community test pitting, stoke-by-naylandsuffolkarchaeology.co.uk/expanse/uploads...plate 22. soil...

Community Test Pitting, Stoke-by-Nayland SBN 096

Archaeological Test Pit Report

SCCAS Report No. 2013/011

Client: The Stour Valley Landscape Partnership Author: Rob Brooks

May 2013

© Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service

Community Test Pitting, Stoke-by-Nayland SBN 096

Archaeological Excavation Report

SCCAS Report No. 2013/011

Author: Rob Brooks

Contributions By: Richenda Goffin and Andy Fawcett

Illustrator: Rob Brooks

Editor: Richenda Goffin

Report Date: May 2013

HER Information

Site Code: SBN 096 Site Name: Community Test Pitting Report Number 2013/011 Planning Application No: N/A Date of Fieldwork: 27th and 28th October, 2012 Grid Reference: TL 9860 3636 TL 9922 3576

Oasis Reference: suffolkc1-141653 Project Officer: Jo Caruth Client/Funding Body: The Stour Valley Landscape partnership –

Managing a Masterpiece/Heritage Lottery Funding Client Reference: N/A Digital report submitted to Archaeological Data Service:

http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/library/greylit

Prepared By: Rob Brooks

Date: 09/07/2013

Approved By: Joanna Caruth

Position: Senior Project Officer

Date: 12/07/2013

Signed:

http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/library/greylit

Contents

Summary

Drawing Conventions

1. Introduction 1

2. Geology and topography 1

3. Archaeology and historical background 4

4. Methodology 11

5. Results and finds evidence 13

5.1 Introduction 13

5.2 The pottery 13

5.3 Test Pit results 14

6. Discussion 36

7. Conclusions 39

8. Archive deposition 40

9. Acknowledgements 40

10. Bibliography 41

11. Plates 42

List of Figures

Figure 1. General locations of test pitting (red) and HER entries (green 2 Figure 2. Test pit locations in the village (test pits not to scale) 3 Figure 3. Test pit locations in Tendring Hall Park (test pits not to scale) 3 Suffolk Records Office reference T113/1 5 Figure 4. Extract from Hodskinson’s 1783 map, with village marked as ‘Stoke’ 6 Figure 5. 1838 Tithe map of the village 7 Figure 6. 1838 Tithe map of Tendring Hall, with its park and gardens 8 Figure 7. 1904 Ordnance Survey map of the village with approximate test pit locations 9 Figure 8. 1904 Ordnance Survey map of the Hall with approximate test pit locations 10 Figure 9. Test Pit 1 location 18 Figure 10. Test Pit 2 location 18 Figure 11. Test Pit 5 location 19 Figure 12. Test Pit 7 location 19 Figure 13. Test Pit 9 location 22 Figure 14. Test Pits 10 and 14 locations 22

Figure 15. Test Pit 11 location 26 Figure 16. Test Pit 15 location 26 Figure 17. Test Pit 16 location 29 Figure 18. Test Pits 17 and 19 locations 29 Figure 19. Test Pits 18 and 20 locations 30 Figure 20. Pottery, CBM and worked flint distribution plan 32 Figure 21. Prehistoric and Roman pottery, CBM and worked flint distribution plan 33 Figure 22. Medieval pottery and CBM distribution plan 34 Figure 23. Post-medieval pottery and CBM distribution plan, showing average fragments per spit 35 59

List of Tables

Table 1. Apportionment listings (1838) 5 Table 2. Pottery quantities 14

List of Plates

Plate 1. SCCAS staff patrol the village! 42 Plate 2. View across the allotments and TP19. 43 Plate 3. Digging TP 19. 43 Plate 4. Digging TP10. 44 Plate 5. The first excavated spit in TP 7. 44 Plate 6. TP14 on the edge of the Recreation Ground. 45 Plate 7. TP 15 by the tennis courts. 45 Plate 8. TP 7. 46 Plate 9. Dedicated workers in the rain in TP 15. 47 Plate 10. TP 8. 47 Plate 11. TP 7. 48 Plate 12. Carefully sieved spoil heaps from TP 2. 48 Plate 13. Sieving at TP 19. 49 Plate 14. TP 16. 49 Plate 15. The top spit in TP1 and a selection of finds, note the Roman pottery in the centre! 50 Plate 16. TP 5, someone's enjoying the rain! 50 Plate 17. Well found in TP 11. 51 Plate 18. SCCAS staff, lots of them, supervise sieving in TP8! 51 Plate 19. Digging TP 2. 52 Plate 20. A monitoring visit at TP 10. 52 Plate 21. TP 16 being started in the rain. 53 Plate 22. Soil profile in TP2. 53 Plate 23. Recording TP 20. 54 Plate 24. Digging TP 16. 54 Plate 25. A barrowful of stones from the sieving is backfilled into the base of TP 5 55 Plate 26. TP 9 in one of the rare moments of sunshine! 56 Plate 27. TP 16 attracting attention! 56 Plate 28. TP18 uncovered the former drive to Tendring Hall. 57 Plate 29. Lots of pottery and tile finds were made the soil layers in TP 8. 58 Plate 30. All that remains of Tendring Hall. Setting out for TP 18. 58 Plate 31. SCCAS staff get stuck in in TP 19. 59 Plate 32. Discussing pottery 60

Plate 33. Gathering before the start 60 Plate 34. Pre-start briefing 61 Plate 35. Pre-start briefing 61 Plate 36. Gathering before the start 62 Plate 37. Gathering before the start 62 Plate 38. Discussing strategy 63 Plate 39. The finds start coming in 63 Plate 40. Finds brought to the Hall 64 Plate 41. Some of the finds from TP 8 64 Plate 42. Trays of finds in the Hall 65 Plate 42. End of weekend summing up. 66 Plate 43. Sample of pottery finds 67

List of Appendices

Appendix 1. HER listings

Appendix 2. Listed buildings

Appendix 3. Listed buildings at Grade I and Grade II*

Appendix 4. Context list Appendix 5. OASIS form

Appendix 6. Pottery catalogue

Appendix 7. Bulk finds catalogue

Appendix 8. Post-medieval pottery and CBM levels

Summary A community test pitting event took place at Stoke-by-Nayland in Suffolk, over the 27th

and 28th October, 2012. This was run by Suffolk County Council Archaeology Service

and The Stour Valley Landscape Partnership as part of the Managing a Masterpiece

scheme. The test pitting revealed a small number of prehistoric and Roman finds -

pottery, worked flints and Ceramic Building Material (CBM). The prehistoric material

indicates a low level of background activity, with the Roman CBM as well as that

recorded in the church and a local house suggesting the presence of a nearby Roman

building. There were gradually increasing levels of finds from the 12th century onwards

with a peak of artefactual material from the post-medieval period, mainly consisting of

pottery and CBM. The medieval and post-medieval finds, as well as the map evidence

and surviving buildings may show shifts in the focus of occupation from the north-west

to the south-east of the village. They also indicate typical domestic occupation

throughout these periods, as well as agriculture, medieval businesses organised from

the guildhall, and industry in the form of medieval malting and post-medieval smithing.

Plans

S.14

Limit of Excavation

Features

Break of Slope

Features - Conjectured

Natural Features

Sondages/Machine Strip

Intrusion/Truncation

Illustrated Section

Limit of Excavation

Cut

Cut - Conjectured

Deposit Horizon

Deposit Horizon - Conjectured

Intrusion/Truncation

Top Surface

Top of Natural

Break in Section

Sections

18.45m OD

0007

0008

0008

Cut Number

Cut Number

Deposit Number

Ordnance Datum

Archaeological Features

Modern Cut

Drawing Conventions

1. Introduction

A community test pitting exercise was carried out in Stoke-by-Nayland and Tendring

Hall Park (to the south of the village), in Suffolk on the 27th and 28th October, 2012. A

total of fifteen test pits were dug by volunteers from the community and local

educational institutions, overseen by professional archaeologists. The project was run

by Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service on behalf of and in conjunction with

The Stour Valley Landscape Partnership as part of their Managing a Masterpiece

project. This project is funded by a grant from the Heritage Lottery Fund, and focuses

on aspects of wildlife, landscape, archaeology, art, recreation, conservation of built and

natural features, and transport.

2. Geology and topography

The village lies on a high point within the local landscape, being almost entirely located

on a plateau within the 55m contour, with ground levels dropping to the River Box to the

north-east, and a drainage basin leading to the River Stour to the south and south-west.

Tendring Hall Park lies to the south-east of the village, where the topography slopes

down to the south-west from the 50m contour to the 15m contour. The Hall itself was

originally terraced into this slope before its demolition.

The recorded superficial geology for the village consists of Kesgrave Formation and

Lowestoft Formation sand and gravel, overlying a bedrock formation of Red Crag

Formation sand (BGS, 2013).

1

Norfolk

SUFFOLK

25km0

Essex

0 0.5 1km

598500

SBN 060

Scotla

nd Stre

et

Park Road

TendringHall Park

Fig. 3 border

SBN095 SBN

064

SBN 069

SBN Misc

Church Street

Stoke-by-Nayland

598750

599000

599250

SBN 081

Sudbury Road

Fig. 2 border

SBN 062

0 150 300m

School St reet

SBN Misc

236500

236250

236000

235750

N

TL ©Crown Copyright. All Rights Reserved. Suffolk County Council Licence No. 100023395 2013

Figure 1. General locations of test pitting (red) and HER entries (green

2

3

TP.20

TP.18

Former position of Tendring Hall

0 25 50m

235700

235750

235800

599150

599200

599250

599300

TP.10

Church Street

Polstead Street

TP.11

TP.9

TP.14

TP.8

TP.7

St Mary's Church

Tenniscourts

School Street

TP.15

TP.17

100m

Guildhall

Primaryschool

Sudbury Road

TP.1

TP.2

TP.5

TP.16

Allotments

TP.19

0 50

598400

236400

236300

236200

598500

598600

598700

598800

236500

N

Crown Copyright. All Rights Reserved. Suffolk County Council Licence No. 100023395 2013TL

Figure 2. Test Pit locations in the village (test pits not to scale)

N

Crown Copyright. All Rights Reserved. Suffolk County Council Licence No. 100023395 2013TL

Figure 3. Test Pit locations in Tendring Hall Park (test pits not to scale)

3. Archaeology and historical background

A Landscape Character Study of the Stour Valley was carried out by The Stour Valley

Landscape Partnership, which details the historical, archaeological and natural

characteristics of the area. A brief summary of this is now given, detailing the historical

and archaeological background to both the village of Stoke-by-Nayland and Tendring

Hall areas in which this phase of test pitting took place. A list of Historic Environment

Record (HER) entries for the Stoke-by-Nayland parish and some other nearby areas is

also included as Appendix 1.

The village of Stoke-by-Nayland is known to have Saxon origins, with a reference in the

will of Ealdorman Ælfgar of Essex to the church in 950, then by his daughter in 1000-2

(HER listing SBN 062, Fig. 1). The Ealdorman family bequeathed gifts to the church to

set up a major monastery, but most of these assets appear to have ended up instead

going towards the growth of the Abbey at Bury St Edmunds. Nonetheless, the village

formed with the substantial church as one of its key focal points. Much of the tile and

brick used within the construction of the church is reused Roman material, indicating

that a substantial Roman building or buildings were present locally.

Several listings from the HER are present close to the settlement, including undated

cropmarks and a trackway just north of the village (SBN 081), with further undated field

systems to the east (SBN 060). Within the village a post-medieval ‘witch bottle’ was

discovered opposite the Angel Inn (SBN Misc), whilst 210m south of the church a

Roman lamp was found (SBN Misc).

Tendring Hall, and its associated park and gardens, is located immediately south-east

of the village (SBN 064 and 069). The original hall was built in the 1630s, or possibly as

early as the 1560s, however in the 18th century Sir John Soane was employed as the

architect for a new hall for the Rowley family, which he located on a new site where

today only the listed portico still exists. By 1811 the hall had been substantially

enlarged. During WWII the hall was brought into use for troops and prisoners of war, but

was finally demolished in 1955 (Lever, 2009). The park consists of a formal 18th-

century landscape including a canal and an oak grove.

4

A search of the National Heritage List records 192 listed properties in Stoke-by-

Nayland. The majority of these are Grade II listings for medieval and post-medieval

houses and other buildings. However, four structures are rated as Grade II* with the

church as Grade I, with further details given in Appendices 2 and 3.

The 1783 Hodskinson’s map does not show a great deal of detail for Tendring Estate or

Stoke-by-Nayland, although the focus of the settlement seems to be located on the

eastern side of the village. The area that is now Polstead Road has been highlighted,

suggesting that it had become the main route (Suffolk Records Office reference T113/2,

Fig. 4). The 1838 Tithe map for both the village and the estate show that the form of the

village was similar to that which exists today, and it is apparent that the Rowley family

held a large amount of local land, going well beyond the extent of the park and gardens

(Figs. 5-6). The apportionments for the Tithe map are listed in Table 1 and indicate the

presence of shops, hemp growing (presumably for textiles), other agricultural fields and

also a local malting industry. The early Ordnance Survey maps of the village show a

very similar layout to that seen today, whilst the map of the Tendring Estate shows the

hall layout prior to its demolition (Figs. 7 and 8).

Plot Description Occupier Land owner

16 Malting Field Iver Golding Sir Joshua Rowley 19 Garden Dickens and others Sir Joshua Rowley 20 Garden William Cowley Sir Joshua Rowley 25 House and yard Samuel Beneworth Sir Joshua Rowley 26 Cottage and gardens William Frost Lucy Cook 28 House and gardens Rev C.M Torlesse Sir Joshua Rowley 29 House and shop herself Elizabeth Mortimer 30 House and shop William Pillock Bailey Pillock 32 Cottage and shop Cook and others Samuel Mortimer 35 House and gardens Palmer and others Sir Joshua Rowley 38 Beerhouse Thomas Crookes Joseph Pensow 40 Hemp land John Mortimer Martha Mortimer 42 Cottage and gardens Vince Lothers Charles Martin ??? 43 Cottage and gardens King and Hughes Thomas Beeton 44 Cottage and gardens Hughes and others William Chisnell 48 Cottage and shop Holmes and others Martha Mortimer

536 Malting meadow William Durham Sir Joshua Rowley 537 Malting office and cottage William Durham Sir Joshua Rowley 650 Pasture Iver Golding Sir Joshua Rowley 647 Cross field Iver Golding Sir Joshua Rowley

Table 1. Apportionment listings (1838)

Suffolk Records Office reference T113/1

5

N

Figure 4. Extract from Hodskinson’s 1783 map, with the village marked as ‘Stoke’

6

N

Figure 5. 1838 Tithe map of the village

7

N

Fi

gure

6. 1

838

Tith

e m

ap o

f Ten

drin

g H

all,

with

its

park

and

gar

dens

8

Fi

gure

7. 1

904

Ord

nanc

e S

urve

y m

ap o

f the

villa

ge w

ith a

ppro

xim

ate

test

pit

loca

tions

(red

)

9

Fi

gure

8. 1

904

Ord

nanc

e S

urve

y m

ap o

f the

hal

l with

app

roxi

mat

e te

st p

it lo

catio

ns (r

ed)

10

4. Methodology

Prior to the weekend of excavation, the volunteers were issued with a booklet

describing what was needed in order to complete the test pits regarding the excavation

methodology, time and basic equipment requirements. On the day, any further

equipment, including recording booklets and tools were issued and an introductory talk

was given. The volunteers were instructed on health and safety methodologies, such as

excavation in relation to cables or services. A qualified first aider from SCCAS was also

available on both days of the exercise. Out of the twenty test pits that were to be dug,

five were abandoned without being started. An outreach programme at the primary

school excavated a further two test pits under the supervision of Duncan Allan

(SCCAS/FT).

