COLONIZATION IN AMERICA

COLONY• COUNTRY OR AREA UNDER THE FULL OR PARTIAL POLITICAL CONTROL OF

ANOTHER COUNTRY- OCCUPIED BY SETTLERS OF THAT COUNTRY

NORTHERN COLONIES• PLYMOUTH COLONY:• After years of being displaced due to religious practices, a group of 40 Pilgrims

boarded a ship, the Mayflower, in 1620.• The Mayflower finally docked in December at Plymouth Rock. Area named Plymouth from

John Smith- Plymouth being the port they docked out of in England

• Land was purchased from the Virginia Company- a company established to help sell land to build colonies

NORTHERN COLONIES• MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY: • More displaced Puritans, this time they purchased smart:• When purchasing the land, it was made so that the politics and church officials

were very closely tied, the stockholders being high members of their religious group

MIDDLE COLONIES• Proprietary Colonies- all land belonged to King of England and he was

allowed to divide it up as he wished- this was to help the Crown make money and pay debts, had someone they trusted running things, those who fled England really didn’t

• Colonies include: New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania

• Large land grants to single individual

• That single individual responsible for running that colony; executive rule

• Diverse areas- Many different ethnicities and religions

• Fertile Soil- Lots of agriculture

SOUTHERN COLONIES• Maryland, Virginia, South & North Carolina, Georgia

• Dominated by agriculture, especially cash crops such as indigo and tobacco

SOUTHERN COLONIES• North & South Carolina split over differences in their development• North was primarily small farmers• South was primarily large plantations

• Slaves

• Port city of Charles Town (Charleston)

• Georgia created as a “buffer” between hostile Spain in Florida and cash crops in the Carolinas• Full of debtors

SOUTHERN COLONIES• Triangular Trade:• England sends men to Africa to acquire slaves• Men leave Africa to bring slaves to colonies• Men then take goods grown in colonies back

to England

• Trade from England to colonies is manufactured

• Guns, cloth, beads

• Trade from colonies back to England is natural

cotton, tobacco, sugar

EARLY COLONIAL LEADERS

JOHN SMITH• English explorer and settler - One of the first colonists at Jamestown- VIRGINA

COLONY

• Saved the colony in a number of ways • Strong leader for the colonists• Forced the survivors to work hard• Taught them how to farm

• Traded with the Indians

• Helped steal food from the Indians when relations grew to be strained

WILLIAM PENN• Quakers: were steadfast pacifists who had no paid clergy, refused to use titles or

take oaths of allegiance, and were said to “quake” from deep religious emotion.• Christians• Incredibly peaceful• Believed in the freedom of ideas• Freedom of religion

WILLIAM PENN• Penn, and others, were jailed for being Quakers

• Penn was awarded- he was wealthy- a huge piece of land in the colonies

• Established Pennsylvania as a safe place for Quakers and anybody else

• Treated the Native Americans fairly, set up a relatively liberal system of laws, and made it easy for just about anyone to settle in his colony

JOHN WINTHROP• First Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony

• Served as governor more than 10 times

• Banished Anne Hutchinson from MBC

ANNE HUTCHINSON• Puritan in the Massachusetts Bay Colony

• Preached that • a person did NOT need to follow the teachings of a minister• The only necessary thing for salvation was being graceful

• Made church leaders very angry- was banished

• Settled in Rhode Island at Roger William’s request

• Eventually left for New Amsterdam (New York)

• Killed in a Indian raid

ROGER WILLIAMS• English Protestant in the Massachusetts Bay Colony• Believed in the separation of church and government• VERY radical belief in the MBC• Also believed in religious freedom

• Williams is banished from the MBC

• Believed in buying lands from Indians, not taking it

• Spoke their language and made friends with them

• Established a settlement in present-day Providence, Rhode Island

• Church and government were separate

• Complete religious freedom, even for Jewish people