community ophthalmology
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Community ophthalmology](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071705/55a62b081a28abc0138b483a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
COMMUNITY OPHTHALMOLOGY
![Page 2: Community ophthalmology](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071705/55a62b081a28abc0138b483a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
A discipline where
“The traditional care applied to an
individual patient is diverted to a
population with a prominence placed on
preventive aspects”
![Page 3: Community ophthalmology](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071705/55a62b081a28abc0138b483a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
WHAT ARE THE MAJOR DIFFERENCES IN CURATIVE
& PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ?
Goals
Target
Diagnosis
Therapy
Results
Treatment & cure
Single patient
Physical examination.
Drugs / Surgery
Limited to individuals
Prevention of disease
Population/community
Health survey (Community
Diagnosis)
Also include Health education
improved sanitation,
Hygiene, Immunization etc
Prevention of disease
Improvement of quality of life in
community
Curative Preventive
![Page 4: Community ophthalmology](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071705/55a62b081a28abc0138b483a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
NEED ?
285 million visually impaired, 39 million blind
90 % in developing countries
80 % preventable or curable
Blindness – cataract, glaucoma, trachoma,
childhood blindness etc.
Visual impairment - uncorrected refractive errors
(myopia, hyperopia or astigmatism) 43 % cataract
33%, glaucoma, 2%.
Large portion remain blind due to lack of access to
affordable eye care
![Page 5: Community ophthalmology](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071705/55a62b081a28abc0138b483a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
SOUTH-EAST ASIA
1/3 of worlds blind & 50 % of blind children come
from this region
Prevalence of blindness 0.8 %
90 % preventable or curable
Cataract, refractive error, childhood blindness,
glaucoma are the major causes of blindness.
Cataract surgery rate remains low & back load
keeps on accumulating.
![Page 6: Community ophthalmology](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071705/55a62b081a28abc0138b483a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
INDIA
8.5% blindness in 50 & above
1.1 % in general population
Annual incidence of cataract induced blindness is 2
million
Approx 3 million need corneal transplant
6 – 7 % of children aged 10 -14 yrs have problem
with vision
Causes - cataract 62.6%
R E 19 %
glaucoma 5.8%
![Page 7: Community ophthalmology](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071705/55a62b081a28abc0138b483a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS
Age
Malnutrition
Occupation
Social class
Social factors
![Page 8: Community ophthalmology](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071705/55a62b081a28abc0138b483a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
CONCEPTS
Primary eye care
Epidemiological approach
Team concept
National programmes
![Page 9: Community ophthalmology](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071705/55a62b081a28abc0138b483a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Community ophthalmology](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071705/55a62b081a28abc0138b483a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
WHO GUIDELINES FOR PRIMARY EYE CARE
1. Conditions to be recognized and treated by a trained primary eye care worker
☞ Conjunctivitis and lid infections
- Acute conjunctivitis
- Ophthalmia neonatorum
- Trachoma
- Allergic & Irritative conjunctivitis
- Lid lesions – chalazion
☞ Trauma
- Sub conjunctival hemorrhages
- Superficial FB
- Blunt trauma
☞ Blinding Malnutrition
![Page 11: Community ophthalmology](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071705/55a62b081a28abc0138b483a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
2. Conditions to be recognized and referred after treatment has been initiated.
☞ Corneal ulcers
☞ Lacerating or perforating injuries of the eye ball
☞ Lid lacerations
☞ Entropion / Trichiasis
☞ Burns - Chemical
- Thermal
![Page 12: Community ophthalmology](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071705/55a62b081a28abc0138b483a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
3. Conditions that should be recognized and referred for treatment.
☞ Painful red eye with visual loss
☞ Cataract
☞ Ptergium
☞ Visual loss < 6/18 in either eye
![Page 13: Community ophthalmology](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071705/55a62b081a28abc0138b483a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
COMPONENTS OF PREVENTION
Initial assessment
Methods of intervention
- Primary eye care
- Secondary care(mobile)
- Tertiary eye care
- Specific programmes
- Trachoma
- School
- - Vitamin A
- Occupational
Long term measures
Evaluation
![Page 14: Community ophthalmology](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071705/55a62b081a28abc0138b483a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
VISION 2020
WHO – feb 1999
To eliminate avoidable blindness by 2020
Right to Sight
Target diseases are cataract, refractive error,
childhood blindness, corneal blindness, glaucoma,
diabetic retinopathy.
HR, infrastructure & technological development.
20 centres of excellance, 200 training centres, 2000
service centres & 20,000 vision centres.