The test pits were all excavated by hand, having been first measured to 1m x 1m and

pre-assigned with an individual number. These pits were then plotted onto sketch plans

using known OS points. Prior to excavation digital photographs were taken of the top of

the test pit, and a 1:10 plan was made with a written description of any pertinent

features on pro forma record sheets. At this point the first 0.1m of each test pit was dug

and sieved through a 1cm mesh. The finds for that spit were then washed and listed on

the record sheet, as was the context description. Each spit was numbered from a single

continuous numbering system, with 0001 being the top spit (0-0.1m deep), 0002 being

the next spit (0.1-0.2m) and so on. At the beginning of each new spit further 1:10 plans

and descriptions were made, with a new photograph being taken. Finds were separated

by spit and assigned their relative context number. During the recording process

members of SCCAS circulated throughout the village, checking that the excavations

were being carried out successfully and safely, and that the recording methodology was

being followed. However, the poor weather conditions made recording extremely difficult

in some cases. At the end of each day finds were returned to the village hall and

collected. The target depth for each trench was 0.6m below ground level, in order to

obtain a reasonable sample of material, whilst attempting to make the work as practical

and safe as possible. At the end of the excavation of each test pit, sections were drawn

at 1:10 of each test pit, although due to time constraints and the inclement weather, this

was not always possible.

11

Site data has been input onto an MS Access database and recorded using the County

HER code SBN 096. Each spit was issued a unique context number relevant to the test

pit and spit, e.g. 0205 represents Test Pit 2, spit 5. The primary school test pits and two

unstratified contexts were assigned numbers beginning with 9101, 9201 and 9301

(Appendix 4). An OASIS form has been completed for the project (reference no.

suffolkc1-141653, Appendix 5) and a digital copy of the report submitted for inclusion on

the Archaeology Data Service database (http://ads.ahds.ac. uk/catalogue/library/greylit).

The site archive is kept in the main store of Suffolk County Council Archaeological

Service at Bury St Edmunds under HER code SBN 096.

SCCAS would like to acknowledge and give thanks to Access Cambridge Archaeology

and Carenza Lewis (University of Cambridge), for providing the recording booklets used

during the exercise, as well as for giving advice on how to run the event.

12

5. Results and finds evidence

5.1 Introduction

The following results describe the contexts recorded in each trench, as well as any

pottery and ceramic building material (CBM) recovered and a brief interpretation from

the author. The presence of worked flint and animal bone is also summarised. Full soil

descriptions as recorded on site are included in Appendix 4, whilst a pottery catalogue

and bulk finds catalogue are included as Appendices 6 and 7 respectively. Most of the

CBM, with the exception of two Roman pieces (TPs 16 and 19) and five medieval

pieces (TP16 and the Primary School Test PitsTPs 1 and 2), was all identified as being

later medieval or post-medieval. The distribution patterns for the CBM, pottery and

worked flint have been included as Figures 17, 18 and 19. Other finds from the test pits

were almost entirely post-medieval, including bottle glass, window glass, clay tobacco

pipes and iron nails, although prehistoric worked flint was also recovered from eight test

pits. A number of other iron objects were not identifiable.

5.2 The pottery

Richenda Goffin

Introduction

A total of 739 sherds of pottery was recovered from twelve test pits, with another 37

sherds from two test pits within the primary school grounds (abbreviated as PSTP1 and

2). Five unstratified sherds are also present. The pottery was counted and scanned for

fabric and form type, and an overall date range for each fabric was established.

The pottery was catalogued by test pit and context using letter codes based on fabric

and form and inputted onto a spreadsheet (Appendix 6). The codes used are based

mainly on broad fabric and form types identified in Eighteen centuries of pottery from

Norwich (Jennings 1981), and additional fabric types established by the Suffolk Unit (S

Anderson, unpublished fabric list).

13

A breakdown of quantities of pottery from each test pit is shown below:

Test Pit Total number of sherds 1 8 2 167 5 31 7 19 8 185 9 1 10 79 11 124 14 40 15 7 16 11 19 67 PSTP 1 17 PSTP 2 20 Unstratified 5 Total 781

Table 2. Pottery quantities

Most of the pottery recovered dates to the post-medieval period. However there is a

small abraded sherd of flint-tempered ware in Test Pit 16, context 2 which has an

overall prehistoric date. Two fragments of Roman date were also identified. Twelve

sherds of medieval date were also present in four of the test pits and three were found

in two unstratified contexts.

5.3 Test Pit results

Pottery analysis by Richenda Goffin and CBM identification by Andy Fawcett

Test Pit 1 – Merchant’s House

Test Pit 1 was located within the garden of a modern house (Fig. 9). A building is shown

in the north-west corner of the plot on the 1886, 1904 and 1926 Ordnance Survey

maps, with fields immediately to the north. The site was reported by the current owners

to have been a haulage yard from the 1930s to 2000, when it was redeveloped to build

the existing house.

Two spits were dug within this sondage to a depth of 0.2m below ground level (BGL),

only recording topsoil. The pit was then abandoned due to the quantities of modern

material present within contexts 0101 and 0102 (Appendix 4).

14

Eight small fragments of pottery were recovered from the pit. A fragment of a hard

wheelthrown buffware was present, which may date to the Roman period. The other

sherds are all late post-medieval wares and consist of Staffordshire Salt-glazed

stoneware dating to the 18th century and fragments of plain white refined white

earthenwares dating to the 19th century.

Thirty fragments of CBM were recovered from the test pit, consisting mainly of post-

medieval material, as well as a small number of possible late medieval pieces. One

piece of worked flint, another of burnt flint and a fragment of animal bone were also

found in this pit.

Test Pit 2 – Well House

Test Pit 2 was located within the garden of Well House, a Grade II listed 14th century

timber-framed house with later additions (Fig. 10). The early Ordnance Survey maps for

the site show it with much the same layout as today, with the eponymous well adjoining

the western side of the house and farmland to the north and west of the property.

In total seven spits were excavated within this test pit (Appendix 4 - 0201-0207), with

the first three (0-0.3m BGL) interpreted as light to dark brown topsoil. The remaining

spits (0.3-0.7m BGL) were interpreted as a mixture of buried topsoil/garden soil, mixed

with subsoil through post-medieval and modern activity, as well as root action.

167 fragments of pottery were collected from this test pit, of wide ranging date.

The earliest sherd is a fragment of a Roman colour coated ware dating from the 2nd-4th

century AD. The fabric is fine and buff in colour, and it is possible that the sherd is an

imported ware, perhaps from Central Gaul (Andy Fawcett, pers. comm.). If so this is a

very unusual find for a Suffolk assemblage.

Five fragments of medieval coarseware dating to L12th-14th century were identified in

five different contexts from Test Pit 2. One sherd is from a neckless jar of the type found

in assemblages in Colchester (Cotter 96, fig 16). A large, relatively unabraded sherd of

the same date was present in context 6. Other small fragments of post-medieval and

late post-medieval wares were also recovered from this context. Sherds of Glazed red

earthenware (contexts 2, 6 and 7) and Iron Glazed wares (context 7) dating to the 16th-

15

18th century were also present. The majority of the assemblage however consists of

18th-19th century wares such as Nottinghamshire stoneware, Pearlware, Creamware

and Ironstone china with transfer printed decoration. Forms present include dishes,

flowerpots and a chamberpot rim.

In total, 440 fragments of post-medieval CBM were recovered from this test pit, which

were all post-medieval or modern. Ten pieces of worked flint, six of burnt flint and

twenty of animal bone were collected from the various spits.

Test Pit 5 – The Croft’s

Test Pit 5 was located within the vegetable garden of Croft’s House (Fig. 11), which is

present on all three of the early edition Ordnance Survey maps and appears to have

changed little in its layout. The maps show that the allotments were already present

beyond the south-west boundary at the end of the garden. A Grade II listed timber-

framed house lies to the north of the property, whilst the Grade II listed primary school is

immediately south of the site.

Seven spits were excavated within this test pit to 0.7m BGL (Appendix 4 - 0501-0507).

The soil profile appeared to be quite disturbed, with the first two spits (0-0.2m BGL)

encountering topsoil, whilst the next four spits (0.2-0.6m) were a mix of orange-brown

and dark brown stony-sandy-clayey soil with some low levels of charcoal flecks. These

spits were interpreted as a mixture of topsoil and disturbed subsoil. The final spit (0.6-

0.7m) was made up of brownish-orange sand with very high quantities of gravel, which

was a mixture of subsoil and the natural geology.

This test pit also contained sherds of a wide ranging date, but the group is far smaller

than in Test Pit 2. A fragment of a medieval coarseware base was found in context 5

dating to the late 12th-14th century. A sherd of the base of a Raeren stoneware drinking

vessel made in the Rhineland and a fragment of a Dutch-type redware dates to the

early part of the post-medieval period, c. 15th-17th C (context 4). Other late post-

medieval wares are also present, including Staffordshire white salt-glazed stoneware

dating to the 18th century, and sherds of Creamware, English stoneware, Late post-

medieval red earthenwares and Ironstone china. Forms represented include a drinking

vessel, a bottle and a flowerpot.

16

One late medieval CBM fragment was recovered from this test pit, but the remaining

twenty-four pieces were all post-medieval and modern. One piece of worked flint and

one piece of animal bone were found in this pit.

Test Pit 7 – Cross Keys

Test Pit 7 was located within the garden of Cross Keys (Fig. 12), a house that was at

least partially built in 1970s, but in a traditional style. It lies immediately across the road

from the church, with the Grade II* listed Guildhall to the north-west, the Grade II listed

St Mary’s Cottage to the west and the Grade II listed Old Vicarage to the east. The 1886

Ordnance Survey map shows buildings on the site, whilst the 1904 and 1926 maps

indicate that the buildings had been demolished and the site served as the entrance

track to the Vicarage. The first three spits were amalgamated in this pit.

The first three spits (0-0.3m BGL) were recorded as dark brown soil, with stones, brick

fragments, charcoal and low levels of chalk, which was interpreted as a topsoil layer.

The final spit (0.3-0.4m BGL) was a pale brown soil later, containing stone and

charcoal, which was interpreted as a buried topsoil/disturbed subsoil mix. These relate

to entries 0701-0704 in the context list.

The nineteen sherds recovered from two contexts in this test pit consist of a sherd of

Glazed red earthenware (16th-18th C), sherds of creamware dating c.1740-1880,

Refined white earthenware, Yellow ware and Ironstone china dating to the L18th-19th

century.

Twenty-nine fragments of CBM were recovered from this test pit. Medieval material

including a piece of glazed tile has been recorded along with post-medieval fragments.

The medieval CBM was found in two spits. One piece of worked and another of burnt

flint were collected, as were eight pieces of animal bone.

17

TP.2WellHouse

0 5 10m

TP.1Merchant'sHouse

10m0 5

Figure 9. Test Pit 1 location

N

Crown Copyright. All Rights Reserved. Suffolk County Council Licence No. 100023395 2013

N



18

TP.5The Croft's

0 5 10m

TP.7Cross Keys

School Street

0 5 10m


N


N

Crown Copyright. All Rights Reserved.

Suffolk County Council Licence No. 100023395 2013


19

Test Pit 8 – Half Moone Cottage

Test Pit 8 was located within the garden of Half Moone Cottage (Fig. 14). This property

is a Grade II listed timber-framed property, located immediately east of the church,

adjoining the Grade II listed vicarage/Old Rectory to the east. On both the 1886 and

1904 Ordnance Survey maps the full street frontage of the plot, including the area of the

test pit, was built on. However, by the time the 1926 OS map was drawn up, the

western range of the building had been demolished, leaving that which is still present

today. The plot was in what appears to have been the heart of the village at the time,

close to the church, public house and police station. It was reported by several of the

volunteers that the Half Moone property was once a public house, and it is known as a

relatively common name for pubs and inns.

Six spits were excavated within this test pit (Appendix 4 - 0801-0806) with the top of the

next spit described as 0807. Spits 0801-0803 (0-0.3m BGL) were recorded as dark

brown soil with stone, occasional grey ash and root disturbance and this material was

interpreted as a layer of topsoil. The remaining spits (0.3-0.6m BGL) consisted of light

brown soil, with stones, occasional clay and sand content, brick fragments and

occasional charcoal, which is thought to be a mixture of buried topsoil and disturbed

subsoil. The top of the next unexcavated spit was recorded as containing brick, tile and

stones.

The largest quantity of pottery from all the test pits was recovered from seven contexts

in Test Pit 8 (185 sherds). Fragments of Late Colchester-type wares were identified in

context 7. These included several sherds from jugs or cisterns (one probably dating to

c.1475-1550), and a perforated fragment from a strainer or colander. Overall such local

redwares date from the 14th century through to the early 16th century. Other early post-

medieval wares were identified in context 4. Fragments of Late medieval and

transitional redwares were present, including a cauldron or jar and a possible lid. A

number of Glazed red earthenwares (16th-18th C) from the pit include fragments from a

panchion and different pipkins, one of which has a tubular rod handle.

A large range of different later post-medieval wares were identified from Test Pit 8.

These include Nottinghamshire stonewares, English stoneware, Ironstone china,

Staffordshire stoneware, Late Slipped redware, Refined white earthenware, Yellow

20

ware, English lustreware, Pearlware, and Banded creamware, all dating from the late

17th century through to the 19th century. A large part of a Banded creamware bowl with

flat rim and blue and white annular decoration was present in context 6.

The CBM assemblage consisted of at least five medieval pieces, whilst the remaining

thirty pieces were post-medieval. Nineteen fragments of animal bone, as well as one

burnt flint and some slag fragments were recovered from this pit.

Test Pit 9 – The Old Rectory

Test Pit 9 was located within the garden of The Old Rectory (Fig. 13), which is a Grade

II listed brick house, located east of the church, adjoining the Grade II listed Half Moone

Cottage to the west. The first three editions of the Ordnance Survey map indicate that

the layout of the site has remained largely unchanged.

Four spits were excavated within this test pit (Appendix 4 - 0901-0904). The first three

(0-0.35m) were recorded simply as soil and were interpreted from the photographic

evidence as topsoil. Below this the final spit (0.35-0.45m BGL) was recorded as a

mixture of 80% soil and 20% clay and may indicate a transition to a topsoil and subsoil

mixture.

Only a single fragment of pottery was recovered from context 2. This was a fragment of

blue and white transfer decorated Pearlware dish dating to 1770-1850.

Seven fragments of post-medieval CBM were recovered from the test pit, along with

three pieces of animal bone.

21

Church Street

TP.9The OldRectory

No.1

0 5 10m

TP.10Coach House

HalfMooneHouse

TP.14RecreationGround

0 5 10m

N

Crown Copyright. All Rights Reserved.

Suffolk County Council Licence No. 100023395 2013 Figure 13. Test Pit 9 location

N


Figure 14. Test Pits 10 and 14 locations

22

Test Pit 10 – Coach House

Test Pit 10 was located in the south-west corner of the Coach House garden (Fig. 14),

which used to be part of the vicarage/Old Rectory gardens. The property is immediately

north of The Old Rectory, east of the church and also the Grade II listed Almshouses. It

appears that the test pit has been part of the old Rectory’s gardens since at least 1886.

Within this test pit seven spits were excavated, the first two of which (0-0.2m BGL) were

recorded as dark brown soil with stones and were interpreted as the local topsoil layer.

The following four spits (0.2-0.6m BGL) were a very mixed layer of lighter brown sandy

soil, stones, mortar/sand patches and clay, which was probably a mixture of topsoil and

disturbed subsoil. The final spit (0.6-0.83m BGL) was a corner sondage dug to expose

the natural geology, which recorded orange-light brown sandy-clay with large stones

that overlaid the brownish-orange sandy-clay geology. These relate to entries 1001-

1007 in the context list.

A single fragment of medieval coarseware dating to c. late 12th-14th century was

identified from this test pit. The remainder of the pottery dates to the post-medieval

period. A fragment of Colchester slipware dating to the 15th-16th century was recovered

from context 5. Glazed red earthenwares and Iron glazed blackwares are present in

small numbers (8 sherds) dating to the 16th-18th century. A small amount of 18th

century wares made up of Staffordshire salt-glazed stoneware and Nottinghamshire

stoneware is present. The remainder of this test pit assemblage is made up of late post-

medieval wares including English stoneware, Creamware, Pearlware, Refined white

earthenware, Ironstone china and Late post-medieval redwares.

Fifty-nine fragments of post-medieval and modern CBM were recorded in all but one of

the spits in this test pit, along with one worked flint, one burnt flint, slag fragments and

eleven pieces of animal bone.

Test Pit 11 – Street House

Test Pit 11 lies in the back garden of Street House garden (Fig. 15), a Grade II* listed

timber-framed jettied house, with the Grade II listed timber framed Beech Cottages to

the west and the Grade II listed Street Cottage to the east. The Angel Inn, also Grade II

23

listed, also backs onto the Street House garden. The layout of the property has changed

little since the late 19th century.

