott Hall, Manager of ADVENT’sEcotoxicology Services Group, has 15 years ofpost-graduate (MS) research and consultingexperience in the field of aquatic toxicology andimpact assessments and is a CertifiedProfessional Ecologist. His advanced degree isin aquatic toxicology, and he has published over20 peer-reviewed articles on various aspects ofthe fate and effects of chemicals in aquaticecosystems. Mr. Hall has extensive experiencein whole effluent toxicity testing and toxicityidentification and reduction methods and haspublished effluent fractionation protocols andpresented the results of numerous fractionationstudies at professional meetings, as well asteaching related short courses. Additionally, hehas conducted numerous stream and biologicalsurveys and related field studies to determineeffects of chemicals on aquatic life. Mr. Hall hasalso assisted in NPDES permit negotiations onbehalf of industry and in developing andconducting technical studies in support ofobtaining alternative discharge limits. Hismemberships include the Society ofEnvironmental Toxicology and Chemistry’s(SETAC’s) Expert Advisory Panel on WholeEffluent Toxicity (WET).

Ms. Liza Heise has over 10 years ofexperience in culturing and testingfreshwater and saltwater aquatic organismsand conducting water quality and biologicalassessments. Ms. Heise also hasexperience in data quality assessment,TIE/TRE studies, biological assessment, andbiodegradation and bioaccumulation studies.

Mr. Richard Lockwood has over 15 yearsexperience collecting and culturing fish andconducting biological and water qualityassessments and over 5 years experience intoxicity testing and related wastewatertreatability studies. Mr. Lockwood is alsowell-versed in various water and wastewatertreatment techniques as applied toaquaculture and industrial effluent treatment.He serves as ADVENT’s Quality Control(QC) officer for the toxicology laboratory andis a member of SETAC and WaterEnvironment Federation (WEF).

Ms. Teri Horsley, EcotoxicologyLaboratory Manager, provides supportduring field studies and overseesADVENT’s Laboratory QualityAssurance (QA) program. She hasover 8 years of toxicity testingexperience and is an active member ofthe Society of EnvironmentalToxicology and Chemistry (SETAC).Ms. Horsley has participated innumerous TIE/TRE studies, Phase IAudits, and lead-based paint studies.

Ms. Cheryl Forslund, Ms. KathyRoth, Mr. John Callighan, Ms. DebraSolomon, and Ms. Megan Rollie alsoserve the aquatic toxicology group aslaboratory technicians.

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ALCOA, Warrick, IN On-site pilot treatability studies wereconducted with laboratory TIE efforts to identify a surfactant as theprimary source of acute toxicity to the fathead minnow. Processdesign parameters for waste treatment for toxicity control weredeveloped through the pilot-scale treatability studies. Evaluationsof salt and surfactant toxicity were also conducted.

Chemical Plant, KY ADVENT conducted extensive statisticalevaluations of process flows and quality versus effluent toxicity asrelated to TDS-induced toxicity. With TDS tentatively identified asa causative toxicant, laboratory TIE studies utilized additions of“major ions” to control water to mimic effluent constituents. Verysimilar toxicity results were obtained for actual and mock effluentof the same TDS components. The Salinity/Toxicity Relationshipmodel also confirmed these results, as did parallel testing of TDS-sensitive (e.g., Ceriodaphnia) and “TDS-tolerant” organisms (e.g.,fathead minnow). Calcium and chloride were identified as primarytoxicants by developing toxicity ratios for these constituents.

Confidential Client, AL ADVENT recently completed a TIE/TREstudy for a chemical plant effluent exhibiting acute toxicity toCeriodaphnia dubia. Studies included effluent fractionation testing,chemical analyses, statistical evaluations of analytical andoperational data, in-plant monitoring of process waters, chemicaladditions to effluent to reproduce effluent toxicity via knownconstituents, investigations into organics-induced toxicity, studieson metal synergism, and use of alternative test species such asMicrotox and “Daphnia IQ” testing for quick-turnaround results.Constituents evaluated were salts (primarily bicarbonate), metals,and organics. A metal, whose complex chemistry in thiswastewater caused its toxicity, was identified as the toxicant.

Confidential Client, Midwest In addition to evaluating thepossible wastewater treatment plant upgrades needed to achievewater quality-based permit limits, ADVENT conducted a toxicityreduction evaluation at a refinery in the midwest to attaincompliance with chronic toxicity endpoints. This involved: abaseline study of acute toxicity and chronic toxicity and thecorrelation to Microtox® results, a toxicity identification evaluation,a possible end-of-pipe treatment investigation, source controlevaluations and treatment, and optimizing WWTP performance.Extensive effluent characterization and toxicity "fractionation"studies were conducted. Advanced statistical techniques werealso employed to identify significant trends between toxicity andchemical parameters.

