communicative language teaching peg reilly english language fellow ibarra, ecuador january 15, 2014...
TRANSCRIPT
Communicative Language Teaching
Peg Reilly
English Language Fellow
Ibarra, Ecuador
January 15, 2014 – PUCESE, Esmeraldas
Warm-up Pretend you are having a fire drill at
your home. You must choose only 5 things AND
you must be able to carry them yourself.
Write down what you would take; be prepared to defend your choice (3 minutes).
Whole class discussion.
WHAT IS CLT?
Write down a brief list of what you believe are the main principles of CLT.
“. . . to become good at using language for communication.” (McKenzie-Brown, 2012)
Principles of Communicative
Language Teaching
Source: Nunan, 1991
CLT Defined
Two guiding principles of CLT (Harmer, 2007)
1. Language involves functions, such as: inviting agreeing disagreeing suggesting
Appropriacy important: students use correct language (formal, informal, tentative, technical) depending on situation.
CLT Defined
2. Students need enough exposure to the language and opportunities to use the language.
Students communicate real messages, not just grammatically controlled language.
“. . . People learn languages not so that they know about them, but so they can communicate with them.” (Harmer, 2012; p. 50)
An emphasis on learning to communicate through interaction in the target language.
Teacher must teach in the target language.
How do you make sure students are speaking in English?
Use authentic texts and
materials in the classroom.
Sample Authentic Texts Newspapers and magazines
Books!
Brochures/catalogs/menus
Internet articles
Reference books (e.g., dictionaries)
Poetry
Newspaper and magazine ads
Maps
Movies
Radio and TV programs
Songs
TV/Radio Ads
Use Project-Based Learning
Students go through a process of inquiry, to a problem, question or challenge
Uses multiple skills
Result: student-generated performance or product
Students can choose topic
Involves cooperation/collaboration to achieve a common goal
Mirrors a real-world task
Adapted from Heitman & Sepulveda (no date).
Sample PBL Ideas
Students produce a school newspaper. Students plan a trip and present their
plan to the class. Students research solutions to
environmental problems in their area, then make posters showing solutions.
Students create a brochure of their favorite vacation spot and present to class.
Adapted from Heitman & Sepulveda (no date).
Imagine you are packing for a three-month stay on the International Space Station (ISS). You can only take five items with you. You must be able to carry all five items since storage is in short supply on the ISS. List the five items you would bring and explain why you chose those items. (Note: NASA has provided all the basics like food, water, oxygen, medicine, and toiletries!) Groups of 3-5
Item Reason
1. __________________ __________________
2. __________________ __________________
3. __________________ __________________
4. __________________ __________________
5. __________________ __________________Example:I would bring a “How to Speak Alien” phrase book. You neverknow when you might meet an extra-terrestrial!
NASA has over-estimated the weight the ISS can carry and must immediately downsize. Between you and your fellow space travelers, you may now only bring 3 items. Compare your lists. Together, decide what 3 items you will bring. Be sure to explain how you reach your decision. Source: www.nasa.gov
Crisis!!!!
NASA has over-estimated the weight the ISS can carry and must immediately downsize. Between you and your fellow space travelers, you may now only bring 3 items. Compare your lists. Together, decide what 3 items you will bring. Be sure to explain how you reach your decision.
Item Reason1. __________________ __________________
2. __________________ __________________
3. __________________ __________________
What skills did you need to effectively complete this activity?
Reading?
WRITING?Speaking? Listening
?
What other skills were needed?
NegotiatingExplaining
Justifying
Connect classroom language learning with language activities outside the classroom “Real World” Application
Classroom activities:Authentic and meaningful communication
Role - plays
Interviews
Information gap
LEARNING BY
TEACHING
Cooperative Learning
SURVEYSGAMES
PAIR WORK
LANGUAGE EXCHANGES
SKITS & PLAYSPROJECT-BASED
LEARNING
Communicative competence: the ability to use the language correctly and appropriately to communicate effectively.
Source: NCLRC
The goal of Language learning
is
Communicative
Competence
McKenzie-Brown, 2012
Linguistic (Grammatical) competence is knowing how to use the grammar, syntax, and vocabulary of a language.
Strategic competence is knowing how to recognize and repair communication breakdowns, how to work around gaps in one’s knowledge of the language, and how to learn more about the language and in the context.
Discourse competence is knowing how to construct longer stretches of language so that the parts make up a coherent whole. Sociolinguistic competence is knowing how to use and respond to language appropriately, given the setting, the topic, and the relationships among the people communicating.
Source: NCLRC
KEY IDEAS FOR EACH COMPETENCY
LINGUISTIC COMPETENCE: What words do I use? How do I put them into phrases and sentences?
DISCOURSE COMPETENCE: How are words, phrases & sentences put together to create conversations, speeches, email messages, newspaper articles?
SOCIOLINGUISTIC COMPETENCE: Which words and phrases fit this setting and this topic? How can I express a specific attitude (courtesy, authority, friendliness, respect) when I need to? How do I know what attitude another person is expressing?
STRATEGIC COMMPETENCE: How do I know when I’ve misunderstood or when someone has misunderstood me? What do I say then? How can I express my ideas if I don’t know the name of something or the right verb form to use?
By effectively teaching language in a communicative way, you will naturally teach
students how to develop communicative competence.
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CLT = Success
YOUR TURN: WHAT IS CLT?
In a small group, compare your ideas about what CLT is (from beginning of workshop).
Add more ideas about CLT. Share with class.
Thank You! To see a copy of this PowerPoint, go
to my blog: http://pegreillyelfecuador.blogspot.com/
If you have any questions, email me at: [email protected]
References
Harmer, J. (2012). How to teach English. (8th ed., p. 50). Essex, England: Pearson Education Limited.
Heitman, C. & Sepulveda, J. (n.d.). Webinar 2.3: The principles of PBL in the EFL classroom. [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from http://shapingenglish.ning.com/page/webinar-23-the-principles-of
McKenzie-Brown, P. (2012, September 26). What is CLT? Retrieved from http://languageinstinct.blogspot.com/2006/09/what-is-clt-language-competencies.html