Seven contexts were issued for this test pit, which encountered a well at 0.4-0.5m BGL,

numbered as 1105 and 1107. The first four spits (0-0.4m BGL) were recorded as

topsoil. In Spit 05 (0.4-0.5m BGL) the well top was uncovered. It was made of reused

Tudor bricks and plain handmade bricks bedded into lime mortar, and was located in

the north-west corner of the sondage. No further excavation was carried out into the

well itself, but surrounding the structure a greyish-orangish-brown soil was recorded

(0.5-0.6m BGL) which was probably a buried topsoil/disturbed subsoil layer. These

relate to entries 1101-1107 in the context list.

A small quantity of Glazed red earthenware was present in the contexts of Test Pit 11.

In addition the base of a probable Westerwald stoneware chamberpot from the

Rhineland was identified from context 2 dating from the 17th-18th century. A fragment

of Sunderland slipware dish was present in 003/004 dating to the 19th century. The

remains of a number of small and deep bowls were present in context 7. These include

a large footring from a Pearlware blue and white decorated bowl, possibly a punch bowl

(1770-1880), and a fragment of a heavily sooted Staffordshire combed slipware bowl

which is slightly earlier in date (1650-1800). A wide range of other late post-medieval

wares are also present in this test pit dating from the 18th-19th century.

The 108 fragments of CBM from the test pit were a mixture of medieval and post-

medieval pieces, including a post-medieval unfrogged brick of pre-1850 date. Eight

pieces of animal bone and one of burnt flint were also collected from the test pit.

Test Pit 14 – Recreation ground to rear of Coach House

Test Pit 14 lies in the recreation ground to the north of Coach House, east of the church

and Almshouses (Fig. 14). The early Ordnance Survey maps show that the recreation

ground was probably common land at this point and was much the same shape as it is

today. There is no evidence to suggest that the area has been built on at any point

since the late 19th century.

24

The two upper spits within this test pit were made up of topsoil consisting of dark brown

soil with stones (0-0.2m BGL). Underlying this were two spits of topsoil with disturbed

subsoil, recorded as lighter brown soil with some stones and charcoal flecks (0.2-0.4m

BGL), which covered a final spit simply recorded as light orange-brown (0.4-0.5m BGL)

that was probably an interface between the subsoil and the uppermost geological layer.

These relate to entries 1401-1405 in the context list.

Small quantities of pottery were recovered from four contexts in Test Pit 14. The earliest

is a fragment of Colchester-type ware which has a wide date range of 13th-Mid 16th

century, which was found with a sherd of Glazed red earthenware (16th-18th C) in

context 1, but was also found with sherds of 18th and 19th century date. The remainder

of the assemblage dates from the mid 18th through to the 19th century.

Most of the 150 fragments of CBM from this test pit were post-medieval, though it was

not possible to fully identify all of the material. Four pieces of worked flint and one of

animal bone were also recorded.

Test Pit 15 – Recreation ground north-west of the church

Test Pit 15 is positioned in the recreation ground to the north-west of the church

grounds, immediately south of the tennis courts and across the road from three Grade II

listed timber-framed buildings (Fig. 16). There is no evidence to suggest that the area

has been built on at any point since the late 19th century.

Five spits were excavated in this test pit, with the upper four (0-0.4m BGL) being made

up of light-mid brown soil, with varying levels of stones and clay and occasional sand,

interpreted as topsoil. The final spit (0.4-0.5m BGL) was brown sandy-clay and stones,

interpreted as a mixture of topsoil and disturbed subsoil. These relate to entries 1501-

1505 in the context list.

The seven sherds recovered from this test pit are almost exclusively late post-medieval

in date. The earliest fragment is a sherd of banded Creamware dating from 1780-1900.

Seventeen fragments of mainly post-medieval CBM were recovered from this test pit,

although some medieval material was also present, as well as six burnt flints and one

piece of animal bone.

25

No.3

The AngelInn (PH)

Church Street

TP.11StreetHouse

0 5 10m


The Old SchoolCottage

0 5 10m

N Crown Copyright. All Rights Reserved. Suffolk

County Council Licence No. 100023395 2013 Figure 15. Test Pit 11 location

N



26

Test Pit 16 – Recreation ground north-west of the church

Test Pit 16 is near the west edge of the recreation ground to the north-west of the tennis

courts, across the road from the Grade II listed primary school (Fig. 17). There is no

evidence to suggest that the area has been built on at any point since the late 19th

century.

The upper three spits (0-0.3m BGL) of brown sandy soil with some stones and

occasional darker brown patches were interpreted as topsoil. Underlying this was a

layer of darker brown sandy-soil with stones (0.3-0.4m BGL), which was a buried topsoil

layer. Underlying this was an orangish-brown disturbed sandy-subsoil layer, containing

a deposit of charcoal (0.4-0.6m BGL). These spits relate to contexts 1601-1606 in

Appendix 4.

Although only eleven sherds were recovered from this test pit, an abraded flint-

tempered sherd dating to the prehistoric period was recorded from context 2. In addition

five sherds of medieval coarseware were present, and a sherd of unprovenanced

glazed ware which is also medieval. The medieval component therefore represents a

considerable quantity of the total amount of pottery from the pit, although it is clearly

residual and accompanied by later, post-medieval wares. A fragment of a Glazed red

earthenware pipkin and a Staffordshire combed slipware dish were identified which are

post-medieval.

Sixty-four fragments of CBM were found within this test pit. This represents one of the

more diverse selections of CBM from the village, with a possible Roman piece,

medieval and later medieval material, as well as post-medieval examples. Three worked

flints and two animal bones were collected.

Test Pits 17 and 19 – Allotments

Test Pits 17 and 19 were located within the allotments on the south-west edge of the

village, to the rear of three Grade II listed buildings and the Grade II* listed Guildhall

(Fig. 18). The area was an undeveloped field on the early Ordnance Survey maps. No

records were returned for Test Pit 17, which was only excavated 0.1m into the topsoil

(context 1701 – Appendix 4).

27

Five spits were excavated into Test Pit 19, of which the top two (0-0.2m BGL) were

made up of medium brown stony topsoil with low levels of charcoal. The next two spits

were interpreted as subsoil (0.2-0.4m BGL) recorded as sandy and stony, with charcoal

flecks. Underlying this, the final spit (0.4-0.5m BGL) was made up of orange stony-sand

which was the natural geology. The spits in this test pit are recorded as 1901-1905 in

Appendix 4.

Sixty-seven sherds were recovered from this test pit. They are almost all of late post-

medieval date apart from sherds of Glazed red earthenware and one of Iron Glazed

blackware (16th-18th C), a fragment of a red stoneware teapot dating to the 18th

century and a sherd of Staffordshire combed slipware.

CBM from Test Pit 19 totalled seventy-eight fragments, the majority of which were post-

medieval. However, a possible Roman piece was also recorded as was a fragment of

animal bone.

Test Pits 18 and 20 – Tendring Hall

Test Pits 18 and 20 were located just to the east of the upstanding portico of Tendring

Hall, in the area occupied by the driveway to the hall on the early Ordnance Survey

maps (Fig. 19). After the removal of turf and 0.05m of topsoil, compacted gravel and

sand was recorded in Test Pit 18, which was interpreted as either evidence of the

former driveway surface or more probably the natural geology (context 1801 – Appendix

4). No finds were recorded from this test pit.

Test Pit 20 was dug in two spits to 0.2m BGL, recording topsoil, mixed with orange-

clayey subsoil, above orangish-brown sandy-gravel subsoil and clay (contexts 2001 and

2002 – Appendix 4). At the base of the second spit a natural geological layer of sand,

gravel and clay was uncovered. Eighteen sherds of post-medieval CBM were recovered

from this test pit, although the state of the material made it hard to identify. A single

burnt flint was also found within the test pit.

28

School Street


0 5 10m

TP.19Allotments

TP.17Alltoments

Guildhall Cottages

DriftCottage

0 20 40m

N



N



29

Tendring HallPortico

TP.18

TP.20

0 5 10m

N



30

Primary School Test Pits

Two test pits were excavated as part of an Outreach programme at the Primary School.

These were both only excavated to 0.2m BGL, revealing topsoil in all spits (contexts

9101-9102 and 9201-9202 – Appendix 4).

The earliest pottery from Primary School Test Pit (PSTP) 1 was a sherd of 16th century

local early post-medieval ware, whilst in PSTP 2 there was a body sherd of 16th-18th

century Glazed red earthenware. The remainder of the pottery from both of these test

pits was later 17th-20th century.

PSTP 1 produced one sherd of medieval CBM and twenty-eight sherds of post-

medieval and modern CBM, whilst PSTP 2 had four or more fragments of medieval

CBM and approximately eighty sherds of post-medieval CBM. A small piece of worked

flint and a piece of animal bone were also recovered from PSTP 1.

Other finds

Five sherds of pottery were collected from incorrectly recorded contexts. These include

two late 12th-14th century coarseware body sherds that have been recorded herein as

being in context 9301. These sherds were originally recorded as coming from Test Pit

116, Spit 2. The remaining pieces include a further medieval coarseware sherd, a 15th-

17th century Dutch-type redware sherd and a 19th century ironstone china sherd, which

have been assigned context 9302, having originally had no context number assigned.

31

TP

.9

TP

.11

TP

.10

TP

.8

TP

.14

TP

.19

TP

.7

TP

.15

PST

P.2

TP

.5

TP

.1

TP

.2

TP

.16

PST

P.1

Sudbu

ry R

oad

Polstead Stree

t

100m

St M

ary

's C

hurc

h

050

School Street

= M

edie

val p

otte

ry

(14t

h ce

ntur

y o

nwar

ds)

= M

edie

val C

BM

= P

ost-

med

ieva

l

= W

orke

d fl

int

= C

BM

= P

otte

ry

= P

rehi

stor

ic

= R

oman

= M

edie

val p

otte

ry

(up

to

14th

cen

tury

)

N

C

row

n C

opyr

ight

. A

ll R

ight

s R

eser

ved.

Suf

folk

Cou

nty

Cou

ncil

Lic

ence

No.

100

0233

95 2

013

TL

F

igur

e 20

. Pot

tery

, CB

M a

nd w

orke

d fli

nt d

istri

butio

n pl

an (t

est p

its n

ot to

sca

le)

32

Sudbu

ry R

oad

TP

.10

TP

.14

TP

.1

TP

.2

TP

.5

TP

.16

TP

.19

TP

.7

PST

P.1

St M

ary

's C

hurc

h

Polstead Stree

t

050

100m

School Street

= P

otte

ry

= C

BM

= P

rehi

stor

ic

= R

oman

= W

orke

d fl

int

N

C

row

n C

opyr

ight

. A

ll R

ight

s R

eser

ved.

Suf

folk

Cou

nty

Cou

ncil

Lic

ence

No.

100

0233

95 2

013

TL

F

igur

e 21

. Pre

hist

oric

and

Rom

an p

otte

ry, C

BM

and

wor

ked

flint

dis

tribu

tion

plan

(tes

t pits

not

to s

cale

)

33

TP

.11

TP

.10

TP

.8

TP

.14

TP

.7

TP

.15

PST

P.2

TP

.5

TP

.1

TP

.2

TP

.16

PST

P.1

Sudbu

ry R

oad

100m

050

St M

ary

's C

hurc

h

Polstead Stree

t

= P

otte

ry

School Street

= C

BM

= M

edie

val p

otte

ry

(14t

h ce

ntur

y o

nwar

ds)

= M

edie

val p

otte

ry

(up

to

14th

cen

tury

)

= M

edie

val C

BM

N

C

row

n C

opyr

ight

. A

ll R

ight

s R

eser

ved.

Suf

folk

Cou

nty

Cou

ncil

Lic

ence

No.

100

0233

95 2

013

TL

F

igur

e 22

. Med

ieva

l pot

tery

and

CB

M d

istri

butio

n pl

an (t

est p

its n

ot to

sca

le)

34

TP

.11

TP

.9

TP

.10

TP

.8

TP

.14

TP

.7

TP

.15

PST

P.2

TP

.19

TP

.5

TP

.1

TP

.2

TP

.16

PST

P.1

050

100m

School Street

St M

ary

's C

hurc

h

Sudbu

ry R

oad

Polstead Stree

t

= 3

1-40

pie

ces

= 6

0-70

pie

ces

= 1

-10

pie

ces

= P

otte

ry

= C

BM

= 2

1-30

pie

ces

= 2

1-20

pie

ces

N

F

igur

e 23

. Pos

t-med

ieva

l pot

tery

and

CB

M d

istri

butio

n pl

an, s

how

ing

aver

age

piec

es p

er s

pit (

test

pits

not

to s

cale

)

C

row

n C

opyr

ight

. A

ll R

ight

s R

eser

ved.

Suf

folk

Cou

nty

Cou

ncil

Lic

ence

No.

100

0233

95 2

013

TL

35

6. Discussion

With contributions by Richenda Goffin

The test pitting exercise has revealed varying levels of prehistoric, Roman, medieval

and post-medieval activity across the modern settlement core of Stoke-by-Nayland but

with an absence of material dating from the late Anglo-Saxon to late 12th century (Fig.

20). The majority of the finds assemblage represents material deposited into topsoil and

disturbed subsoil during the eighteenth and nineteenth century.

Any consideration of the results needs to take account of various circumstances that

may have biased the results, not least the weather conditions which hindered

excavation work. The first of these is the variable depths to which the test pits were dug

which affected the size of the individual samples from across the village and has made

it more challenging to confidently plot any patterns in the data set. The other difficulty

posed by the material is bias in the collection practices. For example, burnt flints are

found in a general spread across the village, but their absence from some pits may

indicate a bias in how effectively they were recognised and collected, rather than a true

pattern.

Prehistoric artefacts were only found in small quantities, but worked flint was recovered

from eight test pits spread across the village, with one pot sherd from Test Pit 16 on the

recreation ground (Fig. 21). Such material is not unexpected and the area would have

formed a favourable settlement site, close to a water source but above the floodplain. It

is also possible that some of the worked flint derives from medieval and post-medieval

building works.

The Roman finds from the site are recorded in the north-west corner of the village and

the allotments and were recovered from four test pits (Fig. 21), with a fragment of

wheelthrown buffware which is probably Roman found in Test Pit 1 and a rare colour-

coated ware, dating to the 2nd-4th century identified in Test Pit 2. The latter is possibly

an imported fineware and is therefore a significant find. It is notable that these two, only,

finds of Roman pottery were recovered from adjacent test pits at the northern end of the

village. The other material consists of two CBM fragments, which are possibly Roman.

As this material was only present in small quantities, it is not clear if it is significant

beyond indicating the presence of a low level of activity somewhere in the general area.

36

However it is also notable that Roman CBM has been recorded in the construction

fabric of the church and is also apparently used in the cellar wall of a house on School

Street (according to the owner). This shows that Roman artefacts were being spread

around the village for some time after the period, as well as being reused. The presence

of such a high level of CBM would seem to indicate the presence of at least one Roman

building in the vicinity, but the location of this has not yet been identified.

Medieval artefacts were found across the village with CBM in Test Pits 1, 5, 7, 8, 11 and

15, as well as PSTPs 1 and 2 (Fig. 22). A slight shift appears in the pottery across the

village, although this is once again only supported by low levels of artefactual evidence.

Earlier pottery (12th century up to/including 14th century) was present in Test Pits 2, 5,

10 and 16, with later pottery (14th century-late medieval/transitional) in Test Pits 8, 10

and 14. This indicates a possible concentration of the earlier material in the north-west

of the village, with later material usually being recorded in the south-east. This may

indicate an early shift in settlement to that corner of the village as later depicted on

Hodskinson’s 18th century map (Fig. 6). However the lack of earlier medieval finds

closer to the church seems abnormal, given that these buildings often indicate the core

of medieval villages. The types of artefacts are typical of medieval domestic occupation

and it is probable that some of the animal bone, shell and other finds types are also

medieval material, redeposited in later contexts.