Confidential Client, Southeast ADVENT conducted effluenttoxicity tests of key wastewaters at their percent contribution to thefinal outfall. Statistical evaluations of effluent toxicity levels versusvarious flow and in-plant waste stream chemical parameters wereused to identify TDS as the key effluent toxicant to Ceriodaphnia.A primary and secondary toxicant source were identified.

Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, Union City, TN Copperand zinc were identified as primary chronic toxicants toCeriodaphnia in one outfall via standard USEPA fractionationtechniques and supporting chemical analyses. In-plant monitoringand re-routing of high-metals waters resulted in toxicity control. Ata second outfall, a fish pathogen was identified as the source ofchronic toxicity to fathead minnows. A regulatory allowance forsample filtration prior to testing was obtained from TDEC for thepurposes of assessing toxicity compliance. Filtration was shown toremove the pathogen interfering with toxicity tests, and compliancewas obtained via this strategy.

HOVENSA, USVI ADVENT recently completed an extensiveWastewater Management Program Plan for HOVENSA, UnitedStates Virgin Islands. This program provided HOVENSAmanagement with a complete water balance calculation for the

HOVENSA refinery, terminals, and petrochemical complex and acomprehensive wastewater management concept. Thecomprehensive wastewater management concept included theprocess design of wastewater treatment units aimed to produceeffluent of low aquatic toxicity (marine) and extremely low TOC. Inthe future, portions of the effluent, particularly stormwater, will beconsidered for recycling.

ICI Toxicity Reduction Program, Mt. Pleasant, TN ADVENTassisted ICI in an aquatic toxicity testing program using bothCeriodaphnia dubia and Fathead Minnows as test species.ADVENT developed and confirmed granular activated carbontreatment as means of reducing the toxicity of stormwaterdischarges from this plant. The program was initiated on aquarterly basis to meet specifications outlined by the NPDESpermit.

Flexsys, Nitro, WV ADVENT conducted a comprehensive in-plantsurvey of production methods and developed recommendedsource control procedures to maximize use of the existing WWTPto meet OCPSF-based discharge limits as well as toxicity limits.Further refinements in the source control program allowed the rawwaste load to be reduced by 30 to 55 percent at source, thus,reducing end-of-pipe costs by $2,500,000. All OCPSFconstituents are handled at source. ADVENT assisted indeveloping the strategy and format for new OCPSF BAT NPDESpermit negotiations with State and USEPA personnel and iscurrently providing toxicity testing services and diffuser-relatedfield services in support of negotiating new permit limits.

National Steel, Midwest Division, Portage, IN A fish pathogenwas identified as the primary source of chronic toxicity to thefathead minnow. Through bench-scale studies,chlorination/filtration and biological treatment were determined tobe effective treatments for controlling this agent. Further studiesidentified the most cost-effective control measures.

Norandal, USA, Huntingdon, TN Testing of source waters andcooling tower additives identified key sources of toxicity, whichwere then re-routed to obtain compliance with NPDES limits foreffluent toxicity.

TIE, Westlake Monomers, Calvert City, KY ADVENT conductedeffluent toxicity tests of key wastewaters at their percentcontribution to the final outfall, supporting these test data withstatistical evaluations of effluent toxicity levels versus various flowand in-plant wastestream chemical parameters to identify TDS asthe key effluent toxicant to Ceriodaphnia dubia. A primary andsecondary toxicant source were identified.

Toxicity Reduction Plan, Monthly Bioassays, NPDESPermitting, IN Monthly acute toxicity tests were performed for aconfidential client in Indiana to satisfy NPDES biomonitoringrequirements. To identify toxicity caused by the dissolved saltpresent in the plant effluent, ADVENT demonstrated that the"apparent toxicity" observed in the undiluted effluent was causedby salt. We then assisted the client in relocating the effluentsampling point. The sampling approach was developed based onan effluent dispersion study performed by ADVENT usingfluorescent dyes to delineate effluent mixing characteristics. Thefacility has decreased the sampling frequency to a quarterlytesting schedule based on a successful series of tests. ADVENTalso prepared a Toxicity Reduction Plan to satisfy NPDES permitcriteria. The plan outlined a methodical approach to toxicityidentification and reduction at the facility in the event that toxicity isobserved in the plant discharge to the Ohio River.

