Community Recovery Planning – New York

APA Conference; May 9, 2017

Lawrence Frank Atkins North America Barry Hokanson

22 May 2017 1

What is a disaster? • Extraordinary event that disrupts a

city or area’s equilibrium; caused by different sources

• Causes damage; people’s lives and health at risk

• Disruption = lost time and lost opportunity

• Loss of confidence in the city

22 May 2017 2

What is a disaster? So what is a response? Or recovery? • Undo the damage? Return to normal? Better than before?

What is better? • What was lost? What can be gained? • Where are the hidden opportunities? • How long before success is realized – it may not look like much

2 years post but 10 year later it could be a very big success (timeframe)

22 May 2017 3

Silver Lining? - Unique Opportunities Characteristics of disasters that help communities advance forward with resiliency:

• Accelerate plans to redevelop

• Need to rebuild damaged structures

• Availability of federal / state / private resources to rebuild

• “Teachable moment” (reverse is disaster amnesia)

• Chance to retain knowledgeable staff that build on lessons learned and better institutionalize resiliency

• Likely to produce an unprecedented focus on community, availability of resources and attention paid by residents – how to leverage it

22 May 2017 4

Significant Challenges in Recovery

• Rush to rebuild “as was”

• Hardship in terms of safety, time, logistics and cost

• Huge burden of cleanup (time / energy / funding)

• Severe disruption of services, infrastructure and displacement of people

22 May 2017 5

Significant Challenges in Recovery

• Many activities occurring at the same time

• Lack of information to guide rebuild

• “Fog of War” confusion – contradictory guidance, rumors, lack of information, etc.

22 May 2017 6

How do we approach it? • Hedge against these issues – prior planning and

coordination (act of planning itself) • Balance between rapid recovery and consideration for

rebuild o Faster and more efficient recovery o Build back better

• Find your local champions / advance community’s vision • What are common characteristics of a successful

recovery….

22 May 2017 7

Question How do we determine local and community needs?

22 May 2017 8

Question In a recovery, how do we choose between getting people back into their homes, re-opening closed schools, infrastructure rebuilt or rebuilding a critical economic generator (e.g., a boardwalk in a beach community) if time and resources constrain simultaneous work? 22 May 2017 9

Question Often the news shows the military and emergency managers leading a recovery. What is the planner’s role in a recovery?

22 May 2017 10

Unique Planning Opportunity

22 May 2017 11

Source: article by Olshansky, 2006 (p.153)

“Post-disaster recovery is all about urban planning. This is not an area that we can leave to emergency managers, engineers, architects, the military, insurers, or bankers. Recovery, like planning, is all about creating livable, sustainable place for people to live and work. The fact that it takes places under extreme circumstances, and demands rapid action with severely constrained resources, requires the expertise that planners have to offer.”

Below the surface factors People issues – beyond engineering & intricate plans • PSYCHOLOGICAL

– Visuals - e.g., scrub out or paint over high water marks – Ear to the ground - what are your friends and neighbors doing? – Don’t underestimate how much people identify with their community - plant the

flag around important anchors and rally – Change is coming – embrace it – Welcome new faces and new ideas – Many meetings, processes and visits by teams will occur – BE PATIENT! – If the vision is sound, stay with it! Stay the course. Avoid second-guessing.

• FINANCIAL – From company’s perspective – is this a good place to re-invest? – Is your job going to be there? 22 May 2017 12

Key points for consideration in recovery

Identify risk and unmet needs – decision points • Obtain resources • Substantial changes / retain institutional knowledge / capacity building (not

just a one-off event) • Some level of public engagement / continue it • Risk reduction/rebuilding and/or co-benefits (economics/environmental) –

incorporate mitigation into rebuilding • Local and regional approach – select appropriate economic development

approach

22 May 2017 13

Key points for consideration

Identify risk and unmet needs – decision points (cont.) • Use disaster information for higher risk management standards • Grey versus green infrastructure / natural resources • Restore ‘as was’ or new vision • Pre-planning existent? – either a redevelopment plan (not just recovery),

master plan, etc.

22 May 2017 14

Key points for consideration in recovery

Identify risk and unmet needs – decision points (cont.) • Identify specific strategies, projects and policies • Obtain necessary resources and implement • Focus on restoring a few key anchors and critical infrastructure in the

community • Housing, small businesses • Vulnerable populations

22 May 2017 15

Question How can a community at considerable risk to natural hazards, but has not experienced a large disaster in at least 30 years, still do pre-planning to prepare for one? 22 May 2017 16

Use of Technology

22 May 2017 17

Technology is an essential tool to help decision-makers chart a course to better understand their risk and assist on all fronts.

ARC Population Projection

Parcel-scale growth forecasting

SFWMD WCS Tracker Tool

Real time water budgets over South Florida

Climate Science-based approach to forecasting local storm activity

Merges general circulation model projections of global climate change with

historical rainfall data.