Post-medieval finds, usually consisting of CBM and pottery were found in every test pit,

excluding pits 17 and 18 (with the average number of frgaments of pottery and CBM per

spit shown on Figure 23 and Appendix 8). These finds are typical of a post-medieval

village, demonstrating activity such as small scale industry (in the form of slag from the

smithy) and garden/field manuring (represented by the finds in the allotments and within

gardens) as well as the build up of domestic refuse. High levels of pottery and CBM

were found across the village, with c.180 sherds from Test Pit 8 (with 30 pieces of

CBM), c.160 sherds recovered from Test Pit 2 (with 440 pieces of CBM) and 124 sherds

from Test Pit 11 (90? pieces of CBM). The lowest recorded amount of post-medieval

material was from Test Pit 1, where only seven sherds of pot were found along with c.

twenty-five pieces of CBM. However this amount may be a result of the 20th century

disturbance within the garden, as well as the shallow depth to which the pit was

excavated. The average levels of pottery and CBM recovered per spit, as shown on

Figure 23 do indicate a slight concentration of material in the south-east of the village,

37

again probably correlating with the concentration of buildings shown on Hodskinson’s

late 18th century map which also follow north along what is now Polstead Street (Fig.

6). There is also a peak in Test Pit 2, where the particularly high amount of CBM may

show partial demolition and repair works to Well House. Other definitively post-medieval

material includes glass and clay tobacco pipe fragments, whilst many of the other

artefacts (animal bone, iron objects, shell, mortar/plaster and slag) could come from a

mix of post-medieval and earlier periods. However, the predominance of early post-

medieval to modern material suggests that most of these artefacts are likely to be post-

medieval. The pieces of slag in Test Pits 8 and 10, close to the old smithy are almost

certainly post-medieval (Fig. 4), whilst the CBM recovered from Test Pit 20 must relate

to activity associated with Tendring Hall.

38

39

7. Conclusions

The test pitting works have indicated a low level of prehistoric and Roman activity in the

area. The most unusual aspect of this is the presence of the Roman CBM within test

pits and local structures, which suggests a nearby building. There is then an apparent

gap in the occupation of the village until the late 12th century (when pottery appears to

indicate settlement in the north-west corner of the village). However this gap merely

reflects the limits of the finds assemblage, as it is known from documentary evidence

that the settlement has Saxon origins and a 10th century church. The medieval and

post-medieval finds, as well as the map evidence and surviving buildings may suggest a

shift in the focus of occupation after the 14th century from the north-west to the south-

east of the village.

Whilst the village has Saxon origins, these were not recorded within the finds

assemblage and it has not yet clearly been established whether there was a centre of

settlement within the existing village. It is possible that this earlier occupation may have

existed on the topographical plateau that continues to the south-east and north-west of

Stoke-by-Nayland. The post-Saxon medieval finds assemblage is typical, suggesting

domestic occupation and an economy based on agriculture, as well as cottage

industries, with local merchants overseeing these through the guildhall. The large

church may stand on the site of the former monastery and reflects the wealth of its

endowment, although in this case that may be a reflection of the wealth of particular

individuals rather than that of the village as a whole (Richard Channon, pers comm.), as

well as emphasising its relative importance within the county, despite the competition

posed by the abbey in Bury St Edmunds. The post-medieval occupation evidence

derived from the test pitting is typical of such a village, with evidence of domestic refuse,

as well as manuring of agricultural land and smithing, whilst the map evidence shows

that the malting and textile industries were part of the local economy, with several

shops, a pub and a police station present at various times.

40

8. Archive deposition

Paper archive: SCCAS Bury St Edmunds

Digital archive: SCCAS R:\Environmental Protection\Conservation\Archaeology\

Archive\Stoke by Nayland\SBN 096 Test pitting

Digital photographic archive: SCCAS R:\Environmental Protection\Conservation\

Archaeology\Archive\Stoke by Nayland

Finds archive: SCCAS Bury St Edmunds.

9. Acknowledgements

The fieldwork was carried out by volunteers from Stoke-by-Nayland and elsewhere,

assisted by members of SCCAS Field Team and Conservation Team, as well as

members of Stoke by Nayland History society. Particular thanks must go to John

Prescott, Vivienne Klimowicz, Melanie Isted, Julia Stansfield and Angela Colcough who

helped with the initial organisation and drummed up support for the project.

The project was funded by the Managing a Masterpiece scheme, and SCCAS are

grateful to Dan King for his support throughout the weekend and to Chris Burton for his

assistance in setting the project up.

Project management was undertaken by Jo Caruth who also provided advice during the

production of the report.

Post-excavation management was provided by Richenda Goffin. Finds processing was

undertaken by Jonathan van Jennians and Preston Boyles. The specialist finds report

was produced by Richenda Goffin with additional advice provided by Andy Fawcett.

The report illustrations were created by Rob Brooks and the report was edited by

Richenda Goffin.

10. Bibliography

BGS, 2012, Information obtained from http://www.bgs.ac.uk/products/digital maps/ data_625k.html and reproduced with the permission of the British Geological Survey ©NERC. All rights Reserved Cotter, J.P., 2000, Post-Roman Pottery from Excavations in Colchester, 1971-85. Colchester Archaeol. Rep. 7. English Heritage, London. English Heritage, 2013, List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest. District of Listing: Stoke-by-Nayland. List Entry Numbers: 1200348, 1200113, 1033513, 1033538 and 1200030, available at: http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/ Jennings, S., 1981, Eighteen Centuries of pottery from Norwich. EAA 13, Norwich Survey/NMS. Lever, J., 2009, Tendring Hall, Suffolk: (executed) house for Admiral Sir Joshua Rowley, 1783-1789, available at: http://jeromeonline.co.uk.mytempdomain.com/drawings/index. cfm?display_scheme=525

41

11. Plates

Fieldwork

Plate 1. SCCAS staff patrol the village!

42

Plate 2. View across the allotments and TP19.

Plate 3. Digging TP 19.

43

Plate 4. Digging TP10.

Plate 5. The first excavated spit in TP 7.

44

Plate 6. TP14 on the edge of the Recreation Ground.

Plate 7. TP 15 by the tennis courts.

45

Plate 8. TP 7.

46

Plate 9. Dedicated workers in the rain in TP 15.

Plate 10. TP 8.

47

Plate 11. TP 7.

Plate 12. Carefully sieved spoil heaps from TP 2.

48

Plate 13. Sieving at TP 19.

Plate 14. TP 16.

49

Plate 15. The top spit in TP1 and a selection of finds, note the Roman pottery in the centre!

Plate 16. TP 5, someone's enjoying the rain!

50

Plate 17. Well found in TP 11.

Plate 18. SCCAS staff, lots of them, supervise sieving in TP8!

51


Plate 20. A monitoring visit at TP 10.

52

Plate 21. TP 16 being started in the rain.

Plate 22. Soil profile in TP2.

53

Plate 23. Recording TP 20.


54

Plate 25. A barrowful of stones from the sieving is backfilled into the base of TP 5

55

Plate 26. TP 9 in one of the rare moments of sunshine!

Plate 27. TP 16 attracting attention!

56

Plate 28. TP18 uncovered the former drive to Tendring Hall.

57

Plate 29. Lots of pottery and tile finds were made the soil layers in TP 8.

Plate 30. All that remains of Tendring Hall. Setting out for TP 18.

58

Plate 31. SCCAS staff get stuck in in TP 19.

59

The Operations Centre

Plate 32. Discussing pottery

Plate 33. Gathering before the start

60

Plate 34. Pre-start briefing

Plate 35. Pre-start briefing

61



62

Plate 38. Discussing strategy

Plate 39. The finds start coming in

63

Plate 40. Finds brought to the Hall

Plate 41. Some of the finds from TP 8

64

Plate 42. Trays of finds in the Hall

65

Plate 42. End of weekend summing up.

66

0 5 10cm

Scale 1:2

0 10 20cm

Scale 1:4

4 5

1

1. Sherds of Colchester Ware, all from TP8

32

2. Sherd of Roman Colchester buff ware from TP1

3. Sherd of a base of a Raeren jug from TP5

4. Part of a Staffordshire Ware bowl and slipware from TP11

5. Sample of finds found in Stoke by Nayland

1

Plate 43. Example of pottery finds

24/01/2013 Parish

Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service Sites and Monuments RecordPOLSTEAD, BABERGH, SUFFOLK

NGRnoitpircseD yrammuSfeR Site Name PeriodPLS 009 Late Rom, C4 - early C5, bronze buckle

with animal head returns.MSF5676Rom Centroid TL 9887

3711 (MBR: 10m by 10m)

PLS 009 Bronze strap end with interlace decoration, animal head terminal and coin hoard.MSF5677

Sax Centroid TL 9887 3711 (MBR: 10m by 10m)

PLS 012 Concentric ring ditch, circa 20m diameter.MSF10223

Un Centroid TL 9879 3734 (MBR: 25m by 25m)

PLS 013 Remains of ? field boundary ditches from rectilinear field system, trackway and two adjoining rectangular ? enclosures, the boundary of which appears to traverse concentric ring ditch, PLS 012.

MSF10224Un Centroid TL 9875

3737 (MBR: 10m by 10m)

PLS 031 Steps Farm to Water Tower, Stoke by Nayland

Pottery Scatter.

MSF19570

Med Centroid TL 9871 3706 (MBR: 10m by 10m)

PLS 034 Papal bull of Gregorius VIIII (1227-1241) found metal detecting.MSF19905

Med Centroid TL 9894 3724 (MBR: 10m by 10m)

SBN 014 Field system with curving trackway.MSF5604


SBN 016 Ring ditch or small, not completely circular, enclosure, circa 30m diameter, with a curving additional length of ditch on the SE side (S1)(S2).


3493 (MBR: 10m by 10m)

SBN 024 Tendring Hall Farm Large ring ditch or small circular enclosure, circa 50m diameter.MSF5614


SBN 025 Tendring Hall Farm Ring ditch, circa 30m diameter.MSF5615






SBN 028 Tendring Hall Farm Oval cropmark of possible long barrow, circa 40m long by 28m wide.MSF5618


SBN 036 Ring ditch or small circular enclosure, circa 40m diameter.MSF5626


SBN 060 Linear ditches outlining a field system.MSF12302


MonListRpt2

Appendix 1. HER listings

carujc

Typewritten Text

NGRRef Summary DescriptionSite Name PeriodSBN 062 Church of St Mary St Mary's, Stoke By Nayland, is a large

perpendicular church situated in the middle of the village. Probably a Domesday minster.

MSF12830Med Centroid TL 9860

3627 (MBR: 10m by 10m)

SBN 063 Tendring Hall, Fishing Temple & Canal

Temple (listed building) and ornamental canal, approximately 170m long x 30m wide with squared-off ends.MSF13621

PMed Centroid TL 9875 3547 (MBR: 190m by 100m)

SBN 064 Tendring Hall Tendring Hall (site of).MSF13618


SBN 065 Tendring Hall Estate Complete polished stone axehead, 112mm by 62mm by 30mm.MSF13746

Neo Centroid TL 9995 3565 (MBR: 100m by 100m)

SBN 066 Ring ditch, approximately 30m diameter and 30m N of ring ditch, SBN 025.MSF14728


SBN 067 Small ring ditch, approximately 10m diameter, very close to and just W of ring ditch SBN 025.


3493 (MBR: 10m by 10m)

SBN 068 Ring ditch, approximately 30m diameter, situated between ring ditches SBN 025 and SBN 027.


3497 (MBR: 10m by 10m)

SBN 069 Tendring Hall Park Registered Park and Garden - remains of landscape park of Repton and earlier C18 features.

MSF14413PMed Centroid TL 9939

3564 (MBR: 10m by 10m)

SBN 077 Sub-square enclosure, circa 70m sides, on N side irregular boundary/water course (S1).


3520 (MBR: 10m by 10m)

SBN 078 Straight N-S trackway cropmark (S1).MSF17108


SBN 079 Small ring ditch, diameter circa 5m, one of a large group of ring ditches, SBN 025, 027, 066, 067 and 068.


3498 (MBR: 10m by 10m)

SBN 080 Cropmarks of at least three parallel ditches from sinuous NW-SE trackway (?) with rectangular enclosures (?) on E side (S1)(S2).


3489 (MBR: 100m by 100m)

SBN 081 Faint cropmarks of field boundaries(?) and trackway in field on the Stoke by Nayland/Polstead border (S1).


3675 (MBR: 100m by 100m)

SBN 082 Cropmarks of small ring ditch on edge of group. See SBN 025-028 etc.MSF18504

Un TL 9884 3485 (point)

SBN 090 Farm buildings at Tendring Hall Farm

Range of 18th C outbuildings

MSF25273

18th Centroid TL 9931 3524 (MBR: 91m by 79m)

SBN 091 Farm buildings at Scotland Place Farm

16th C farmhouse with a 16th C barn and an 18th C cartlodge and stable

MSF25274

16th- Centroid TL 9960 3675 (MBR: 131m by 133m)

MonListRpt2

NGRRef Summary DescriptionSite Name PeriodSBN 095 Tendring Hall Prisoner of

War campPrisoner of War camp for German and Italian prisoners. Tendring Hall was demolished 1956.MSF26066

WW2 Centroid TL 9920 3572 (MBR: 158m by 160m)

SBN Misc Black Horse Stable A possible witch bottle was presented to Moyses Hall Museum in 1984.MSF1514


SBN Misc Brick Field Field name suggests possible brick works.MSF19680


SBN Misc Downs Farm Lamp found in garden of Downs Farm.MSF5630

Rom Centroid TL 9860 3605 (MBR: 10m by 10m)

MonListRpt2

Suffolk County Council Designation List Report24/01/2013 Number of records: 78

epyTDIUgiseD RGNfeR derreferPemaN

DSF2763 CHURCH OF ST MARY TL 98628 36281 (point)Listed Building 278559DSF1714 TL 98467 36459 (point)Listed Building 278607DSF2900 TL 98799 36444 (point)Listed Building 278598DSF315 ALDE HOUSE TL 98765 36473 (point)Listed Building 278604DSF1695 ALMSHOUSES TL 98700 36328 (point)Listed Building 278560DSF1208 ANGEL INN TL 98824 36308 (point)Listed Building 278600DSF2138 ASSUR TL 98815 36405 (point)Listed Building 278596DSF1291 BARN TO THE EAST OF STEPS

FARMHOUSETL 98575 37173 (point)Listed Building 277057

DSF1241 BARN TO WEST OF SCOTLAND PLACE TL 98934 36180 (point)Listed Building 450257DSF2903 BEECH COTTAGES TL 98782 36281 (point)Listed Building 278565DSF1703 BISHOPS TL 99381 36636 (point)Listed Building 278629DSF1763 BLACK HORSE INN TL 98832 36355 (point)Listed Building 278593DSF1248 CART LODGE TO NORTH WEST OF

SCOTLAND PLACETL 99557 36788 (point)Listed Building 450256

DSF299 CHERRY TREES TL 99284 36560 (point)Listed Building 278627DSF1259 CLIP BUSH COTTAGES TL 98730 36601 (point)Listed Building 278605DSF2531 CROWN COTTAGES TL 98862 36300 (point)Listed Building 278583DSF1260 DICKHILL COTTAGE TL 98818 36396 (point)Listed Building 278595DSF1704 DOVECOTE TL 99386 35611 (point)Listed Building 278639DSF2139 DRIFT COTTAGE TL 98560 36276 (point)Listed Building 278612DSF1712 GADS HILL TL 98782 36476 (point)Listed Building 278599DSF309 GARDEN WALL TO HILL HOUSE TL 98674 36134 (point)Listed Building 278577DSF2508 GRIMSEY COTTAGES TL 98921 36206 (point)Listed Building 278591DSF1696 HALF MOON COTTAGE AND SHOP

ADJOININGTL 98724 36273 (point)Listed Building 278563

DSF2136 HILL HOUSE TL 98669 36152 (point)Listed Building 278576DSF2140 HILLSIDE TL 99411 36657 (point)Listed Building 278618

Page 1zSortedDesignationListRpt Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd

Appendix 2. Listed buildings

DesigUID TypeName Preferred Ref NGR

DSF1995 HOLLY COTTAGE TL 98453 36475 (point)Listed Building 278638DSF1711 HOLLY TREE COTTAGE TL 98821 36375 (point)Listed Building 278594DSF1759 HOMESTEAD TL 99232 36496 (point)Listed Building 278624DSF298 HONEYCROFT TL 99272 36547 (point)Listed Building 278626DSF1709 HOUSE OWNED BY SIR JOSHUA