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Aquatic Habitat and Mixing Zone Assessment -East Alton, IL An aquatic habitat assessment anddye dispersion study were conducted to characterizethe habitat and mixing characteristics of theMississippi River near East Alton, Illinois. The studywas conducted in support of efforts to obtain amultiport diffuser. Sediment sampling andcharacterization were conducted, as was anassessment of the mussel community in the area.The diffuser was subsequently obtained.

Aquatic Habitat and Mixing Zone Assessment -Cordova, IL A mixing zone and aquatic habitatassessment was conducted in support of efforts toobtain a submerged diffuser for a large industrialdischarger to the Mississippi River. Sedimentcharacterization, macroinvertebrate sampling, anassessment of the mussel community, and dyedispersion studies were performed. The diffuser wassubsequently constructed.

Aquatic Resource Alteration Permitting ADVENTprovided field biological and water quality, as well asmitigation support measures for a rock quarryexpansion and stream relocation in east Tennessee.Endangered species assessments anddeterminations of the presence or absence ofwetlands were also provided.

Ecological Risk Assessments, NY The potentialecological risk of organic sediment chemicals tovarious organisms was assessed at a site for threePRPs. Data from reviews of toxic levels of thechemicals, fate and transport of the chemicals, andreceptor organisms (sediment and higher trophiclevels) were compiled to determine possible impacts.

Ecological Assessments, Freeport, GrandBahama Island In May of 1995, Allied Signal, Inc.(then Syntex Pharmaceutical Company) contractedADVENT and V.I. Marine Advisors, Inc. (VIMA) todocument the physical, biological, and chemicalcharacter of the insular shelf near an outfall west ofFreeport, Grand Bahama Island. This initial surveycreated a baseline assessment in anticipation of ajoint discharge with a neighboring Uniroyal facility.Four radial transects near the Allied Signal/Uniroyaldiffuser and a single control transect 300m to the eastthat were established in 1995 were re-surveyed in1997, 1998, and 1999 as part of a continued long-term ecological monitoring program. All gorgonians,sponges and corals larger than 2 centimeters werecounted in 220 individual square meter quadratsalong the transects. In addition, in-situ water-quality

measurements and sediment samples were takennear the diffuser and at the control site. Statisticalcomparisons of the numbers of organisms wereconducted for the various years of the study.

Diffuser Effluent Dispersion Studies - Decatur, AL(2); Nitro, WV ADVENT conducted evaluations ofthe dispersion of effluents in the Tennessee andKanawah Rivers to determine the allowable mixingzone and diffuser conditions for achieving toxicity andother water quality-based discharge limits. Theevaluations involved field data collection (e.g.,Hydrolab and Price AA current meter) for measuringflow, channel depth, conductivity, density,temperature, and pH for determining plume buoyancyand other modeling parameters. Water sampleswere also collected for laboratory analyses to verifyin-field measurements. Computer modeling anddispersion assessments were performed usingUDKHDEN and CORMIX2 models to obtain a rangeof dispersion estimates. Final reports were submittedto and approved by the respective regulatoryagencies.

Electroschocking, Gill Netting of Rough Fish -Warrick, IN Rough fish were removed from ashponds to reduce sediment agitation andresuspension. Effluent Total Suspended Solids(TSS) levels were elevated due to agitation by densepopulations of rough fish. Fish removal was achievedvia intense electroshocking and gill netting.

Field Derived Bioaccumulation Factor - INADVENT personnel worked with Great LakesEnvironmental Center laboratory personnel todevelop a field-derived Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF)for benzo(a)pyrene (BAP). The project objective wasto re-derive the Human Health Criteria for BAP usingBAP data for fish, water, and sediment samplescollected from the Grand Calumet River, Indiana.ADVENT field personnel duties included coordinationof job logistics and safety with client staff, assistancein collection of fishes, sediments, and water, and fieldpreparation of the samples for shipping andlaboratory analysis.

Fish Tissue PCB and DDT Assessments,Tullahoma, TN ADVENT conducted water qualitysurveys, habitat assessments, and fish collections todetermine PCB and DDT concentrations in edibleportions fish from three trophic levels. Gill netting andelectroshocking (day and night) were used to obtainthe necessary specimens. Samples of edible tissuesfrom two “top carnivores” and “bottom-dwelling”species were prepared following USEPA methods forpesticide and PCB assessments.

11

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Macroinvertebrate Biocriteria Derivation Ongoingstudies are assessing the role of habitat and samplecollection method on various macroinvertebratecommunity metrics. Biological Integrity and BiologicalDiversity performance goals will be negotiated for thesite. Biological metrics will be used in support ofecological risk assessments and reclamationmonitoring.

