commercial buildings january 2003. objectives review types of commercial hazards –general...
TRANSCRIPT
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Commercial Buildings
January 2003
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Objectives
• Review types of commercial hazards– General– Juneau
• Discuss hazards of commercial buildings
• Review FD history and influence
• Apply knowledge
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References
• Phoenix Fire Department Symposium
• Captain Dave Boddy/Brian Long
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In memory of Bret TarverA unique human being, a loving family man
and an extraordinary Firefighter
September 11, 1960 - March 14, 2001
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Gauges
11
2233
44
55LO
WL
OW
High
High
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Structural Fire Firefighting History:
• The foundation of American Fire Service
• 250+ year history
• Our original history
• Our most enduring and defining activity
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Structural Fire Fighting History…the original approach
• Very personal
• Highly emotional
• episodic, dangerous, exciting
• death/injury natural expectation
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Our highest and finest tradition (i.e., promise)
• Firefighters will put their bodies between the victim and the incident problem…sometimes sacrificing themselves to be in that position
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…Firefighters also (routinely) put their bodies between the
victim’s property and the incident problem-sometimes sacrificing
themselves to be in that position
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Structural Fire Fighting History:…such authentic altruistic self
sacrifice creates:• Highly heroic status (inside and outside)
• Very strong risk taking culture
• Positive community support, approval, affection
• Most popular occupation/service
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Our basic structural fire fighting approach was established before:• Occupational Safety & Health program
development
• Safety laws, code, standards
• Regulators, safety bureaucrats/zealots, lawyers
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Our basic structural fire fighting approach was established before
• IMS
• Risk Management Plans
• Refined PPE
• The ongoing application of Safety SOP’s
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Structural Fire Fighting Today:
• Huge historic/cultural momentum
• Highly emotional
• Peer driven
• Highly resistant to change
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Structural Fire Fighting Today:
• Very fast
• Very aggressive
• Very skillful
• …still very dangerous
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Compare-Special Operations are “new” (since 1970’s)
• Hazmat
• High Angle
• Swift Water
• Confined Space
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Special Ops
• Based on scientific/technical information
• Highly rational - de-emotionalized
• Regulated by codes, standards, laws
• zero (0) tolerance for worker injury/death
• strong initial & ongoing safety socialization (and enforcement)
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Special Ops based on:
• 1) Proper procedure
• 2) Effective information
• 3) Highly controlled speed
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Pretty simple difference
• Structural fire fighting (pre-safety systems) = big losses
• Special Operations (post-safety systems) = no losses
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Big Loss =
• 100 + Firefighter Deaths
• 100,000 Firefighter Injuries
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Basic Objective
• …do our jobs--don’t get killed
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We all now say:
• “No property is worth the life of a firefighter”
Easy to sayEasy to say
Very logicalVery logical
Politically Politically correctcorrect
……we mostly say we mostly say this away from the this away from the firegroundfireground
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“No property is worth the life of a firefighter”
• Hard to actually do
• Obligated to act
• 300 year tradition
• Huge momentum (peer driven)
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There is currently a gap between what we say we are going to do and what we actually do…we
must now close that gap.
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Risk Management Plan
• Risk a lot to protect savable lives
• Risk a little (highly calculated manner) to protect savable property
• No risk for life/property already lost
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Offensive/Defensive Strategy Management:
HazardsHazards-- Structural CollapseStructural Collapse-Toxic insult-Toxic insult
-Thermal insult-Thermal insult-Trapped-Trapped-Lost-Lost
ICIC
Safety SystemSafety System-Trained/Fit FF-Trained/Fit FF-PPE-PPE-Equipment-Equipment-Safety SOP’s-Safety SOP’s-IMS-IMS
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Offensive/Defensive Strategy Management:
• Basis of firefighter survival
• Strategy management = major responsibility of IC
• IC must connect safety system capability with hazards
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Risk Assessment:
OffensiveOffensive
DefensiveDefensive
HazardsHazards
SafetySafety
SafetySafety
HazardsHazards
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11
2233
44
55LO
WL
OW
MediumMedium
High
High
HazardsHazards
SafetySafety
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11
2233
44
55LO
WL
OW
MediumMedium
High
High
SafetySafety
HazardsHazards
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Risk Level
11
2233
44
55LO
WL
OW
MediumMediumH
ighH
igh
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Occupancy hazard based on:
• Life safety
• Fire load- amount, type and arrangement
• Construction- type, age and condition
• Contents
• Fire protection built in
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Occupancy Hazard
11
2233
44
55LO
WL
OW
Ultra
Ultra
Light
Light
ModerateModerateHeavyHeavy
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Mixed OccupancyMixed Occupancy
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Mixed OccupanciesMixed Occupancies
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Tax Payer
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Tax Payer
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Mixed Occupancy
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Building Size/Area
11
2233
44
55Smal
lSm
all U
ltraU
ltra
Med
ium
Med
iumLargeLarge Humongous
Humongous
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Building Size/Area: Small
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Building Size/Area: Medium
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Building Size/Area: Large
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Building Size/Area: Huge
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Building Size/Area: Ultra
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WarehousesWarehouses
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MallsMalls
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Entry into Hazard
• Direct relationship between the length of attack penetration and the degree of risk
• IC must create “round trip” plan
• Easier to get into hazard zone then get out
• Must create “corridor” to protect entry
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11
2233
44
5550’
50’400’ 400’
150’150’250’250’80’80’
Entry into HazardEntry into Hazard
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IC must build corridor into/out of Hazard zone:
• Hose lines - know how to follow
• Lights entry/exit points
• RIC teams
• Safety Officer(s)
• Accountability System
• Usher/escort/guide crews
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Basic Safety Challenge
• The IC must create an operational & Command safety system response that matches the size & nature of the incident hazard.
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Remember the basic model:
Safety SystemSafety System
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Remember the basic model:
Safety SystemSafety System
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Remember the basic model:
Safety SystemSafety System
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Remember the basic model:
Safety SystemSafety System
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Remember the basic model:
Safety SystemSafety System
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Commercial/Residential Dilemma:• We mostly do single family residence fires
• We develop single family operational habits
• Forgiving environment:– basic attack approach– SCBA air management– attack line = exit marker
We take “little habits” into big fires!!!We take “little habits” into big fires!!!
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…Dilemma
• We apply our residential offensive fire attack approach to large, complex commercial fires:– too big - too far– size/complexity quickly out performs day-to-
day systems we use– we ID trouble too late– command = too little too late
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12
00
1200
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30’30’
1500 1500 square square
feetfeet
8’8’
50’
50’
8’8’30’30’
50’
50’
4500
45
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cubi
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1500 sq... ft. Residence1500 sq... ft. Residence
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Huge DifferenceHuge Difference
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Side D
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Most of us have a refined defensive commercial structural fire fighting plan and approach.
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Most of us DO NOT have a refined, practiced, safe, offensive
commercial structural fire fighting plan or approach
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In commercial buildings we must:
• Describe both our actual capabilities and our limitations
• Practice escalating our regular operational and command systems to “fit” commercial situations
• Start to build benchmarks for commercial buildings
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Seem familiar?
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The next step