ROWLEY AND OLD BUTCHER'S SHOP OCCUPIED BY K &K ELECTRICAL

TL 98858 36308 (point)Listed Building 278582

DSF1769 HOUSES ABOUT 24 YARDS NORTH EAST OF THE DOWNS ALMSHOUSES


DSF2533 LAVENDER COTTAGE TL 98524 36368 (point)Listed Building 278609DSF2132 LILAC COTTAGES TL 99247 36515 (point)Listed Building 278625DSF318 LOWER FEN TL 99384 36674 (point)Listed Building 278617DSF3111 MAIN LODGE TO TENDRING HALL PARK TL 98934 36181 (point)Listed Building 278592DSF1761 MALTINGS COTTAGE TL 99636 36674 (point)Listed Building 278631DSF317 MEAD HOUSE TL 99089 36483 (point)Listed Building 278615DSF2133 OAK BEAMS TL 99344 36622 (point)Listed Building 278628DSF1713 OAK BOUGH TL 98810 36354 (point)Listed Building 278602DSF2905 OLD READING ROOM TL 98777 36248 (point)Listed Building 278569DSF2532 OUTBUILDING AT THE REAR OF THE

COTTAGETL 98900 36216 (point)Listed Building 278590

DSF1760 OUTBUILDING TO BISHOPS TL 99397 36638 (point)Listed Building 278630DSF1710 PARK HOUSE TL 98890 36245 (point)Listed Building 278587DSF314 PARK STREET COTTAGES TL 98899 36235 (point)Listed Building 278588DSF1762 PARK STREET STORES TL 98865 36270 (point)Listed Building 278586DSF2902 POPLAR FARMHOUSE TL 97834 35969 (point)Listed Building 278550DSF292 PORTICO TO FORMER TENDERING

HALLTL 99201 35753 (point)Listed Building 278674

DSF1209 POSTBOYS TL 98799 36384 (point)Listed Building 278603DSF1257 RIDGEWAY COTTAGE TL 99385 36653 (point)Listed Building 278616DSF1689 SIR HUGH'S AND HOPE COTTAGE TL 98549 36308 (point)Listed Building 278611DSF1211 ST ANTHONY'S COTTAGE WALNUT

TREE COTTAGETL 98534 36350 (point)Listed Building 278610


DesigUID TypeName Preferred Ref NGR

DSF2107 ST MARY'S COTTAGE TL 98561 36233 (point)Listed Building 278614DSF2626 STEPS FARMHOUSE TL 98537 37168 (point)Listed Building 277056DSF1210 STOKE BY NAYLAND PRIMARY SCHOOL TL 98500 36402 (point)Listed Building 278608DSF1205 STREET COTTAGE TL 98808 36290 (point)Listed Building 278567DSF1207 SUNNYSIDE TL 98814 36427 (point)Listed Building 278597DSF297 THATCHERS COTTAGE TL 99096 36463 (point)Listed Building 278623DSF2505 THE COTTAGE TL 98743 36211 (point)Listed Building 278568DSF2393 THE COTTAGE TL 98908 36222 (point)Listed Building 278589DSF313 THE CROWN INN TL 98884 36300 (point)Listed Building 278584DSF2535 THE DOWNS ALMSHOUSES TL 98684 36055 (point)Listed Building 278573DSF1261 THE OLD BAKEHOUSE AND FENWOOD TL 98811 36271 (point)Listed Building 278570DSF327 THE OLD VICARAGE TL 98679 36234 (point)Listed Building 278561DSF1850 THE RECTORY TL 98789 37200 (point)Listed Building 277055DSF2901 THE STABLES TL 98806 36342 (point)Listed Building 278601DSF1993 THE TEMPLE TL 98660 35522 (point)Listed Building 278549DSF2380 THE VICARAGE TL 98746 36271 (point)Listed Building 278564DSF2112 THE WHITE HOUSE TL 98854 36281 (point)Listed Building 278585DSF1262 TUDOR COTTAGE TL 98847 36282 (point)Listed Building 278572DSF328 TUDOR COTTAGES TL 98837 36280 (point)Listed Building 278571DSF2109 VALLEY FARMHOUSE TM 00091 36084 (point)Listed Building 278555DSF2764 WALL TO THE NORTH EAST OF THE

OLD VICARAGETL 98706 36266 (point)Listed Building 278562

DSF2000 WAR MEMORIAL IN THE CHURCHYARD OF ST MARYS CHURCH


DSF2134 WELL HOUSE TL 98477 36482 (point)Listed Building 278637DSF2904 STREET HOUSE TL 98796 36286 (point)Listed Building 278566DSF1206 THE DOWNS FARMHOUSE TL 98634 36054 (point)Listed Building 278575DSF316 THE MALTINGS TL 98568 36306 (point)Listed Building 278606DSF1212 THE OLD GUILDHALL AND TUDOR

COTTAGESTL 98565 36258 (point)Listed Building 278613


Appendix 3. Listed buildings at Grade I and Grade II*

List Entry Number, name and details

Description

1200348 School Street,West Side, The Old Guildhall, Tudor Cottages,II* GV

A fine C16 and C17 timber-framed building with exposed timber-framing and plaster infil. 2 storeys. The upper storey is jettied on the whole of the east front and north side on exposed joists, with curved brackets and moulded shafts with capitals, and a moulded bressummer. At the north-west corner there is a massive corner post and bracket. The upper storey is divided into 4 bays and the ground storey is divided into 11 bays by moulded shafts with capitals. 4 window range, casements with moulded mullions and lattice leaded lights. There is the original 4-centred arched door head of a former doorway. The house was restored at the beginning of the C20 and divided into tenements. The present doorways, approached by steps, are boarded, with fillets. Roofs tiled, with a fine central chimney stack with 6 octagonal shafts with moulded bases (rebuilt at the top) on a rectangular base (dated 1619).

1200113 The Downs, Stoke-by-Nayland, The Downs Farmhouse, II* GV

Former farmhouse. Early C16, with later extensions. Timber-framed and rendered; rear extensions partly faced in C19 red brick; plaintiled roofs. 2 storeys; 3-cell plan, with the original chimney-stack set externally on the rear wall of the hall, and a cross entry. The stack has been rebuilt in plain red brick. 4 window range: on the upper floor, 2-light casement windows with square-leaded panes, pintle hinges and small supporting brackets below the sills; on the ground floor, 2 small-paned sash windows in cased frames and one cross window with square leading. Edwardian 4-panelled entrance door, still in the cross-entry position, with a corresponding door on the rear wall: sunk panels, the top 2 glazed, flat pediment with shaped mock-Jacobean brackets. Frame in 4 bays, the main feature of the interior being the outstandingly fine carved and moulded ceiling to the central 2-bay ground-floor hall, some parts of which have been recently exposed. The main cross-beams have multiple roll-mouldings combined with 2 rows of running-leaf design which terminate in leaf-stops. At the intersection of these main beams is a large carving of a standing angel with outstretched wings, surrounded by an ornate canopy: he wears flowing robes, and carries a blank shield. The joists are of triangular section and also have multiple roll-mouldings which terminate in leaf-stops with a central motif, varying from one joist to another: flowers, fruit, figures and miniature trees. This amount of detail on joist stops is very unusual. The cambered fireplace lintel, slightly damaged by later plastering, has a lower narrow band of running-leaf carving and a wider upper band in a different leaf design, the 2 separated by a double band of embattled ornament; in the centre of the top band is a shield bearing the Mowbray crest of a lion rampant. The remaining framing of the main range is plain, with only the main components visible; the roof is inaccessible. The rear range is in 3 sections, that nearest the main house in 2 bays, into one of which a straight flight of stairs has been inserted. On the ground floor the main beam, cut back for later render, has supporting brackets and plain unchamfered joists.

1033513 School Street,East Side,Stoke-by-Nayland, The Maltings, II* GV

Originally a good quality late medieval house, with an open hall and crown-post roof, flanked by 2 cross wings. This was extended northwards in the 16th and subsequent centuries. Now divided into 4 tenements: the original house is now cottages 2 and 4, cottage No 2 continues the same roofline to the north, and No 1 is lower than the rest of the building, with a gable facing the road. Restored in the C20. The timber-framing is exposed on the front with plaster infil; apart from the hall section all the upper storey on this front is jettied, on exposed joists with curved brackets. 2 storeys. 5 window range, casements with lattice leaded lights, mostly modern but in style. The doorways have 4-centred arches and have boarded doors with fillets. Roofs tiled, with 2 good chimney stacks with 4 grouped octagonal shafts. There is a 2 shafted stack at the north end and an external stack at the rear.

1033538 Church Street,North Side, Stoke-by-Nayland StreetHouse, II* GV

A good C15-C16 timber-framed and plastered house with 2 gables on the front and a gabled cross wing on the north side. The west part of the front has a jettied upper storey on brackets. Over the doorway there is part of a moulded wall plate and a castellated doorhead. 2 window range, double-hung sashes with glazing bars. 2 doorways, one has a 6-panel door and the other a 4-panel door. Roof tiled, with 2 large square chimney stacks. The interior has carved ceiling beams with folded ribbon ornamentation and moulded beams. Some 4-centred doorways and a C15 window with diamond mullions. Recent excavations revealed below the C16 fireplace, at a depth of about 3 ft, an earlier hearth probably of Norman date and below that a still earlier hearth.

1200030 Church Lane, Stoke-by-Nayland, Church of St Mary, I GV

A fine C15 church built of freestone rubble and brick, with stone dressings. The nave and aisles have castellated parapets and Perpendicular windows. It incorporates the remains of an earlier church built in the late C13 or early C14 of which the south porch, St Edmunds Chapel and part of the aisle wall are part. The late Norman piscina in the north chapel is the only surviving part of the original Norman church which stood on the site and was recorded in the Doomsday survey of 1085. The imposing west tower which is 120 ft high forms a prominent landmark in the surrounding countryside. It is in 4 stages with an embattled parapet with crocketted pinnacles and diagonal buttresses with canopied niches. The south porch is late C13-early C14, with a groin vaulted roof with interesting carved bosses (restored). Above there is a small priests chamber. The South door is of the same date, elaborately carved with figures, birds and insects, said to be a Jesse tree. The nave has 6 tall arches and a stringcourse carved with cherubs (restored 1865) under the clerestory windows. The arch braced tie beams of the roof rest on carved corbels. At the west end there is a tall lancet arch opening into the tower and revealing the west window. St Edmunds Chapel was built circa 1318 by John de Peyton. There is a fine C15 octagonal font carved with the signs of the Evangelists, a band of cherubs and ogee niches in the shaft. The font stands on a stepped base with 4 standing platforms carved with shields, one of King Edward IV. The church has a number of brasses of the C15 and a standing wall monument to Sir Francis Mannock of Giffords Hall (d 1634). Graded for its architectural, historical and topographical value.

Listings taken from English Heritage, 2013

Appendix 4. Context listContext No Feature Type Description etadtopShtpeD Over Under Finds Sample

.level dnuorg woleb m1.0-0 .seludon llams dna skcelf enots %5 htiw lios nworb kraD1010

Topsoil

0.1Topsoil Layer 0102 Yes No

0391 morf dray egaluah a saw etiS .deretnuocne elbbur ’sredliub nredom hcum oot sa denodnaba tip tseT .enots dna yalc ,lioS2010 's to 2000, when it was redeveloped.Topsoil

0.1Topsoil Layer 0101 No No

hctap elbategev dekroW .enots dna dnas htiw lios nworb kraD1020 , manure, compost and topsoil has been added over 25 years. 1/5 bucket of flint and stone recovered.Topsoil


.tips tsrif naht dnas erom dna selbbep htiw liospoT .)enots fo tekcub 3/1( enots dna dnas htiw lios nworB2020

Topsoil

0.1Topsoil Layer 0203 0201 Yes No

ms tnilf dna enots fo tekcub 2/1 .enots dna dnas ,lios nworb thgiL3020 all handful of charcoal. Some fine roots with a few small and medium pebbles.

Topsoil


egral 1 ,stoor weF .enots dna dnas ,lios nworb thgiL4020 flint, some slate, stone, medium and larger pebbles.

Buried topsoil/disturbed subsoil mix.

0.1Soil Layer 0205 0203 Yes No

naht dnas fo noitrop retaerG .enots dna dnas ,lios nworb thgiL5020 previous spits, larger pebbles, flints. Roots from hedge and flowers.

Buried topsoil/disturbed subsoil mix


,anihc ,elttob ,lios reidnaS .enots dna dnas ,lios nworb thgiL6020 mortar, larger pebbles, brick, large stone - some less round flints - smaller size.



,kcirb sniatnoC .enots dna dnas ,lios nworb thgiL7020 large stones and pebbles - roots from hedge. Unexcavated.

Buried topsoil/garden soil

0.1Soil Layer 0206 Yes No

.)%01( enots dezis muidem dna )%01( dnas ,)%08( lios ,nworb kraD1050

Topsoil


.)%01( enots dezis muidem dna )%01( dnas ,)%08( lios ,nworb kraD2050

Topsoil


.)%01( enots dna )%01( yalc ,)%01( dnas ,)%07( lios ,nworb-egnarO3050



s ,)%51( enots ,)%46( lios ,nworb egnarO4050 and (10%), clay (10%) and charcoal (1%).



senots egral dna muidem ,)%46( lios ,nworb kraD5050 (20%), sand (10%), clay (5%) and charcoal (1%).



.)%1( laocrahc dna )%91( lios ,)%03( dnas ,)%05( enots ,hctap krad a htiw nworb egnarO6050



al dna muidem ,llams ,sehctap krad emos htiw nworb egnarO7050 rge stone (40%), sand (30%), soil (29%) and charcoal (1%).

Subsoil/top of natural


.serutaef oN .)%2( laocrahc dna )%8( kcirb ,)%09( lios ,nworb kraD1070

Topsoil


.serutaef oN .)%2( laocrahc dna )%8( kcirb ,)%09( lios ,nworb kraD2070

Topsoil


.)%1<( klahc ,)%1<( laocrahc ,)%4( enots ,)%59( lios ,nworb kraD3070

Topsoil


Context No Feature Type Description Depth SpotdateOver Under Finds Sample

0704 Pale brown subsoil, stone (<1%) and charcoal (<1%).



0801 Dark brown, soil (75%) and stone (25%).

Topsoil


0802 Dark brown, soil (85%) and medium and large stone (15%). Root disturbed and small/medium stones.

Topsoil


0803 Dark brown, soil (75%), stone (25%) and grey ash.

Topsoil


0804 Light brown, soil (45%), stone and brick (35%), sand (15%) and clay (5%).



0805 Light brown, stone and brick (35%), soil (30%), clay (20%) and sand (15%) with charcoal flecks.



0806 Light brown, small, medium and large stone (35%), soil (30%), clay (20%) and sand (15%).



0807 Top of final unexcavated context, brick, tile and stones.


Soil Layer 0806 Yes No

0901 Soil (98%).

Topsoil


0902 Soil (80%) and clay (20%). 0.15-0.25m BGL.

Topsoil/subsoil.


0903 Soil (80%) and clay (20%).

Topsoil/subsoil.

0.1Soil Layer 0902 No No

0904 Topsoil. Should have been recorded as Context 0001 for this test pit. 0-0.15m BGL.

Topsoil.


1001 Dark brown, soil (98%) and medium stones (2%). 0.2-0.3m BGL.

Topsoil

0.1Topsoil Layer 1002 1007 No No

1002 Lighter brown, stone (95%), sand (4%) and soil (1%).



1003 Soil (55%), Mortar/sand (40%) and stone (5%).



1004 Soil (97%) and small and medium stones (3%).



1005 Sandy light brown, clay (66%), soil (30%) and sand (10%).



1006 Excavated sondage to find natural. Orange/light brown, clay (70%), sand (25%) and large stones (5%).



1007 Soil (99%) and medium stones (1%) - should have been context 1. 0-0.1m BGL.

Topsoil


1101 Topsoil.

Topsoil.


1102 Topsoil.

Topsoil.



1103 Layer taken off before reaching formation of structure. Dug at same time as context 1104.

Topsoil.


1104 Layer taken off before reaching formation of structure. Excavated with context 1103.

Topsoil.

0.1Soil Layer 1103 No No

1105 Brick structure between spits 4-5, possibly Tudor bricks on lime mortar.

Well set within topsoil. Appears to pre-date the late 19th century layout of the site though, as undercuts the old brick structure.

0.1Well Structure Yes No

1106 Greyish-orangish-brown soil outside of well.


0.1Soil Layer No No

1107 Well structure. Brick lined shaft, with a double course of bricks – mixed Tudor bricks and plain handmade bricks. Bonded with lime mortar,

Well.