Macroinvertebrate and Water Quality Assessment- Crossett, AR Macroinvertebrate collection, waterquality monitoring, and habitat assessments wereconducted over a 90-days to determine the effects ofa pulp and paper mill effluent on water quality andbiological conditions in the Ouachita River. Variousfield meters were used to assess routine water qualityparameters and artificial substrates were used tosample macrobenthos.

Macroinvertebrate and Habitat Assessment -Sauget, IL An aquatic habitat and macroinvertebrateassessment of the Mississippi River was conducted insupport obtaining a multiport diffuser for a largewastewater treatment facility in Sauget, Illinois.Sediment collection and characterization andmacrobenthos sampling and classification wereperformed. The diffuser was subsequently installed.

Macroinvertebrate and Fish AssessmentsADVENT has conducted other benthicmacroinvertebrate and fish assessments for clients inTennessee, Indiana, and Illinois in support of NPDESpermit requirements and studies to evaluate potentialin-stream impacts of chemicals and biological agentssuch as fish pathogenes. These studies have beenboth qualitative and quantitative in nature.

Sediment Sampling and Analyses - Texarkana, TXSediment sampling and analyses were conducted ata wood preserving facility in Texas to determine ifconstituents from the facility's hazardous waste sitewere entering nearby creeks. Creosote and otherpolyaromatics, as well as pentachlorophenol, wereassociated with the site. A sediment sampling planwas developed and implemented under guidelines setforth by USEPA Region VI and the Texas WaterCommission.

Wetlands Delineation, MS Wetlands delineationservices were provided for a developer for a propertybeing considered for a golf course and hotel complex.A two-day field effort was necessary, and a report andwetlands map prepared for the client.

Wetlands Determinations Wetlands determinationswere made as part of 10 Environmental Assessmentsconducted for the US Army Corps of Engineers at

Fort Campbell, Kentucky. At a minimum,determinations consisted of site evaluations andreview of US Fish and Wildlife Service wetlandsmaps. An in-depth field evaluation was conducted forone site with marginal wetlands characteristics. ACorps of Engineers wetlands specialist provided fieldconfirmation of ADVENT’s work and findings.

The ADVENT Integral System

“the most innovative concept in biological treatment in 50 years” _____________________________________________ 1

OVERVIEW

Historically, the activated sludge process has beenconfigured in many different flow schemes. In practicallyall cases, the basic process has consisted of an aerationtank followed by an external secondary clarifier toseparate the treated wastewater from the sludge andrecirculate the sludge back to the aeration tank fortreatment of new influent wastewater. A schematic of theconventional process is shown in Figure 1. The majorelements of the conventional system include the aerationtank, the secondary clarifier, and sludge recycle pumps.

FIGURE 1. CONVENTIONAL ACTIVATED SLUDGE SYSTEM

Influent Wastewater

SLUDGE RETURN PUMPS

Return Activated Sludge

Treated Effluent

CENTRAL MOTOR/GEAR

DRIVE MECHANISM

SECONDARYCLARIFIER

STRUCTURALSHELL

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AEROBIC BASIN

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SLUDGESCRAPPERMECHANISM

The ADVENT Integral System (AIS) combines theaeration basin and secondary clarifier to provide a singlesystem with “no moving parts.” The AIS is presented inFigure 2.

FIGURE 2. ADVENT INTEGRAL ACTIVATEDSLUDGE SYSTEM

The AIS differs from other integral clarifier systems byusing economical airlift pumping to transfer the aerationtank contents to the center-well of the clarifier to impartthe concept of “induced sludge velocity.” The AIS hasproven performance equal to or superior to conventionalclarifiers with substantially less capital and operationalcosts.

CONVENTIONAL SYSTEMS

The conventional activated sludge system (Figure 1)utilizes an external circular, secondary clarifier, whichmust serve four major functions:

1. Provide adequate surface area and quiescent settlingconditions, both horizontally and vertically, within theclarifier to allow vertical, gravity separation of thebiomass from the treated effluent wastewater.

2. Provide sufficient residence time and bottom surfacearea to allow the settling sludge to thicken adequatelyso that return recycle flow rates are sufficiently low toprevent unnecessary underflow current turbulence inthe clarifier.

3. Provide a reliable method of sludge withdrawal thatwill minimize short-circuiting of diluted sludge andencourage withdrawal of concentrated biomass.

4. Allow rapid withdrawal of sludge to minimize anoxic orseptic conditions, which may result in undesirabledenitrification within the clarifier or odors in the sludgehandling area.

Conventional clarifiers have three major considerationsinfluencing the design, operation, and cost of eachsystem:

• Operational Complexity: Conventional clarifiers areoperated to thicken and provide a reliable method ofsludge withdrawal for successful operation.