BMP Designer Residents design their

own stormwater controls around Lake Tahoe

Use of Technology

22 May 2017 18

Comprehensive city planning tools that projects city growth and future risk to storms. .

Question In a recovery, do we have time for innovative approaches?

22 May 2017 19

Summary of Recovery Approaches in Different States to Different Hazards • FLOOD – two towns in Wisconsin • TORNADO - Greensburg, KS • DROUGHT / WILDFIRE / FLOOD - Colorado Springs • HURRICANE / Storm Surge - New York Community

Reconstruction Planning • HURRICANE / Inland Flooding & Extreme Rainfall - North

Carolina Resilient Redevelopment Planning

22 May 2017 20

A tale of two Wisconsin towns

22 May 2017 21

Darlington, WI Save the Downtown • Downtown business district

near river • Could not elevate building but

did elevate floors within buildings

Relocate Industrial Uses • Removed an industrial park in

the floodplain to a location outside floodplain

Gays Mills, WI Relocated the city’s commercial district out of the floodplain

Photo source: Royalbroil

Greensburg, KC

Completely wiped out by a tornado Complete reinvention to a green city • Greatest concentration of LEED certified buildings in

the country • 100 percent of town’s energy from solar and wind

22 May 2017 22

Photo Source: NOAA Photo Library

Colorado Springs Massive fire in 2012 caused significant damage and then increased flows to several streams intown • Made changes to building code for wildfire (roofs to

resist ignition from embers)

• Studied post-fire flows, projects to dissipate flood energy, and advised residents to buy flood insurance (large uptick in policy purchases post-fire)

• Created a more substantial on-going commitment to addressing hazards

22 May 2017 23 Photo source: City of Colorado Springs

New York – Community Reconstruction Planning CDBG regulations drove some of it • Extensive Public Engagement • Resident Committee Approach • Development of Projects • Co-Benefits • Some Cost Effectiveness • Widespread Groups Represented • Coincides with Long Island Revitalization efforts

22 May 2017 24

New York – Community Reconstruction Planning

22 May 2017 25

Project Types – Multiple lines / layers of defense • Coastal/Perimeter Flood Protection • Shoreline/Beach/Marsh Restoration • Stormwater Drainage Improvements • Critical Facility Resiliency • Public Health and Safety • Revitalization and Development

New York – Community Reconstruction Planning

22 May 2017 26

National Disaster Recovery Framework

Recovery Support Functions. • Infrastructure • Natural and Cultural Resources • Health and Social Services • Community Planning and Capacity Building • Economic • Housing

22 May 2017 27

North Carolina Resilient Redevelopment Planning Cumberland County and the City of Fayetteville were already addressing resiliency • Cumberland County Climate

Resiliency Plan • Fayetteville Resiliency Element

for Comprehensive Plan

22 May 2017 28

Thank you!!

If you’d like to find out more visit: www.atkinsglobal.com

© Atkins Limited except where stated otherwise.

The Atkins logo, ‘Carbon Critical Design’ and the strapline ‘Plan Design Enable’ are trademarks of Atkins Limited. 22 May 2017 29

Lawrence Frank lawrence.frank@atkinsglobal.com Barry Hokanson barryhokan@gmail.com

1

HMDR Hazard Mitigation & Disaster Recovery Planning Division

LinkedIn = 570, Dues paying = 262

NHMA Natural Hazard Mitigation Association

APA American Planning Association

(40,000 members)

APA Staff Hazards Planning Center

Recovery News (blog)

Policy Guide on Hazard Mitigation.

Planning for Post-Disaster Recovery: Next Generation

Hazard Mitigation: Integrating Best Practices into Planning

Other:

ASFPM Association of State Floodplain Managers

Other Divisions (21) Transportation, Housing & Community Development,

Regional and Intergovernmental, Planning & Law, Economic Development, New Urbanism, Environment, Natural

Resources & Energy, Sustainable Communities, Urban Design & Preservation, Technology, Sustainable Communities, etc.

Other Policy Guides

Planning.org

HMDRPLN.com

NHMA.info

Flood.org

Pre-Disaster Plan Integration

Comprehensive Plan

Hazard Mitigation Plan

Disaster Recovery Plan

CDBG Action Plan (1 yr)

Consolidated Plan (5 yr)

Capital Improvement Program (10 yr)

Post-Disaster Plan Integration

(REVISE)

Hazard Mitigation Plan

Comprehensive Plan

Economic Development Strategy

Community Development Strategy

inform the

Recovery Policies

Long Term Recovery Plan (Post-Disaster)influences/

determinesRecovery Policies & Projects

which sets the stage for

Pre-Disaster Recovery Plan

PRE-EVENT CONDITIONSPerformance of Community Service

Systems and Socioeconomic Systems

influences

Including strategies of reconfiguring and redeveloping areas

that may require the updating of

HMDRPLN.com

Community Plans

Incident Action Plan (IAP)

