COM 362 Computer NetworksCOM 362 Computer Networks IILaboratoryLaboratory

Introduction to the LabIntroduction to the Lab, , Networking Tools and LinuxNetworking Tools and Linux

COM 362 Computer NetworksCOM 362 Computer Networks IILaboratoryLaboratory

Introduction to the LabIntroduction to the Lab, , Networking Tools and LinuxNetworking Tools and Linux

Computing Engineering Department

Wednesday, February 18, 2015

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1. Objectives of the Lab Experiments2. Experiments

3. Lab Activities, Procedures and Grading

4. Lab Hardware

5. Networking Tools

Outline

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Objectives of the Lab Experiments

Hand-on experience on networking (using routers, host computers, switches, cables, network monitoring and management tools, … )

Teaching the fundamentals of data communication:

• Mainly TCP/IP layers and protocols (Application Layer, Transport Layer, Network Layer, and Data Link Layer)

Opening the hood of the Internet and learning how Internet works…

The Internet Protocol Hourglass (Deering)

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Lab Objectives: TCP/IP Layers and Protocols

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1. Objectives of the Lab Experiments

2. Experiments3. Lab Activities, Procedures and Grading

4. Lab Hardware

5. Networking Tools

6. Linux

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Labs (from the text book) will be done in this year

1. Getting started

2. HTTP

3. DNS

4. TCP

5. UDP

6. IP

7. VLAN

8. DHCP

Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach Featuring the Internet, 6th Edition, J. F. Kurose, K. W. Ross, Addison Wesley, 2012.

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1. Objectives of the Lab Experiments

2. Experiments

3. Lab Activities and Grading4. Lab Hardware

5. Networking Tools

6. Linux

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Lab Activities

• Lab Experiments: Practical foundations and hands-on experience. There will be 11 labs.

• Each lab has three phases: Prelab, Lab Session, and Lab Report

• Short Lab Tutorials: Theoretical foundations and background as needed before some lab experiments will be given by your TA.

• Attendance: % 80. That is if you miss 3 lab sessions you will fail the lab.

Pre-laboratory Assignment (Prelab)

Before you come to the Lab– Exercises to be completed in advance of the associated

lab session

– The prelabs ask you to acquire background knowledge that is needed during the lab exercises.

– Each prelab has a question sheet that must be completed before the corresponding lab session.

– Read lab manual and do related reading (a few hours).

– Complete prelab (<1 hour, if you have done the reading).

Lab Session

In the lab– Show up for your time slot only, you can not use other time slots

– All lab exercises can be completed without supervision.

– Read the lab sheet and do the lab exercises.

– The time to complete a lab session should be 2 hours on the average, but may vary. Complete the laboratory activities to the extent that you can.

– The activities during the lab session are not graded, however, data collected during the lab session are needed to complete a lab report.

Lab Session (cont.)

– Each lab has an anonymous feedback sheet. The feedback is used to improve the setup and organization of the labs.

– Since you have administrative (root) privileges on the Lab equipment, exercise caution when modifying the configuration of the Lab equipment

Lab Reports

After the lab: Lab Reports– Write lab report

– Submit lab report by due date (include lab feedback pages from book. Book pages are perforated).

– After each lab session, you prepare a lab report that summarizes and analyzes the findings from the lab session.

– The lab reports should be submitted as a typewritten document.

– The lab report is generally given to an lab assistant in the specified date.

– The lab report is graded.

– Note: Saved data should be included in the report only if it is requested in the lab report, and if it is used to answer a question.

– Filtering the relevant measurements for the answers of the lab report is part of the analysis

Rules for Using the Lab

– Your lab time slot is allocated for the entire semester.

– You are guaranteed access to the lab during your time slot.

– If you want to switch lab sections after the sign-up, you need to find a partner to swap with.

– Outside your assigned lab section, you  may use the lab if the lab assistant is available in the lab.

– Submit lab report in a given time.

– Late policies for pre-labs and lab reports: 20% of total grade decreases Nothing accepted that is more late than 1 days

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1. Objectives of the Lab Experiments

2. Experiments

3. Lab Activities, Procedures and Grading

4. Lab Hardware5. Networking Tools

6. Linux

Outline

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Basic Computer Networks Lab Equipment

• Computer Network Laboratory Equipment are two Layer-2 switches, one Layer-3 switch and one router.

• Each Layer-2 switch has 24 ports. The model of the switch is Cisco 2960.

• Layer-3 switch has a similar function with router. Again, Layer-3 switch has 24 ports. The model of the switch is Cisco 3560.