• Capital Cost Considerations: Conventional clarifiersrequire on-line return sludge pumps, internalmechanical sludge collection/removal mechanisms,and structural design to contain water depths of upto 3-5 meters.

• Operational and Maintenance Considerations:Return pumps and the internal sludge scrapingmechanism are high-energy consumers and requireconsiderable maintenance.

AIS CONCEPT

The AIS is a successful integration of the aeration tankand secondary clarifier with ”no moving parts.” It providesoperator-controlled, center-well induced, downward flow ofreturn sludge directly back to the aeration tank whileproducing a highly clarified effluent. The induceddownward velocity on the sludge, as it enters the clarifier,results in substantially higher removals of fine TSS andfoam than a conventional clarifier.



The “no moving parts” system offers substantial capitaland operational cost savings and permits greater flexibilityin design and operation of the entire activated sludgesystem. The AIS was developed only after thorough large-scale studies in a specially designed aeration test tank.During these original tests, the concept of “bottom sweep”sludge blanket withdrawal and downward sludge velocitywere demonstrated.

Advantages Over Conventional Systems

• The AIS is the simplest operating activatedsludge system. Without the requirement for sludgethickening, the AIS basically operates itself. Theoperator simply controls the MLVSS to desired levelsby periodic sludge wasting.

• The AIS is the most economical from both capitaland operational costs. “No moving parts” is thebasic concept of the AIS. The clarifier is only a shell,not a stand-alone structural unit. The return sludgepumps and sludge scraper mechanism areeliminated.

• The AIS occupies the smallest footprint of anyactivated sludge system. By integrating the clarifierand varying the aeration tank depth, the requiredactivated sludge footprint is only the plan area of theaeration tank.

• The AIS Offers the most economical approach tofuture off-gas control. Since the integral clarifiersubstantially reduces the aeration tank surface area,off-gas containment, if required, is considerablysimplified.

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

The AIS is successful due to the intricate design of thesludge withdrawal regime. In order for the AIS to performas explained above, the induced sludge settling velocityand the withdrawal velocity and dispersion mechanismsmust be accomplished within design limits.

The surface area of the clarifier is designed conventionallyon upflow velocity, i.e., based on hydraulic overflow rate inm/hr or gpd/sq ft. and effluent flow. However, due to thecontrolled, induced velocity in the clarifier throat, theconventional surface area is only needed for fine TSSseparation. The bulk of the activated sludge is literallypumped back in the aeration tank by the downward,induced velocity. Even poor-settling, filamentous sludgesare carried back into the aeration tank without relying ongravity separation. The relationship between the integralclarifier volume and the total aeration tank volume mustbe considered. The aeration tank volume must beincreased to accommodate the clarifier, resulting in a

slightly larger tank than required simply for the biologicaltreatment of the wastewater. A system with a low food tomass (F/M) loading and a rapidly settling sludge will resultin a minimum ratio of clarifier to aeration tank volumes.

AIS CONFIGURATION

The AIS offers multiple design configurations, dependingon the site land availability and the ratio of aeration tankvolume to required clarifier surface area. The three mostcommon design configurations are presented in Figure 3.

FIGURE 3. CLARIFIER TYPES

Rectangular

Circular

Peripheral

Pyramidal

Circular. The circular configuration is used for deeperaeration tanks with a relatively large clarifier volume (e.g.,high strength wastewaters). This system requires minimalstructural support for the clarifier.

Rectangular. The rectangular clarifier is used formedium-sized systems in order to achieve the requiredsurface area, while maintaining the desired clarifier bottomthroat velocity and bottom sweep.

Peripheral and Pyramidal. The peripheral and pyramidalversions are used for situations where the clarifier isunusually large with respect to the aeration tank (e.g., lowstrength wastewaters).

AIS APPLICATIONS

Due to its simplicity, the AIS has found many variedapplications in addition to removal of carbonaceousorganics, i.e., BOD, COD, etc. These full-scaleapplications include:

• Nitrification-Denitrification• Incorporation of a Selector for Filamentous Organism

Control• Upgrading Existing Aerated Lagoons• Increased Hydraulic Capacity of Existing Activated Sludge

System• Economical Off-Gas Control, where required



Nitrification-Denitrification and Incorporation of aSelector

The conventional activated sludge configuration forcombined nitrification-denitrification is shown in Figure 4.By incorporating the anoxic zone as an integral unit withthe clarifier and aeration (aerobic) tank, the AIS functionsas a single process for combined nitrification-denitrification.