Well Structure Yes No

1401 Rich brown soil (90%) and small stones (10%)

Topsoil

0.1Topsoil Layer Yes No

1402 Dark brown soil (90%) and small stones (10%)

Topsoil


1403 Lighter brown soil (84%), medium stones (15%) and charcoal flecks (1%)


0.1Soil Layer Yes No

1404 Light brown.



1405 Light orange-brown.

Buried topsoil/disturbed subsoil mix/interface with natural?

0.1Soil Layer No No

1501 Green grass and then mid brown soil (95%) and small stones (5%). The grass surface was prepared and hence easily workable. However heavy and persistent rain fell after the turf removal causing the earth to coagulate and the sieving to become impossible.Turf and topsoil.

0.1Topsoil Layer No No

1502 Light brown soil (70%) and small-medium stones (30%). The going was difficult due to the stone, there was a concentration of charcoal to the east of the square but did not appear to be a cut.Topsoil


1503 Mid brown soil (70%), clay (15%) and small-medium stones. The soil darkened to mid brown and became less stony. Excellent loam, more charcoal in evidence to the east but removed by the time 40cm depth was reached.Topsoil


1504 Mid brown soil (70%), medium and large flints (15%), sand (10%) and clay (5%). The soil structure has changed. It is more difficult to work with, large unworked flint strewn across the site with a lightish patch in the middle of the eastern boundary. The lightish patch was sandy soil.Topsoil


1505 Sandy brown clay (35%), sand (30%), stone (20%) and soil (15%).

Buried topsoil/disturbed subsoil mix?

0.1Soil Layer No No

1601 Brown soil (60%), sand (30%) and small-large stones (10%).

Topsoil.


1602 Brown soil (83%), sand (10%) and small-medium stones (10%). Dark patches.

Topsoil.


1603 Brown soil (83%), sand (10%) and stone (7%). One dark patch.

Topsoil.


1604 Darker brown soil (85%), sand (10%) and small stones (5%).

Buried topsoil.


1605 Brown soil (83%), sand (15%) and stone (2%). No features.

Disturbed subsoil.

0.1Soil Layer No No


1606 Possible charcoal ring.

Disturbed subsoil and charcoal.


1701 Topsoil.

Test pit abandoned after excavation of initial 0.1m.


1801 Turf and topsoil, overlying compacted gravel and sand.

Topsoil overlying what is probably the natural geology. Alternatively the gravel and sand could be an area of buried driveway??


1901 Medium brown soil (95%) and stone (5%).

Topsoil.


1902 Soil (94.8%), small stones (5%) and charcoal (0.2%).

Topsoil.


1903 Soil (94.8%), small stones (5%) and charcoal (0.2%).

Subsoil.


1904 More sandy and stony (10%), charcoal flecks.

Subsoil.


1905 Sandy and medium stones (30%).

Buried topsoil/disturbed subsoil mix/top of natural geology?

0.1Soil Layer No No

2001 Dark brown and slightly orange soil (70%), stone (25%) and clay (5%). Just soil and stone in top layer, some fragments of brick.

Topsoil, mixed with subsoil.


2002 Dark orange brown large stone (80%), soil (18%), sand (1%) and clay (1%). Hit natural at 20cm, mainly consisted of stone.

Subsoil/natural geology.

0.05Soil Layer No No

9101 No details recorded. Excavation of topsoil in Primary School Test Pit 1 outreach programme. Uppermost spit.

Topsoil?


9102 No details recorded. Excavation of topsoil in Primary School Test Pit 1 outreach programme. Bottom spit.

Topsoil?


9201 No details recorded. Excavation of topsoil in Primary School Test Pit 2 outreach programme. Uppermost spit.

Topsoil?


9202 No details recorded. Excavation of topsoil in Primary School Test Pit 2 outreach programme. Bottom spit.

Topsoil?


9301 No data recorded. Finds label records Test Pit 116, spit 0002A, which didn't exist. Renumbered to fit into new context numbers.Unstratified Finds

Yes No

9302 Three pot sherds without any context information recorded.Unstratified Finds

No No

Spit/Context & depth

Description Archaeological interpretation

Test Pit 1 01/0001 0-0.1m

Dark brown soil with 5% stone flecks and small nodules of chalk.

Topsoil

02/0002 0.1-0.2m

Soil, clay and stone. Test pit abandoned as too much modern builders’ rubble encountered. Site was a haulage yard from 1930's to 2000, when it was redeveloped

Topsoil

Test Pit 2 01/0001 0-0.1m

Dark brown soil with sand and stone. Worked vegetable patch, manure, compost and topsoil has been added over 25 years. 1/5 bucket of flint and stone recovered.

Topsoil

02/0002 0.1-0.2m

Brown soil with sand and stone (1/3 bucket of stone). Topsoil with pebbles and more sand than first spit.

Topsoil

03/0003 0.2-0.3m

Light brown soil, sand and stone. 1/2 bucket of stone and flint small handful of charcoal. Some fine roots with a few small and medium pebbles.

Topsoil

04/0004 0.3-0.4m

Light brown soil, sand and stone. Few roots, 1 large flint, some slate, stone, medium and larger pebbles.


05/0005 0.4-0.5m

Light brown soil, sand and stone. Greater portion of sand than previous spits, larger pebbles, flints. Roots from hedge and flowers.


06/0006 0.5-0.6m

Light brown soil, sand and stone. Sandier soil, bottle, china, mortar, larger pebbles, brick, large stone - some less round flints - smaller size.


07/0007 0.6-0.7m

Light brown soil, sand and stone. Contains brick, large stones and pebbles - roots from hedge. Unexcavated.

Buried topsoil/garden soil

Test Pit 5 01/0001 0-0.1m

Dark brown, soil (80%), sand (10%) and medium sized stone (10%).

Topsoil

02/0002 0.1-0.2m

Dark brown, soil (80%), sand (10%) and medium sized stone (10%).

Topsoil

03/0003 0.2-0.3m

Orange-brown, soil (70%), sand (10%), clay (10%) and stone (10%).


04/0004 0.3-0.4m

Orange brown, soil (64%), stone (15%), sand (10%), clay (10%) and charcoal (1%).


05/0005 0.4-0.5m

Dark brown, soil (64%), medium and large stones (20%), sand (10%), clay (5%) and charcoal (1%).


06/0006 0.5-0.6m

Orange brown with a dark patch, stone (50%), sand (30%), soil (19%) and charcoal (1%).


07/0007 0.6-0.7m

Orange brown with some dark patches, small, medium and large stone (40%), sand (30%), soil (29%) and charcoal (1%).

Subsoil/top of natural

Test Pit 7 01/0001 0-0.3m

Dark brown, soil (90%), brick (8%) and charcoal (2%). No features.

Topsoil

02/0002 0.3-0.4m

Dark brown, soil (90%), brick (8%) and charcoal (2%). No features.

Topsoil

03/0003 0.4-0.5m

Dark brown, soil (95%), stone (4%), charcoal (<1%), chalk (<1%).

Topsoil

04/0004 0.5-0.6m

Pale brown subsoil, stone (<1%) and charcoal (<1%). Buried topsoil/disturbed subsoil mix

Appendix 5. Test pit records



Test Pit 8 01/0001 0-0.1m

Dark brown, soil (75%) and stone (25%). Topsoil

02/0002 0.1-0.2m

Dark brown, soil (85%) and medium and large stone (15%). Root disturbed and small/medium stones.

Topsoil

03/0003 0.2-0.3m

Dark brown, soil (75%), stone (25%) and grey ash. Topsoil

04/0004 0.3-0.4m

Light brown, soil (45%), stone and brick (35%), sand (15%) and clay (5%).


05/0005 0.4-0.5

Light brown, stone and brick (35%), soil (30%), clay (20%) and sand (15%) with charcoal flecks.


06/0006 0.5-0.6

Light brown, small, medium and large stone (35%), soil (30%), clay (20%) and sand (15%).


07/0007 Unexcavated

Top of final unexcavated context, brick, tile and stones. Buried topsoil/disturbed subsoil mix

Test Pit 9 01/0001 0-0.15m

Soil (98%). Topsoil

02/0002 0.15-0.25m

Soil (98%). Topsoil

03/0003 0.25-0.35m

Soil (80%) and clay (20%). Topsoil

04/0004 0.35-0.45m

Soil (80%) and clay (20%). Unknown

Test Pit 10 01/0001 0-0.1m

Soil (99%) and medium stones (1%). Topsoil

02/0002 0.1-0.2m

Dark brown, soil (98%) and medium stones (2%). Topsoil

03/0003 0.2-0.3m

Lighter brown, stone (95%), sand (4%) and soil (1%). Buried topsoil/disturbed subsoil mix

04/0004 0.3-0.4m

Soil (55%), Mortar/sand (40%) and stone (5%). Buried topsoil/disturbed subsoil mix

05/0005 0.4-0.5m

Soil (97%) and small and medium stones (3%). Buried topsoil/disturbed subsoil mix

06/0006 0.5-0.6m

Sandy light brown, clay (66%), soil (30%) and sand (10%). Buried topsoil/disturbed subsoil mix

07/0007 0.6-0.83m

Excavated sondage to find natural. Orange/light brown, clay (70%), sand (25%) and large stones (5%).


Test Pit 11 01/0001 0-0.1m

Topsoil. Topsoil.

02/0002 0.1-0.2m

Topsoil. Topsoil.

03/0003 0.2-0.3m

Layer taken off before reaching formation of structure. Dug at same time as context 0004.

Topsoil.

04/0004 0.3-0.4m

Layer taken off before reaching formation of structure. Excavated with context 0003.

Topsoil.

05/0005 0.4-0.5m

Brick structure between spits 4-5, possibly Tudor bricks on lime mortar.

Well set within topsoil. Appears to pre-date the late 19th century layout of the site though, as undercuts the old brick structure.

06/0006 0.5-0.6m

Greyish-orangish-brown soil outside of well. Buried topsoil/disturbed subsoil mix

0007 Well structure. Brick lined shaft, with a double course of bricks – mixed Tudor bricks and plain handmade bricks. Bonded with lime mortar,

Well.



Test Pit 14 01/0001 0-0.1m

Rich brown soil (90%) and small stones (10%) Topsoil.

02/0002 0.1-0.2m

Dark brown soil (90%) and small stones (10%) Topsoil.

03/0003 0.2-0.3m

Lighter brown soil (84%), medium stones (15%) and charcoal flecks (1%)


04/0004 0.3-0.4m

Light brown. Buried topsoil/disturbed subsoil mix

05/0005 0.4-0.5m

Light orange-brown. Buried topsoil/disturbed subsoil mix/interface with natural?

Test Pit 15 01/0001 0-0.1m

Green grass and then mid brown soil (95%) and small stones (5%). The grass surface was prepared and hence easily workable. However heavy and persistent rain fell after the turf removal causing the earth to coagulate and the sieving to become impossible.

Turf and topsoil.

02/0002 0.1-0.2m

Light brown soil (70%) and small-medium stones (30%). The going was difficult due to the stone, there was a concentration of charcoal to the east of the square but did not appear to be a cut.

Topsoil.

03/0003 0.2-0.3m

Mid brown soil (70%), clay (15%) and small-medium stones. The soil darkened to mid brown and became less stony. Excellent loam, more charcoal in evidence to the east but removed by the time 40cm depth was reached.

Topsoil.

04/0004 0.3-0.4m

Mid brown soil (70%), medium and large flints (15%), sand (10%) and clay (5%). The soil structure has changed. It is more difficult to work with, large unworked flint strewn across the site with a lightish patch in the middle of the eastern boundary. The lightish patch was sandy soil.

Topsoil.

05/0005 0.4-0.5m

Sandy brown clay (35%), sand (30%), stone (20%) and soil (15%).

Buried topsoil/disturbed subsoil mix?

Test Pit 16 01/0001 0-0.15m

Brown soil (60%), sand (30%) and small-large stones (10%). Topsoil.

02/0002 0.15-0.2m

Brown soil (83%), sand (10%) and small-medium stones (10%). Dark patches.

Topsoil.

03/0003 0.2-0.3m

Brown soil (83%), sand (10%) and stone (7%). One dark patch.

Topsoil.

04/0004 0.3-0.4m

Darker brown soil (85%), sand (10%) and small stones (5%). Buried topsoil.

05/0005 0.4-0.5m

Brown soil (83%), sand (15%) and stone (2%). No features. Disturbed subsoil.

06/0006 0.5-0.6m

Possible charcoal ring. Disturbed subsoil and charcoal.

Test Pit 19 01/0001 0-0.15m

Medium brown soil (95%) and stone (5%). Topsoil.

02/0002 0.15-0.2m

Soil (94.8%), small stones (5%) and charcoal (0.2%). Topsoil.

03/0003 0.2-0.3m

Soil (94.8%), small stones (5%) and charcoal (0.2%). Subsoil.

04/0004 0.3-0.4m

More sandy and stony (10%), charcoal flecks. Subsoil.

05/0005 0.4-0.5m

Sandy and medium stones (30%). Buried topsoil/disturbed subsoil mix/top of natural geology?



Test Pit 20 01/0001 0-0.15m

Dark brown and slightly orange soil (70%), stone (25%) and clay (5%). Just soil and stone in top layer, some fragments of brick.

Topsoil, mixed with subsoil.

02/0002 0.15-0.2m

Dark orange brown large stone (80%), soil (18%), sand (1%) and clay (1%). Hit natural at 20cm, mainly consisted of stone.

Subsoil/natural geology.

Primary school Test Pit 1 01/0001 0-0.1m

No details present. Topsoil?

02/0002 0.1-0.2m


Primary school Test Pit 2 01/0001 0-0.1m


02/0002 0.1-0.2m


Testpit Context Fabric name FormNo of sherds Comments Date range

TP101 01 Yellow ware BODY 1 tiny frag L18th-19th C01 01 Staffordshire white salt-glazed stoneware BOWL? 1 1720-178001 01 Refined white earthenware BODY 4 Plain 1800-1900+01 01 Refined white earthenware BODY 1 Moulded 1800-1900+01 01 Buffware JAR? 1 Possibly narrow mouthed jar, poss w yellowish surface wash Roman??

