common lifestyle diseases: cancer ems 355 by: dr. bushra bilal
TRANSCRIPT
COMMON LIFESTYLE DISEASES: CANCER
EMS 355 By: Dr. Bushra Bilal
WHAT IS CANCER?
• Cancer is a large group of diseases (over 200) characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells.*
NORMAL CELLS VS. CANCER CELLS
• Cancer cells:Lose control over growth and multiplication
Do not self-destruct when they become worn out or damaged
Crowd out healthy cells
GROWTH OF CANCER CELLS
• Cancer cells reproduce every 2-6 weeks.
Size of cancer cells: – One million cancer cells = head of a pin
– One billion cancer cells = a small grape
2-6 weeks
2-6 weeks
2-6 weeks
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF CANCER
Change in bowel habits or bladder functions Sores that do not heal Unusual bleeding or discharge Lumps or thickening of breast or other parts of the body Indigestion or difficulty swallowing Recent change in wart or mole Persistent coughing or hoarseness
Carcinomas (cells that cover internal and external body surfaces)
TYPES OF CANCERS
Lung
Breast
Colon
BladderProstate (Men)
Leukemia(Blood Cells)Lymphomas(Lymph nodes &tissues)
SarcomasCells in supportive tissues – bones & muscles
WHAT CAUSES CANCER?
Lifestyle
Environment
Family History
LIFESTYLE RISKS
• Smoking
• Diet high fat and low in fruits and vegetables
• Lack of exercise
• Unprotected exposure to the sun, (UV) rays
• Obesity
ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS
• Second hand smoke
• Air pollution
• Industrial pollution
• Chemical exposures
INHERITED RISKS
• Less than 15% of cancers are inherited
• Gene mutations are linked to some inherited cancers
• Cancers that may be caused by inherited gene mutations are:Colon cancerBreast cancerOvarianProstate cancerSkin cancer
SCREENING TESTS AND SELF-EXAMS
Screening tests: Colon Breast Cervical
Self-exams: Testicular Skin
COLON CANCER
• Most colon cancers start as a polyp
• Removing polyps can prevent colon cancer
• Advanced bleeding cancer
• A polyp
COLON CANCER SCREENING GUIDELINES
• Age of 50 and older; younger if there is a family history
• Yearly fecal occult blood test (FOBT) or• Flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years or• Yearly FOBT and sigmoidoscopy every 5 years or• Double-contrast barium enema every 5 years or• Colonoscopy every 10 years
Of the options above ACS prefers yearly FOBT and Sigmoidoscopy every five years
BREAST CANCER SCREENING GUIDELINES
• Yearly mammograms starting at age 40 and continuing for as long as a woman is in good health.
• Clinical breast exams (CBE) should be part of a periodic health exam, about every three years for women in their 20s and 30s and every year for women 40 and over.
BREAST CANCER SCREENING GUIDELINES
• Women should report any breast change promptly to their health care providers. Breast self‑exam (BSE) is an option for women starting in their 20s.
• Women at increased risk (e.g., family history, genetic tendency, past breast cancer ) should talk with their doctors about the benefits and limitations of starting mammography screening earlier, having additional tests (e.g., breast ultrasound or MRI), or having more frequent exams.
CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING GUIDELINES
• Annual pap testing should begin with the onset of sexual activity or at age 18
• Investigate pros & cons of new HPV vaccine
• Pap testing should continue less frequently at the discretion of the medical provider and patient after three or more annual tests have been normal
PROSTATE CANCER SCREENING GUIDELINE
• Men should speak to their doctor about the pros and cons of prostate cancer screening
• Both prostate specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal examinations (DRE) are recommended for men over 50 and who choose to undergo screening for prostate cancer
Ways to Reduce the Risks of Developing Cancer…
AVOID SMOKING OR CHEWING TOBACCO
• Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the US
• Second hand smoke affects everyone
FRUITS AND VEGETABLES DECREASE CANCER RISKS
• Cancer rates could decline by up to 20% if everyone consumed 5 fruits and vegetables a day!*
• Cancer fighting substances:AntioxidantsDietary fiberCarotenoidsFlavenoids
*American Institute for Cancer Research, 1998.
LIMIT ALCOHOL TO NO MORE THAN
• Men – 2 drinks per day
• Women - 1 drink per day
REDUCE YOUR SKIN EXPOSURE TO THE SUN
Limit time outside, between 10 a.m. & 4 p.m.
Wear protective clothing. Use wide-brimmed hats and sunglasses.
Prevent sunburns, especially for children under 18. Use waterproof sunscreen of SPF 15 or higher. Reapply as directed.
Avoid tanning beds.
BE ACTIVE…OFTEN
• Exercise for 30 minutes or more at least 4 days a week.