FIGURE 4. CONVENTIONAL TWO-STAGENITRIFICATION/DENITRIFICATION SYSTEM

Influent

Nitrate Recycle

Return Activated Sludge

AnoxicBasin

Aerobic Basin Secondary Clarifier

TreatedEffluent

This integration greatly simplifies operations and avoidsinterstage mechanical pumping. In addition, the capitalcost of the system is much less since the clarifier servesas the dividing wall between the two zones. An identicalanoxic configuration can be used to incorporate a“selector” into the design, thereby, minimizing thepossibility of developing poorer-settling, filamentousorganisms. This application for either selector design ornitrification-denitrification is schematically shown in Figure5.

FIGURE 5. AIS NITRIFICATION/DENITRIFICATIONOR SELECTOR SYSTEM

Upgrading of Existing Aerated Lagoons

The AIS is ideal for upgrading an existing aerated lagoon,equipped with either diffused or surface aerators, to anefficient activated sludge system. The upgrade isaccomplished by installing the clarifier directly within thelagoon, considering the aeration device configuration. Ifsurface aerators are used, an anti-erosion device isrequired to control bottom currents to acceptable ranges.

Increasing the Hydraulic Capacity of ExistingActivated Sludge Systems

Proper placement of integral clarifiers can relievehydraulic overloading of existing conventional clarifiers.The AIS can be installed “wet,” if desired, to increase thehydraulic capacity, while the existing system aeration tankremains in operation. A module of the AIS can simply be“dropped in” the aeration tank. A portion of the flow isclarified in the AIS then mixed with the effluent from theexisting conventional clarifiers.

Economical Off-Gas Control

The AIS configuration allows economical off-gas control,where desired, or if future regulations are anticipated. Theintegration of the integral clarifier reduces the surface areaof the aeration tank to minimize VOC emissions. Thesurface structural supports for the clarifier expediteinstallation and minimize material costs associated with acover for off-gas control.

ECONOMICS

The AIS reduces capital and economical costssignificantly. The capital costs of the integral clarifier areapproximately 70 to 80% less than a conventional clarifier.This results in a total cost reduction of 15 to 25% for theentire activated sludge system depending on the AISconfiguration. These costs do not include additional costsif land availability is limited.

TABLE 1. CONVENTIONAL vs. AIS SECONDARY CLARIFIERCOST COMPARISON

Cost ItemConventional

ClarifierADVENT Integral

System (AIS)Clarifier surface area, m2 309 309Clarifier volume, m3 1,408 779Clarifier depth, m Side water depth Depth at center

4.35.2

N/A7.0

Capital CostsStructural shell $150,000 $60,000Sludge mechanism $ 80,000 ---Sludge return pumps $ 50,000 ---Sludge return piping $ 20,000 $15,000Electrical/Instrumentation $ 15,000 $ 7,000Total Capital Costs $315,000 $82,000Operating CostsClarifier maintenance $ 8,000 $ 1,000Return sludge pumpsMaintenance

$ 11,200 ---

Clarifier mechanism energy $ 1,060 ---Return sludge pumps energy $ 5,300 $ 1,700Clarifier operating labor $ 4,500 $ 1,500 Total Operating Costs $30,060 $ 4,200

The operational costs of the AIS are approximately 75 to95% less than a conventional clarifier. This reduction isprimarily due to no moving parts, less energy required,and practically no manpower affiliated with clarifier

Aerobic ZoneClarification

Anoxic Zone

AerationGrid

InfluentJet Mixing



operation and maintenance. A comparison of the capitaland operating costs for an installed AIS and conventionalactivated sludge system is presented in Table 1 above.The design basis is as a flow of 160 m3/hr and an influentBOD concentration of 1,500 mg/L.

PERFORMANCE

AIS performance has been proven in full-scale operatingexperience. The AIS performs as well or better than aconventional activated sludge system from a clarificationstandpoint. The system is superior to a conventionalsystem based on the capacity to carry higher levels ofsludge in the aeration tank without deleteriousconsequences on the performance of the clarifier. The AISprovides considerable savings in terms of capital andoperating costs. The required surface area for the AIStankage is limited to that required for the aeration tankonly.

INSTALLATIONS

Numerous industrial and municipal AIS installations areinstalled and operating at locations around the world. Thefirst AIS system began operating at a GE Plasticsindustrial plant in Grangemouth, Scotland in 1993. A totalof over 30 additional facilities are currently operation, asshown in the attached tables. The industrial installationsgenerally treat high strength wastewaters and range insize from 30 to 10,000 gallons per minutes, with aerationtank sizes ranging from 0.05 to 5.4 million gallons. Bothorganic removal and nitrification-denitrification systemsare currently in operation.