TP202 01 Medieval coarseware BODY 1 12th-14th C02 01 Glazed red earthenware BODY 1 16th-18th C02 01 Late post-med earthenware FLOP 1 18th-20th C02 01 Tin-glazed earthenware BODY 1 17th-18th C02 02 English stoneware BODY 1 17th-19th C02 02 Chinese porcelain BOWL? 1 Fine scroll decoration in orange red 17th-18th C02 02 Glazed red earthenware BODY 1 Abraded 16th-18th C02 02 Medieval coarseware BODY 1 L12th-14th C02 02 Late post-med earthenware FLOP 2 18th-20th C02 02 Refined white earthenware BODY 2 Blue and white 19th C 02 02 Refined white earthenware BODY 1 Annular rings 19th C02 02 Post-medieval redware BODY 1 16th-18th C02 03 Glazed red earthenware BODY 2 16th-18th C02 03 Late slipped redware BODY 1 Bowl fragment 18th-19th C02 03 English stoneware BODY 1 17th-19th C02 03 Refined white earthenware BODY 1 Green transfer printed ware 1825-190002 03 Creamware BODY 1 1740-188002 03 Porcelain BODY 1 17th-19th C02 03 Pearlware BODY 2 Moulded 1770-188002 03 Refined white earthenware BODY 4 19th C02 03 Unspecified colour coat BODY 1 Roman colour-coated vessel, poss an import from Central Gaul 2nd-4th C02 04 Medieval coarseware BODY 1 L12th-14th C02 04 Late post-med earthenware BODY 2 18th-20th C02 04 English stoneware BODY 1 17th-20th C02 04 Porcelain BODY 1 18th-20th C02 04 Creamware BODY 2 1740-188002 04 Ironstone china DISH 4 And bowl. Blue and white transfer printed 19th C02 04 Refined white earthenware DISH 7 And bowl. Dish with red and black banded dec 19th C02 05 Medieval coarseware CP/JAR 1 Rim of jar, probably from form with neckless rim - Colchster type 12th-14th C02 05 Late post-med earthenware FLOP 4 18th-20th C02 05 Creamware BODY 2 1740-188002 05 Porcelain BODY 3 1 moulded 17th-19th C02 05 Glazed red earthenware BODY 1 16th-18th C

Appendix 6. Pottery catalogue

02 05 Yellow ware BODY 1 L18th-19th C02 05 Ironstone china MUG? 1 Brown transfer printed ware, floral dec 1810-190002 05 English stoneware BODY 1 17th-20th C02 05 Pearlware CPT 3 Sponged rim of CPT? And fragment of dish 1770-188002 05 Transfer printed ware MUG 1 Probably children's mug, purple transfer printed ware 1848-190002 05 Pearlware DISH 4 Different vessels, 1 willow pattern border 1770-188002 05 Refined white earthenware DISH 1 Dish with red band as in context 4 19th C02 05 Bone china BOWL? 15 Several vessels, one with gold line around rim 1794-190002 06 Creamware BODY 4 Includes footring 1740-188002 06 Porcelain BODY 1 Moulded, probably bowl 17th-19th C02 06 Ironstone china BODY 6 Blue sponged ware + one other vessel seen in other contexts in TP2 1810-190002 06 English stoneware BODY 1 17th-20th C02 06 Ironstone china DISH 4 Blue and white transfer printed wares 19th C02 06 Transfer printed ware MUG 2 Probably children's mug, purple transfer printed ware, animals 1848-190002 06 Refined white earthenware MUG 3 Sponged red rim dec + base of plain frag 19th C02 06 Refined white earthenware DISH 2 Dish with red band as in context 4 19th C02 06 Bone china BOWL? 11 Several vessels, one with gold line around rim, could be just REFW but cup handle BONE 1794-190002 06 Pearlware RIM 1 Rope effect rim 1770-188002 06 Glazed red earthenware BODY 2 Thick body sherds, added later 16th-18th C02 06 Late post-med earthenware FLOP 1 18th-120th C02 06 Medieval coarseware BODY 1 Large body sherd, oxid ext margins, sandy fab, prob 13th-14th C 13th-14th C02 07 Iron glazed redware BODY 1 Very abraded 16th-18th C02 07 Glazed red earthenware BODY 1 Very abraded 16th-18th C02 07 English stoneware BODY 1 Part of bottle 17th-20th C02 07 Nottinghamshire type stonewares BODY 3 1700-180002 07 Yellow ware BOWL 2 L18th-19th C02 07 Late post-med earthenware FLOP 3 18th-20th C02 07 Pearlware CPT 3 1770-188002 07 Ironstone china DISH 11 blue and white dec, and willow pattern, more than one vessel 1800-1900+02 07 Pearlware DISH? 1 Base 1770-188002 07 Transfer printed ware BODY 1 brown stipple, floral 1810-190002 07 Refined white earthenware DISH 2 Crenallated rim shape 19th C+02 07 Creamware BODY 1 Blue with applied strip 1740-188002 07 Ironstone china BODY 5 Plain white 1800-190002 07 Refined bone china BASE 9 Plain white, ?bone china, some with gold line 1794-1900

TP505 02 Refined white earthenware BODY 1 19th C+05 02 Creamware BODY 1 Mocha banded & glazed wall tile 1780-190005 03 English stoneware BODY 1 17th-20th C05 03 Glazed red earthenware BODY 4 16th-18th C05 03 English stoneware BOWL 1 Fragment from mixing bowl 17th-20th C05 03 Late post-med earthenware FLOP 1 Base 18th-20th C05 03 Creamware BODY 1 Annular, banded 1780-188005 03 Tin-glazed earthenware BODY 1 Blue and white 17th-18th C05 03 Ironstone china BODY 7 1800-1900+

05 03 Refined white earthenware B0DY 2 1800-190005 04 Staffordshire white salt-glazed stoneware BODY 1 1720-178005 04 Creamware BODY 1 TPW Red 1848-188005 04 English stoneware BOTT 1 17th-20th C+05 04 Raeren stoneware DJUG 1 Frilly base of drinking vessel L15th-16th C05 04 Dutch-type redware BODY 1 15th-17th C05 04 Iron glazed blackware BODY 1 16TH-18TH c 05 05 Creamware BODY 1 Corrugated pale blue, seen in another contexty 1740-188005 05 Medieval coarseware BODY 1 Base sherd L12th-14th C05 05 Post-medieval redware BODY 1 16th-18th C05 06 Colchester type ware BODY 1 L13th-M16th C05 07 Refined white earthenware BODY 1 Rilled pale blue glaze ext 19th C+

TP707 01 Glazed red earthenware BODY 2 16th-18th C07 01 Yellow ware BODY 1 Investigate this fab L18th-19th C07 01 Refined white earthenware BODY 1 1800-1900+07 01 Brown-glazed whiteware BODY 1 18th-20th C07 01 Ironstone china BODY 2 Transfer printed ware, green 1825-190007 02 Creamware BODY 2 Bright blue in, white ext, seen elsewhere 1740-188007 02 Yellow ware BOWL? 1 L18th-19th C07 02 Ironstone china BODY 6 Blue and white 1800-1900+07 02 Creamware BODY 1 1740-188007 03 Creamware BODY 2 Bright blue in, white ext, seen elsewhere 1740-1880

TP808 01 Nottinghamshire type stonewares JUG? 5 18th C08 01 Late post-med earthenware FLOP 1 18th-20th C08 01 Late post-med earthenware BODY 2 18th-20th C08 01 Pearlware BODY 1 Fluted 1770-185008 01 Ironstone china BODY 4 Transfer printed ware, blue and white 1800-190008 01 Ironstone china BODY 3 Transfer printed ware, black 1800-190008 01 Yellow ware BODY 1 L18th-19th C08 01 Ironstone china BOWL? 1 1800-190008 01 Pearlware BOWL? 1 Small footring 1770-185008 01 Pearlware? BODY 1 Red banded 1770-188008 01 English stoneware staffordshire type BODY 2 Applied sprigs L17th-M18th C08 01 Ironstone china BODY 5 Plain frags 1800-190008 01 Refined white earthenware BOWL 2 19th C+08 01 Ironstone china BODY 4 Blue and white 1800-190908 01 Glazed red earthenware PIP 1 Large sherd, glazed internally 16th-18th C08 02 Creamware BODY 4 Annular creamware, pale blue bands 1740-188008 02 Ironstone china BOWL 3 Blue and white 1800-1900+08 02 Late slipped redware BODY 2 18th-19th C08 02 Pearlware BODY 2 Willow pattern, Trnasfer printed ware 1770-185008 02 Ironstone china BOWL 1 Blue and white transfer printed ware 1800-1900+08 02 English lustreware SAUC? 1 Probably Sunderland lustreware 1800-190008 02 Ironstone china BOWL 1 Blue and white transfer printed ware 1800-1900+08 02 Refined white earthenware BOWL? 1 Orange TPW overglaze 19th C+

08 02 Yellow ware BOWL LARGE 3 L18th-19th C08 02 Brown-glazed whiteware BODY 1 18th-20th C08 02 Ironstone china and refined earthenware BODY 17 Transfer printed ware, some black 1810+08 03 Nottinghamshire type stonewares BOTT/JAR 1 Base sherd? 1700-180008 03 English stoneware BODY 1 Internal encrustation 17th-20th C08 03 Glazed red earthenware BODY 1 16th-18th C08 03 Post-medieval redware BODY 4 16th-18th C08 03 Ironstone China BODY 4 Black transfer printed ware and 1 cup handle 1800-1900+08 03 Creamware JAR SMALL 1 With blue band 1740-188008 03 Ironstone china BASe 1 Blue and white transfer printed ware, dish base? 1800-190008 03 Glazed red earthenware BODY 1 16th-18th C08 03 Refined white earthenware BODY 3 And base - 1 with small footring 19th C+08 03 Staffordshire slipware BODY 1 1650-180008 03 Yellow ware BOWL 1 L18th-19th C08 03 Post-medieval redware BODY 1 16th-18th C08 03 Refined white earthenware BODY 1 Moulded 19th C+08 03 Ironstone china BODY 6 Blue and white transfer printed ware 1800-190008 03 Staffordshire manganese BASE 1 Footring L17th-18th C08 04 Glazed red earthenware BODY 5 Most from storage vessel or jar 16th-18th C08 04 Late medieval and transitional ware BODY 1 15th-16th C08 04 Pearlware BASE 2 Plain joining base sherd from ?cylindrical jar 1740-188008 04 Ironstone china DISH 3 Blue and white, transfer printed ware 1800-190008 04 Transfer printed ware BODY 1 Black 18th-20th C08 04 Late slipped redware BODY 1 18th-19th C08 04 Refined white earthenware BODY 1 Pink and green stipple internally 19th C+08 04 Nottinghamshire type stonewares BODY 1 18th C08 04 Pearlware BODY 1 V abraded 1740-188008 04 Refined white earthenware BODY 1 Burnt? 19th C+08 04 Glazed red earthenware BASE 1 Thumbed jug base… prob 16th C 16th-18th C08 04 Glazed red earthenware PIP 3 16th-18th C08 04 Glazed red earthenware? BODY 1 External surface almost comp gone 16th-18th C08 04 Late medieval and transitional ware LID? 1 15th-16th C08 04 Late medieval and transitional ware CAUL/JAR 1 Cauldron or jar rim with pouring lip 15th-16th C08 04 English stoneware staffordshire type JAR? 1 Iron glazed small jar? L17th-M18th C08 05 Glazed red earthenware BODY 2 16th-18th C08 05 Pearlware DISH 2 Blue and white foliate decoration 1740-188008 05 Glazed red earthenware BODY 2 Different vessels, 1 sooted base 16th-18th C08 05 Post-medieval redware BOWL? 2 16th-18th C08 05 Colchester type ware BODY 1 13th-M16th C08 05 Late medieval and transitional ware BODY 1 15th-16th C08 05 Dutch type slipware? BOWL 2 Horizontal handle L16th-17th C08 06 Glazed red earthenware PANCH 4 16th-18th C08 06 Late medieval and transitional ware BODY 1 15th-16th C08 06 Colchester slipware BODY 2 15th-16th C08 06 Yellow ware CPT 11 Banded chamberpot with blue mocha L18th-19th C08 06 Pearlware DISH 2 Transfer printed ware, blue and white 1770-185008 06 Ironstone china BOWL 2 Blue and white 1800-190008 06 Ironstone china BODY 2 Transfer printed ware, blue and white 1800-190008 06 Glazed red earthenware PIP? 1 Tubular rod handle from pipkin? 15th-16th C

08 07 Late post-med earthenware FLOP 2 Flower pot with iron object in base 18th-20th 08 07 Pearlware JUG 2 Blue and white, vine leaf dec 1770-185008 07 Ironstone china BOWL 1 1800-1900+08 07 Banded creamware BOWL? 6 Annular with blue/white bands and white ?paint in base. Footring, same vessel as in context 6 1780-190008 07 Colchester slipped ware CIST? 5 Colchester type slipware, prob cistern or squat jug, Cotter suggests date c1475-1550 14th-15th C08 07 Colchester slipped ware BODY 2 2 joining, slipped and glazed, reduced core 14th-15th C08 07 Colchester type ware JUG 1 Large sherd, thumbing for strap handle, Cheam whiteware copy? 13th-M16th C08 07 Late colchester type ware JUG/CIST 3 Thick reduced base sherds 14th-15th C08 07 Late colchester type ware JUG 1 Squat jug rim, see Cotter 128 L15th-16th C08 07 Late colchester type ware STRAIN/COL 1 Perforated fragment, either strainer or colander, see Cotter 155 L15th-16th C08 07 Late colchester type ware BODY 4 Part of possible chafing dish, small slipped frag. 15th-E16th C

TP909 02 Pearlware DISH 1 Blue and white transfer printed ware 1770-1850

TP1010 02 Creamware BODY 1 1740-188010 02 Staffs salt-glazed stoneware BODY 1 1720-8010 02 Porcelain TCUP 1 Miniature tea cup, green floral dec 18th-20th C10 02 Ironstone china BODY 1 Blue and white transfer printed ware 1800-190010 02 Ironstone china BODY 2 Plain white 1800-190010 02 Late post-med earthenware PLANT POT 1 18th-20th C10 02 Glazed red earthenware? BODY 2 16th-18th C10 02 Medieval coarseware BODY 1 L12th-14th C10 03 Glazed red earthenware BODY 1 16th-18th C10 03 Iron glazed blackware BODY 1 16th-18th C10 03 Ironstone china BODY 1 Transfer printed ware, brown 1810-190010 04 Ironstone china BASE 2 1800-1900+10 04 Creamware BODY 5 1740-188010 04 Ironstone china BODY 9 Some blue and white transfer printed ware 1800-1900+10 04 Refined white earthenware BODY 2 Plain 1800-190010 04 Glazed red earthenware BODY 3 16th-18th C10 04 Post-medieval redware FLOP 2 16th-18th C10 04 Iron glazed blackware MUG/TYG 1 Small rod handle 16th-17th C10 04 English stoneware BODY 1 17th-20th C10 04 Staffordshire white salt-glazed stoneware BODY 1 1720-8010 04 Creamware BODY 11 Plain 1740-188010 04 Ironstone china BODY 4 1800-190010 04 Transfer printed ware BODY 7 Blue and white 1800-190010 04 Refined white earthenware BODY 310 05 Post-medieval redware BODY 2 16th-18th C10 05 Colchester slipped BODY 1 15th-16th C10 05 Glazed red earthenware BODY 2 16th-18th C 10 05 Iron glazed blackware BODY 1 16th-18th C 10 05 Creamware BODY 1 1740-188010 05 Refined white earthenware BODY 2 1800-1900+10 05 Nottinghamshire type stonewares BODY 1 18th C10 05 Pearlware BODY 1 1770-185010 06 Glazed red earthenware BODY 2 16th-18th C

10 06 Staffordshire white salt-glazed stoneware CHT? 1 1800-190010 06 Staffordshire white salt-glazed stoneware MUG? 1 1720-80

TP1111 01 English stoneware BODY 1 17th-19th C11 01 Late post-med earthenware FLOP 4 18th-20th C11 01 Glazed red earthenware BODY 2 16th-18th C11 01 Refined white earthenware DISH 1 Plain 19th C+11 01 Glazed red earthenware DISH 1 Slipped, check out fabric 16th-18th C11 01 Creamware BOWL? 1 Or saucer, polychrome 1740-188011 02 Westerwald stoneware BASE 1 Cobalt blue, chamber pot? 1600-180011 02 Glazed red earthenware BOWL? 2 16th-18th C11 02 Late post-med earthenware FLOP 5 18th-20th 11 02 Ironstone china BODY 2 Black transfer printed ware 1810-190011 02 Refined white earthenware BOWL 1 Fluted bowl 1800-190011 02 Creamware BODY 1 1740-188011 02 Late slipped redware BODY 1 19th-20th C11 03/04 Late post-med earthenware FLOP 6 18th-20th C11 03/04 Sunderland slipware DISH 1 1800-190011 03/04 English stoneware BOTT 1 17th-20th C11 03/04 Nottinghamshire type stonewares BOWL? 1 1700-180011 03/04 Late slipped redware BOWL 1 18th-19th C11 03/04 Glazed red earthenware BOWL 1 16th-18th C11 03/04 Glazed red earthenware BOWL/JAR 2 16th-18th C11 03/04 Creamware BODY 2 1740-188011 03/04 Pearlware PLATE? 1 Transfer printed ware, bw willow pattern. 1770-185011 03/04 Creamware BODY 1 Blue outside, white inside 1740-188011 03/04 Ironstone china BODY 4 Transfer printed ware, B&W 1800-190011 03/04 Ironstone china DISH 1 Transfer printed ware, B&W, willow pattern 1800-190011 03/04 Ironstone china BODY 9 1800-190011 03/04 Creamware BODY 1 Blue banded 1740-188011 03/04 Ironstone china MUG? 1 1800-190011 03/04 Refined white earthenware BOWL 1 Gold bands internally 19th C+11 03/04 Refined white earthenware BODY 10 7 plain, 1 blue foliate 19th C+11 03/04 Porcelain BODY 1 Plain 17th-20th C11 03/04 English stoneware BODY 1 17th-20th C11 05 English stoneware BOTT 2 Top part of blacking bottle 17th-20th C11 05 Pearlware JUG 1 ?Frag of cream jug with floral dec 1770-185011 05 Ironstone china BODY 2 1800-190011 05 Yellow ware BODY 1 L18th-19th C11 05 Westerwald stoneware BODY 1 Could be Staffordshire stoneware 17th-18th C11 07 Glazed red earthenware BOWL 2 Abraded, small bowl 16th-18th C11 07 Staffordshire combed slipware BOWL 2 Heavily sooted beneath the rim 1650-180011 07 Mocha ware BOWL 1 1780-190011 07 Lustreware MUG 1 1800-190011 07 Creamware BOWL SMALL 1 With red internal dec 1740-188011 07 Refined white earthenware BOWL SMALL 4 With daven(port) stmaped in green on base and delicate floral dec 19th C11 07 Yellow ware BOWL DEEP 1 L18th-19th C11 07 Pearlware DISH/PLATE 1 Blue 'feather' on edge 1770-1880