Public Assistance – Project Worksheets (PWs)

ESF 1 TransportationESF 2 CommunicationsESF 3 Public Works & EngineeringESF 4 Firefighting ESF 5 Emergency ManagementESF 6 Mass Care, Emergency Assistance, Housing & Human Services SupportESF 7 Logistics Management & Resource Support

EVENT

Individual Assistance

Emergency Support Functions

Community Recovery Plan

Public AssistanceCategories of Work

Field InspectionsProject Engineering/Architectural Specs

Project Approval, Budget Approval, Obligation of FundsProject Design, Construction Bids

Construction

Hurricanes Katrina/Rita in LouisianaTotal PWs = 35,941

Comprehensive PlanCommunity Development PlanConsolidated PlanHazard Mitigation PlanCapital Improvements Program

Economic Development Strategy

National Incident Management System (NIMS) Incident Command System (ICS)

National Preparedness Goal & PPD-8

Long-Term Recovery Committee (& VOAD)

Emergency Support Functions

National Disaster Recovery Framework

National Planning Frameworks (5)

Pre-Disaster Recovery Plan

Economic Incentives, Job GrowthInfrastructure, Acquisitions Structural Mitigation, ResiliencePublic-Private PartnershipsNGO CoordinationFinancing Strategies

Development LayoutsRedevelopment, New PatternsNeighborhood RevitalizationHousing InvestmentsHuman Service InitiativesInput from First Responders

Recovery Phase 1

Recovery Phase ...

PWs Plan Adoption Schedule Katrina, NOLA = 16 months

Sandy, NY = 17 months

ESF 8 Public Health & Medical ServicesESF 9 Search and RescueESF 10 Oil and Hazardous MaterialsESF 11 Agriculture & Natural ResourcesESF 12 EnergyESF 13 Public Safety and SecurityESF 14 (replaced by NDRF)ESF 15 External Affairs

National Preparedness

Human Services Strategy

Area Redevelopment Plans

Pre-DisasterRecovery Plan

Organizational ArrangementsAssessments of Community Resilience, Socioeconomic Vulnerabilities, Systems Status of Programs for Infrastructure, Economic Development, Social Services, Community Development and Redevelopment

TIME

HMGP $, CDBG $, other $

RecoverySupport

Functions (6)

Recovery Elements Timeline

Address an immediate threat:A Debris removalB Emergency

protective measures

Restoration of:C Roads/bridgesD Water control facilities E Buildings / equipmentF UtilitiesG Parks, recreational and

other facilities

Emergency Work Permanent Work

PROCESS TIMELINEHMDRRI Community Recovery Plan Development and Implementation

Assemble Facts Recommend ScopePropose Elements

and Process

Assemble Teams Plan Development

SCHEDULE = 9 to 12 months for plan development

Early Outputs,

Decision Support,

Special Projects(2 meetings)PLAN START-UP

Conditions Inventory

Identify Needs

FEMA IA

FEMA PA

CDBG-DR

HMGP

EDA

SBA

COG

County

UNC Planning

NCSU School of Design

etc

Alternatives Development

Public Workshops

Funding Strategies

Detailed Area / Neighborhood Plans

Review by Advisory Groups,

Commissions, Agencies, COGs

Deliberation & Adoption

by Governing Body

Team Visits to

Communities

Fair Bluff 3-15-17

Lumberton 3-9-17

Kinston 3-16-17

Seven Springs 3-10-17

Princeville 3-6-17

Windsor 3-17-17

Consensus on Key

Issues

¨ Fair Bluff

¨ Lumberton

¨ Kinston

¨ Seven Springs

¨ Princeville

¨ Windsor

GIS Database

Identify Agency POCs

Public Workshops

Data Sharing Workshop

Detailed Scope &

Schedule

¨ Fair Bluff

¨ Lumberton

¨ Kinston

¨ Seven Springs

¨ Princeville

¨ Windsor

Program Resources & Schedules

State Agencies

NCEM

NCDOT

NCHHS

NCDEQ

CGIA

etc

SPECIAL

PROJECTSsuch as Kenan-Flagler

/ Skanska

In Princeville

(rev 4-18-17)

Þ

IMPLEMENTATION(see note below)

Community projects and plans will vary in complexity and development time. Some communities will be ready to start

planning process sooner than others. Resources such as GIS and research support are not yet fully identified, to be

determined by about 4/18/17. Implementation support is assumed to be 12 months through 2018.

NOTES:

DESIGN PROJECTS

& POLICY

Pattern Book

Greenways

Resending Strategies

Leadership

FeedbackLeadership Buy-in Early Outputs,

Decision Support,

Special Projects

Practitioners,

Faculty, Students

APPLIED

RESEARCH

Recovery

Indicators

Flood APEX

Infrastructure

Study

Project

Development

C