PACKAGE PLANT APPLICATIONS

More recently, the attractive features of the AIS systemhave been adapted to treatment of domestic sewage, anda package plant concept has been developed. This AISsystem incorporates the patented “no moving parts”Integral Clarifier (with no sludge scraping mechanism) anda subsurface diffused air aeration system, that result in acost-effective, easy to operate system.

This approach allows the complete processing ofcarbonaceous organics, nitrogen compounds, andphosphorus in a single, field-erected package unit.Sludge stabilization and storage is also provided. TheADVENT AIS process appreciably reduces landrequirements and capital costs as compared toconventional activated sludge package plants. Thus, itrepresents the ideal solution for small and average sizedcommunities, residential developments, and for sewagetreatment at industrial plants.

The existing package plant installations are all located inFrance, with sizes ranging from about 500 to 1,200population equivalents. Specific references, sizes,effluent quality, and other information are provided in theattached tables.

Phenol Production Plant - Taipei Taiwan

ABS Production Plant - Grangemouth, Scotland

Station d’épuration de Ecquedecques. France

COMPANY INTEGRAL YEARNAME LOCATION PRODUCTS TYPE ON-LINE FLOW FLOW BOD COD TKN BOD COD TKN NO3-N TSS

(gpm) (m3/hr) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L)

1 GE Plastics Grangemouth, Scotland ABS Resins/ Plastics Circular 1993 273 62 800 1,550 N/A 14 180 N/A N/A 502 Nova Chemicals (formerly Huntsman) Ribecourt, France Expanded Polystyrene Circular 1996 88 20 440 1,000 N/A <10 20 N/A N/A <103 Sonoco (formerly Aristech) Haverhill, Ohio Phenois/ BPA/ Aniline Elliptical 1997 380 86 1,800 4,000 N/A 20 110 N/A N/A 404 Olin Chemicals Maracaibo, Venezuela Polyols/ Ethylene Oxide Elliptical 1997 136 31 1,000 2,200 N/A <10 90 N/A N/A 175 GE Plastics Cartagena, Spain Polycarbonates/ BPA Circular 1998 200 45 155 233 N/A <30 <200 N/A N/A <306 GE Silicones Waterford, New York Organic Silicones Peripheral 1998 10,000 2,273 500 800 N/A <10 250 N/A N/A 407 Jeevan Products Baroda, India Textile Dyes Circular 1998 55 13 2,200 6,700 N/A 250* 1500* N/A N/A <808 Vatva Estates Ind. Complex Ahmedabad, India Textile Dyes Peripheral 1998 3,000 682 1,200 3,000 N/A 100** 1800** N/A N/A <1509 U.S. Steel Gary, Indiana Coke Oven Rectangular 1999 850 193 1,500 3,000 3,500 <10 100 <5 600 20-4010 Colourtex (Corachem) Surat, India Dye Plant Peripheral 1999 400 91 1,000 3,000 N/A <100 <500 N/A N/A <10011 Novacid Private Ltd.* Gujarat, India Dispersed Dyes Circular 1999 55 38 500 1,600 N/A <50 <250 N/A N/A <10012 Cadila* Kadi, India Pharmaceuticals Circular 1999 28 6 700 N/A N/A 30 100 N/A N/A <10013 Ramat Hovav Negev Desert, Israel Pesticides/ Fungicides/ Peripheral 2000 1,400 318 661 1,500 N/A 40 100 N/A N/A 30