11 07 English stoneware BODY 6 Prob from storage vessels 17th-20th C11 07 Pearlware BOWL PUNCH? 5 Large footring, blue & white TPW - Indian Temples EKB on reverse 1770-188011 07 Pearlware BASE 1 Blue and white 1770-188011 07 Ironstone china DISH 1 TPW B&W 1800-190011 07 Pearlware BODY 1 TPW base 1770-188011 07 Ironstone china BODY 4 Misc sherds, Blue and white 1800-190011 07 Creamware JAR? 1 Plain 1740-188011 07 Creamware BOWL? 1 1740-188011 07 Ironstone china BOWL 7 Plain white 1800-190011 07 Nottinghamshire type stonewares BODY 1 18th C11 07 Transfer printed ware JUG? 4 Poss creamjug, floral dec on rim L18th-19th C11 07 Creamware BOWL 1 1740-188011 07 Refined white earthenware BODY 1 19th C11 07 Porcelain BODY 1 With orange floral dec 17th-20th C

TP1414 01 Late post-med earthenware BODY 2 18th-20th 14 01 Colchester-type ware BODY 1 13th-M16th C14 01 Glazed red earthenware BODY 2 Includes 1 very worn rim fragment 16th-18th C14 01 Ironstone china BODY 1 1800-1900+14 01 Creamware BODY 4 1740-188014 02 Mocha ware BODY 1 1780-190014 02 Creamware BODY 3 1740-188014 02 London-type stoneware BODY 1 17th-19th C14 02 Ironstone china BODY 4 1800-190014 02 Refined white earthenware BASE 1 19th C+14 02 Medieval coarseware? JUG? 1 possible rod handle from jug?? 13th-14th C14 03 Glazed red earthenware BODY 6 16th-18th C14 03 Ironstone china BODY 1 Blue and white transfer printed ware 1800-1900+14 03 Creamware BODY 2 1740-188014 03 Black stoneware and basalts BODY 1 L18th-20th C14 04 Glazed red earthenware BODY 1 16th-18th C14 04 Late post-med earthenware BODY 2 17th-20th C14 04 Colchester-type ware BODY 2 16th-18th C14 04 Late post-med earthenware BODY 4 18th-20th

TP1515 02 Iron glazed blackware BODY 1 16th-18th C15 02 Refined white earthenware CUP? 1 1800-1900+15 02 Ironstone china BODY 1 1800-1900+15 02 Porcelain BODY 1 18th-20th C15 03 Ironstone china BODY 1 Plain 1800-1900+15 03 Banded creamware BOWL 1 1780-190015 03 Black stoneware and basalts BODY 1 L18th-20th C

TP1616 01 Glazed red earthenware BODY 1 16th-18th C16 01 Medieval coarseware BODY 1 L12th-14th C16 01 Glazed red earthenware PIP 1 Pipkin foot, very abraded 16th-18th C

16 02 Staffordshire combed slipware DISH 1 L17th-18th C16 02 Yellow ware BODY 1 L18th-19th C16 02 Creamware BODY 1 1740-188016 02 Flint-tempered ware BODY 1 Abraded body sherd of prehistoric flint-tempered pottery Prehistoric 16 03 Ironstone china BODY 1 1800-1900+16 03 Medieval coarseware BODY 1 Base sherd L12th-14th C16 03 Medieval coarseware BODY 1 L12th-14th C16 06 Medieval coarseware BODY 1 Sooted. Quartz,grey core & reddish brown margins - ?Mile End/Gt Horksley Essex? L12th-14th C

TP1919 01 English stoneware BODY 1 Storage vessel 17th-20th C19 01 Iron glazed blackware BODY 1 16th-18th C19 01 Late post-med earthenware FLOP 3 18th-20th C19 01 Glazed red earthenware BODY 1 16th-18th C19 01 Red stoneware TPOT? 1 Red stoneware, cream band and green slip 1730-178019 01 Ironstone china DISH 1 Blue and white 1800-190019 01 Ironstone china BODY 6 Plain white abraded 1800-190119 01 Yellow ware BODY 2 L18th-19th C19 01 Refined white earthenware BOWL? 2 1 with slight floral dec 19th C+19 01 Creamware BODY 2 Bright blue in, white ext, seen elsewhere 1740-188019 01 Ironstone china BODY 4 Blue and white 1800-190019 01 Refined white earthenware BODY 1 Brown ext 19th C+19 01 Late post-med earthenware FLOP 3 18th-20th C19 01 Glazed red earthenware BODY 1 16th-18th C19 01 Staffordshire combed slipware BODY 1 L17th-18th C19 01 Transfer printed ware BODY 5 Blue and white, 1 green L17th-18th C19 01 Refined white earthenware BODY 8 Small chips of plain industrially produced china 19th C19 01 Creamware BODY 1 1740-188019 01 Glazed red earthenware BODY 2 Includes bowl or jar rim 16th-18th C19 01 Late post-med earthenware FLOP 4 18th-20th C19 01 Porcelain MUG? 2 b&w, and one plain 17th-19th C19 01 Creamware BODY 1 1740-188019 01 Banded creamware BODY 1 1780-190019 01 Transfer printed ware BODY 4 1780-190019 01 Refined white earthenware BODY 9 1 with slight floral dec 19th C+

67

91 01 English stoneware JAR 1 17th-20th C91 01 Creamware BODY 2 1740-188091 01 Ironstone china BODY 3 1800-1900+91 01 Colchester slipware BODY 191 01 Porcelain BODY 1 17th-20th C91 01 Late post-med earthenware BODY 1 18th-20th C91 02 Late post-med earthenware FLOP 4 18th-20th C91 02 Local early post-med ware BODY 1 16th C91 02 Pearlware BODY 1 Blue and white dec 1770-188091 02 Porcelain BODY 1 Plain white 18th-20th C91 02 Refined white earthenware BODY 1 Plain 19th C+

Primary School TP 1

92 01 Creamware BOWL 1 Annular, pale blue external line 1740-188092 01 Yellow ware BOWL 1 L18th-19th C92 01 English stoneware BODY 1 17th-19th C92 01 Staffordshire salt glazed stoneware BASE 1 1720-178092 01 Refined white earthenware BODY 6 19th C+92 01 Refined white earthenware DISH? 1 19th C+92 01 Black stoneware and basalts BODY 1 Rouletted band 1770-190092 02 Nottinghamshire type stonewares BOWL 2 1700-180092 02 English stoneware BODY 1 17th-20th C92 02 Refined white earthenware BODY 1 Blue and white 1800-1900+92 02 Glazed red earthenware BODY 1 16th-18th C92 02 Creamware BODY 1 1740-188092 02 Ironstone china BODY 1 1800-1900+92 02 Ironstone china BODY 1 Blue and white - also 1 clay pipe with spur & 1 stem 1800-1900+

Other93 (116) 01 (02) Medieval coarseware BODY 1 Sand with fine silver mica. Buff ext margin & darker grey core L12th-14th C93 (116) 01 (02) Medieval coarseware BODY 1 Med coarse sandy w grey core & red margins with sparse red ?clay pellets L12th-14th C93 02 Dutch-type redware BODY 1 15th-17th C93 02 Medieval coarseware BODY 1 Abraded L12th-14th C93 02 Ironstone china BODY 1 Blue and white TPW 1800-1900

Primary School TP 2

carujc

Typewritten Text

Roman and medieval pottery in red text

carujc

Typewritten Text

Appendix 7. Bulk finds catalogu

ContextNumber

PotteryCount

PotteryWeight

CBMCount

CBMWeight

Plaster/Mortar Count

Plaster/MortarWeight

Fired Clay Count

Fired Clay Weight

Clay Pipe Count

Clay Pipe Weight

Iron Nails Count

Iron Nails Weight

0101 9 16 27 149 3 250201 4 9 17 109 1 1 4 100202 10 20 5 170203 14 37 97 540 5 62 1 2 17 1620204 18 77 129 1871 8 127 1 1 22 1010205 39 254 130 1476 2 40206 39 292 59 196 1 3 1 50207 43 189 8 342 4 12 10 3910502 3 70503 16 81 5 74 5 62 1 1 2 100504 7 90 11 173 4 7 9 540505 3 43 6 580506 1 5 2 270507 1 2 1 180701 7 38 1 590702 10 26 10 4040703 2 5 13 765 1 300704 5 678 1 20801 45 152 20 5270802 37 106 4 501 1 8 1 320803 32 154 4 124 1 17 2 120804 28 455 1 214 1 7 3 20 3 340805 17 441 3 154 3 23 2 300806 27 1073 3 1089 1 51 3 170807 28 765 5 678 1 20901 1 32 4 190902 2 8 6 47 1 231002 10 39 38 873 7 260 1 4 4 241003 3 7 10 400 1 4 3 141004 51 222 8 223 4 84 2 3 5 161005 11 69 2 181 2 831006 4 23 1 21101 9 79 30 884 8 69 2 241102 13 57 43 1123 5 88 2 6 7 103

Clay Pipe Iron NailsPottery CBM Plaster/Mortar Fired Clay

e

carujc

Typewritten Text

carujc

Typewritten Text

carujc

Typewritten Text

Context Number

Pottery Count

Pottery Weight

CBM Count

CBM Weight

Plaster/ Mortar Count

Plaster/ Mortar Weight

Fired Clay Count

Fired Clay Weight

Clay Pipe Count

Clay Pipe Weight

Iron Nails Count

Iron Nails Weight

1103 47 398 25 1141 2 941105 7 154 3 1601107 48 1219 7 57951401 10 27 21 1771402 11 27 55 153 1 281403 10 17 28 322 11404 9 26 46 414 1 61502 4 5 17 158 1 201503 3 14 562 1 201601 3 42 21 10751602 4 15 11 134 1 111603 3 21 12 1171604 29 227 1 51606 1 6 1 421901 23 72 15 303 8 861902 20 47 3 48 1 2 4 201903 23 50 32 295 2 3 6 411904 2 16 10 78 12001 18 229101 9 35 19 245 2 69102 10 38 10 188 2 1 59201 16 35 44 757 2 129202 10 35 40 708 2 5 3 419301 3 5

Clay Pipe Iron NailsPottery CBM Plaster/Mortar Fired Clay

Context Number Slag Count

Slag Weight

PMed Glass Bottle Count

PMed Glass Bottle Weight

PMed Glass

Window Count

PMed Glass

Window Weight

Worked Flint Count

Worked Flint

WeightBurnt Flint

CountBurnt Flint

Weight

Animal Bone Count

Animal Bone

Weight0101 1 2 9 20 1 140201 4 9 7 6 3 40202 2 8 13 16 2 6 2 5 2 30203 12 45 10 17 2 3 4 60204 8 23 21 50 1 2 1 2 4 150205 2 8 22 262 37 66 3 4 5 170206 12 49 27 55 1 2 1 100207 14 41 3 132 10 2905020503 1 10504 1 230505 1 23050605070701 1 1600702 3 16 1 1 2 110703 1 560704 1 18 8 720801 4 16 9 15 1 30802 9 900803 3 7 11 32 5 530804 1 37 2 18 2 12 1 15 6 560805 2 1008 4 420806 1 2 2 6 1 20807 1 18 8 720901 1 10 2 60902 1 541002 1 5 2 5 1 55 2 361003 2 16 2 5 11004 3 9 3 3 5 121005 2 18 1 6 3 51006 3 1111011102 2 9 1 11103 1 22 1 3 4 581105 2 89

Animal BoneWorked Flint Burnt FlintSlag PMed Bottle Glass PMed Window Glass

Context Number Slag Count

Slag Weight

PMed Glass Bottle Count

PMed Glass Bottle Weight

PMed Glass

Window Count

PMed Glass

Window Weight

Worked Flint Count

Worked Flint

WeightBurnt Flint

CountBurnt Flint

Weight

Animal Bone Count

Animal Bone

Weight1107 2 23 1 191401 6 121402 4 18 1 1 2 221403 1 341404 1 2 1 21502 2 24 1 21503 2 2 6 781601 2 41602 2 78 116031604 3 191606 1 31 1 31901 9 381902 1 2 3 29 1 31903 1 219042001 1 199101 2 4 1 2 1 49102 2 3 2 5 179201 5 409202 1 5 1 239301

Worked Flint Burnt Flint Animal BoneSlag PMed Bottle Glass PMed Window Glass

Context Number

Shell Count

Shell Weight Notes

Context Number

Shell Count

Shell Weight Notes

0101 1101 Med and Pmed CBM0201 Pmed CBM 1102 Med and Pmed CBM

0202 1 1 1103

Pmed and mod CBM. Combination of finds from 1103 and 1104.

0203 Pmed+ CBM 1105 1 1 Pmed CBM

0204 Pmed CBM 1107Pmed CBM - whole brick pre-1850

0205 Pmed CBM 1404 Pmed CBM0206 Pmed CBM 1502 Pmed CBM0207 1503 Med and Pmed CBM0502 1601 Pmed CBM

0503 Pmed CBM 1602 ?Lmed and Pmed CBM0504 Pmed CBM 1603 1 x ?Rom and Pmed

05051 x Lmed and Pmed CBM 1604 Med and Pmed CBM

0506 Pmed CBM 1606 1 3 Pmed CBM

0507Pmed/Modern CBM 1901

All ?Pmed CBM - too dirty to ID

0701 1 Pmed CBM 1902 ?Pmed CBM

0702Med and Pmed CBM 1903

Pmed+ CBM - too dirty to ID

0703Med and Pmed CBM 1904

?Rom x 1 and Pmed CBM

0704 4 12 2001?Pmed CBM - too dirty to ID

0801 2 1 9101 2 2 Pmed and modern CBM

0802 3 2

Pmed and 18th/19th C CBM 9102 1 x med and Pmed CBM

0803 4 61x ?med and Pmed CBM 9201

?Med and Pmed CBM - too dirty to ID

0804 Pmed/Mod CBM 9202 3 x med and Pmed CBM

0805 3 4Med and Pmed CBM 9301

0806 6 22Pmed and mod CBM

0807 4 12

0901?Pmed CBM - too dirty to ID

0902


1003 4 5Pmed and modern CBM


ShellShell

Appendix 8. Post-medieval pottery and CBM levels

Test Pit Pot sherdsAverage pot sherds per spit CBM pieces

Average CBM pieces per spit Spits

TP1 7 3.5 25 12.5 2TP2 160 22.85714286 440 62.85714286 7TP5 30 4.285714286 24 3.428571429 7TP7 19 4.75 25 6.25 4TP8 180 30 30 5 6TP9 1 0.25 7 1.75 4TP10 78 11.14285714 59 8.428571429 7TP11 124 24.8 90 18 5TP14 39 7.8 140 28 5TP15 7 1.4 15 3 5TP16 6 1 55 9.166666667 6TP19 67 13.4 77 15.4 5PSTP1 17 8.5 28 14 2PSTP2 20 10 80 40 2

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

TP1TP2

TP5TP7

TP8TP9

TP10TP11

TP14TP15

TP16TP19

PSTP1

PSTP2

Num

ber o

f pie

ces

Average potsherds perspit

AverageCBM piecesper spit

Archaeological services Field Projects Team Delivering a full range of archaeological services

Desk-based assessments and advice

Site investigation

Outreach and educational resources

Historic Building Recording

Environmental processing

Finds analysis and photography

Graphics design and illustration

Contact:

Rhodri Gardner Tel: 01473 265879 [email protected] www.suffolk.gov.uk/Environment/Archaeology/

carujc

Typewritten Text

community test pitting, stoke-by-naylandsuffolkarchaeology.co.uk/expanse/uploads...plate 22. soil...

Documents