• Router applies routing protocols and connects between LAN (Local Area Network) and WAN (Wide Area Network)

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Basic Computer Networks Lab Equipment

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Network Interface Card (NIC)

At source:• Lives at the Data Link and Physical Layers• Provides the physical connection to the media• Receives the data packet from the Network Layer (IP)• Attaches its the MAC address to the data packet• Attaches the MAC address of the destination device to the data packet• Converts data in to packets suitable for the particular network

(Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI)• Converts packets in to electrical, light or radio signals

As a destination device• Provides the physical connection to the media• Translates the signal in to data• Reads the MAC address to see if it matches its own address• If it does match, passes the data to the Network Layer

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Switch

Link layer device• Stores and forwards Ethernet frames• Examines frame header and selectively forwards frame

based on MAC destination address• When frame is to be forwarded on segment, uses

CSMA/CD to access segment

Transparent• hosts are unaware of presence of switches

Plug-and-play, self-learning• Switches do not need to be configured

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Router

Works at Network Layer in an intelligent manner. Can connect different network segments, if they are in

the same building or even on the opposite side of the globe

Work in LAN, WAN environments. Allows access to resources by selecting the best path Can interconnect different networks. Changes packet size and format to match the

requirements of the destination network

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Router (cont.)

Two primary functions – to determine the ‘best path’ and to share details of routes with other routers.

Routing Table – a database which keeps track of the routes to networks and the associated costs.

Static Routing – routes are manually configured by a network administrator

Dynamic Routing – adjust automatically to changes in network topology, and information it receives from other routers

Routing Protocol – uses a special algorithm to route data across a network eg. RIP, OSPF

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1. Objectives of the Lab Experiments

2. Experiments

3. Lab Activities, Procedures and Grading

4. Lab Hardware

5. Networking Tools6. Linux

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Software Tools

Network Protocol Analyzers (Packet Sniffers): Basic tools to monitor, display, and analyze network traffic.

Packet sniffer structure

• Tcpdump: System network utility.• Wireshark 1.12.3 (latest): The most popular free network protocol

analyzer having support for hundreds of network protocols. Used by network professionals around the world for troubleshooting, analysis, software and protocol development, and education.

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Analysing the Captured Packets

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CISCO Packet Tracer v6.1 Student Edition

Stand-alone, medium-fidelity simulation and visualization environment designed for networking novices

Design, configure, and troubleshoot CCNA-level networks Show the fundamental concepts of data propagation and

filtering through network devices. Enhances classroom presentations by providing a real-

time visualization of data transmission over network devices.

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CISCO Packet Tracer v6.1 Student Edition

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Basic Networking Commands

•M •n

How to detect if another machine is alive, the path to it, and resolve its DNS name to ip address, etc. …?

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Basic Networking Commands

ping – check if machine is alive ipconfig – interface (ip addr / mask) configuration arp – link / network layer address mapping netstat – status info of network configuration telnet – remote terminal ftp – file transfer tool route – set static route of a machine tracert – gather route information nslookup – resolve DNS name of target hostname

Key : What can you infer about the network or end-to-end properties with these commands?

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IP Addressing

•An IP address is an identifier for a network interface at the network layer.

•When the network interface is connected to the Internet, the IP address must be globally unique within the address space of the Internet.

•Each IP address consists of a network number which is followed by a host number

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Subnet Masks

•128.143.137.144/24 : IP address of the host

•128.143.0.0/16 : IP address of the network

•255.255.255.0 : Subnetmask of thehost

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Telnet (TELetype NETwork))

•TELNET is a network protocol used on the Internet or LAN connections. It is a remote login network protocol for executing commands on a remote host.

•SSH is a protocol which has the same purpose with TELNET, becomes more dominant and popular.

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FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

•FTP is used to connect two computers over the Internet so that the user of one computer can transfer files and perform file commands on the other computer.

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Ping

•Ping tests whether a given IP address is reachable.

•The ping command sends an ICMP Echo Request message to an interface with the specified IP address, and expects an ICMP Echo Response message in return.

Tentative Lab Schedule

Lab OSI Layer Lab Description

Lab 1 Application Layer Socket Programming

Lab 2 Application Layer Packet Capture and Analysis (HTTP, DNS)

Lab 3 Application Layer Network Programming and Protocol Analysis

(SMTP, POP3, JAVAMAIL API)

Lab 4 Transport Layer Protocol Analysis and Packet Capture

(TCP)

Lab 5 Transport Layer Protocol Analysis and Packet Capture

(UDP)

Lab 6 Network Layer Subnetting and Basic Network Commands

Lab 7 Network Layer CISCO Packet Tracer (Static Routing)

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Tentative Lab Schedule Cont.

Lab OSI Layer Lab Description

Lab 8 Network Layer CISCO Packet Tracer (Dynamic Routing)

Lab 9 Data-Link Layer Switching and VLAN

Lab 10 Data-Link Layer DHCP and IP

Lab 11 Data-Link Layer Switching and Routing Protocols (RIP)

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Topology of Computer Networks Laboratory

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Computer Networks Laboratory

Thanks for listening.

Questions ??

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