Industrial Complex Bromine Chemicals14 Formosa Chemicals Mailiao, Taiwan Phenol Plant Circular 2000 550 125 2,660 4,475 N/A <20 <70 N/A N/A <2015 Gupta Textiles Surat, India Textile Circular 2000 300 68 200 500 N/A 25 90 N/A N/A <10016 Masisa Concordai, Argentina Fiberboard Rectangular 2000 110 25 1,900 4,900 500 50 N/A N/A N/A 5017 Nova Chemicals Ltd. Red Deer, Alberta, Can. Ethylene/Polyethylene Circular 2000 70 16 321 530 N/A 20 150 N/A N/A 6018 3M Company Decatur, Alabama Chemicals Peripheral 2000 1,500 341 600 1,200 500 30 100 5 100 5019 Solae (formerly Central Soya) Remington, Indiana Soy Processing Circular 2001 60 14 1,200 2,700 225 50 200 20 N/A 10020 EME Power Station Homer City, Pennsylvania Power Plant Circular 2001 190 43 750 1,200 N/A N/A <50 N/A N/A <5021 Unimark Remedies Bawla, India Bulk Drugs Circular 2001 92 21 840 2,240 50 <50 <250 40 N/A <10022 Unimark Remedies Vapi, India Bulk Drugs Circular 2001 37 8 5,000 7,500 1,500 1300* 2000* 1500 N/A <10023 Bhavin Textiles Gujarat, India Textile Rectangular 2001 290 66 400 1,000 N/A <50 <200 N/A N/A <10024 Devarsons Industries, Ltd. Ahmedabad, India Dye/ Pigments Circular 2001 75 17 2,600 6,500 N/A 100* 600* N/A N/A <10025 Cadila Dholka India Pharmaceuticals Peripheral 2001 73 17 200 N/A N/A 25 80 N/A N/A <10026 Indian Petroleum Corp. Ltd. Baroda, India Petrochemicals Circular 2001 66 15 2,900 11,000 N/A 300* 3,000* N/A N/A 8027 COSIPA Cubato, Brasil Coke Oven Rectangular 2002 440 100 2,000 3,000 160 <10 <300 <10 <20 <5028 GTN Textiles Hyderabad,India Textile Circular 2003 181 42 240 600 N/A29 Orchid Healthcare Chennai,India Pharmaceuticals Circular 2003 16 3.6 500 1,000 N/A --- --- --- --- ---30 Asian Paints, Ltd Mumbai,India Paints Circular 2003 27.2 6.25 667 1,667 N/A31 Eastman Chemical Company Franklin, Virginia Chemicals Circular 2003 100 23 2,500 6,000 N/A --- --- --- --- ---32 Hunt Southland Refining Sandersville, Mississippi Refinery Circular 2004 125 28 100 300 5 25 --- 400 --- 5033 Hunt Southland Refining Lumberton, Mississippi Refinery Circular 2004 125 28 100 300 20 20 --- 284 --- 500

UNDER DESIGN OR CONSTRUCTION34 PDI (Colourtex #2) Sachin, India Textile/Dye Rectangular 2004 870 200 1,500 4,000 N/A --- --- --- --- ---35 Hindustan Gum & Chemical Ahmedabad, India Guar Gum Square 2004 18 4 1,200 N/A N/A --- --- --- --- ---36 Unimark Remedies, Balva II Baroda, India Bulk Drugs Square 2004 92 21 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---37 ExxonMobil Chalmette, Louisiana Petroleum Pyramidal 2005 5,300 1,205 300 600 28 --- --- --- --- ---38 Marathon Ashland Petroleum Garyville, Louisiana Petroleum Pyramidal 2005 900 205 275 550 45 --- --- --- --- ---

*Effluent goes to CETP for further treatment.**Effluent mixes with treated municipal sewage prior to discharge.

INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS SUMMARY OF INTEGRAL ACTIVATED SLUDGE SYSTEMS AND PERFORMANCE

EFFLUENTINFLUENT

M:\AISMKT\advent ais summary.xls\INDUSTRIAL REFERENCES 11/16/2004

COMPANY LOCATION YEAR INTEGRAL CAPACITY PEAK

NAME TYPE IN PE FLOW COD BOD5 TSS TKN Total P COD BOD5 TSS Total N TKN NO3-N Total P

(cu m/hr) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L)

CURRENTLY OPERATING

1 ECQUEDECQUES Ecquedecques, France 1999 Rectangular 450 9 900 to 2,100 400 to 900 500 to 1,000 80 to 110 20 to 30 60 to 80 5 to 10 15 to 20 < 15 NA NA NA

2 LANDIVY Landivy, France 1999 Rectangular 1,050 33 600 to 1,100 400 to 600 600 to 800 100 to 120 20 to 30 30 to 70 5 to 10 5 to 15 7 to 10 NA NA <2

3 MAZIERES EN GATINE Mazière en Gatine, France 1999 Rectangular 1,150 25 800 400 600 100 30 125 25 35 20 NA NA <2

4 RETTEL Rettel, France 1999 Rectangular 1,050 25 800 400 600 100 30 125 25 35 20 NA NA NA

5 POIX TERRON Poix Terron, France 2001 Rectangular 800 22 800 400 600 100 30 125 25 35 20 NA NA NA

UNDER DESIGN/CONSTRUCTION

6 DOMPIERRE SUR HELPE Dompierre sur Helpe, France 2002 Rectangular 900 17 800 400 600 100 30 125 25 35 20 NA NA NA

SUMMARY OF INTEGRAL ACTIVATED SLUDGE SYSTEMS AND PERFORMANCEURBAN WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS

Design values

INFLUENT EFFLUENT

Guaranties

M:\AISMKT\advent ais summary.xls\URBAN REFERENCES 2/26/03

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