COLONIAL AMERICA

1607-1763

U.S. HISTORY :UNIT 1

BELL WORK

1. Name 3 reasons people came to the American colonies.

2. Name the first 2 English settlements in America.

3. Name 2 key people in colonial America.

Colonies Map

Massachusetts

New Hampshire

Rhode Island

ConnecticutNew Jersey

DelawareMaryland

GeorgiaSouth Carolina

North Carolina

Virginia

Pennsylvania

New York

REASONS FOR MIGRATION

• Enclosure Movement• Religious persecution• Economic incentive-Land• England’s competition with Spain• Debtors, orphans, prisoners• A new life

THE FIRST ENGLISH SETTLEMENT-JAMESTOWN 1607

Jamestown,Va

• Video Questions• Why do the

colonists pick Jamestown as the location of their settlements?• What are the 2

advantages and disadvantages to the location?

A rough start…• Founded in 1607 by the English- Almost

fails• poor location • unrealistic expectations • starvation• disease• conflicts with local Native American

tribes

• Captain John Smith take control• Trades with the local Powhatan • Strict rules- “he that does not

work shall not eat”

THE STARVING TIME

• John Smith left Jamestown in 1609• 300 new arrivals that same year• Winter of 1609-1610 is known as the starving

time• By spring, 1610: 60 survived• 1610 – 1624: 10,000 immigrants(most indentured

servants)• 1624 population: 1,200• Adult life expectancy: 40 years• Death of children before age 5: 80%• Eat rats, cats, dogs, boil leather shoes, raid local natives, • eat corpses Some turn to Cannablism!• How do they keep attracting people? The Headright

system

TOBACCO SAVES THE DAY!

Video questions

• Who is John Rolfe and why is he important to the Jamestown colony?• Describe the

conditions when he arrives.• Explain the impact

tobacco has on Jamestown.

Other key information about Jamestown

• 1618- First colonial government (House of Burgesses)

• 1619- First Africans arrive

• Many are indentured servants; wealthy few in Virginia

• By 1660, slaves are the main source of labor

THE OTHER SOUTHERN COLONIES

• All of the other Southern colonies began as proprietary colonies, or having one owner, who governs the colony

• Maryland: Founded by George Calvert as refugee for Catholics in 1634• Tolerance act(1649)- Tolerance for all Christian faiths to freely

worship

• The Carolinas: Split in 1732, develop differently• North- Subsistence farming, poor harbors, use pine trees for

ship building• South- Better harbors- slaves bring in rice, indigo is introduced

• Georgia: Established by James Oglethorpe in 1733• Buffer against Spain, no rum or slaves • Refugee for debtors and prisoners

RELATIONSHIP WITH NATIVE AMERICANS

Who was already living there?

• Powhatan Confederacy lives in the area of Jamestown

• Over 30 separate nations• Wahunsenacawh is the

leader, Pocahontas is his daughter

• English later kidnap her, converts to Christianity, marries John Rolfe

What happens?

• Video questions• 1. Why do the Powhatan not

attack the settlement?• 2. Why is the John Smith

and Pocahontas story we all know likely false?

• 3. What ends the 4 year war?

• 4. How does tobacco change the relationship?

• 5. What becomes of the Powhatan?

ASSIGNMENT-POLITICAL CARTOON

•Analyze the cartoon and answer questions 1-5 on the back. Due Wed. (4th -6th) Due Thurs. (3rd-5th)

PLYMOUTH COLONY

Plymouth Colony

• 1620, 102 people set sail on the Mayflower• Seeking religious

freedom• Sign Mayflower

Compact-majority rule, government based on the consent of the governed

Pilgrims in the New World

• Arrive too late to plant, half die in the first winter

• Squanto- teaching them how to plant corn, where to fish, etc

• William Bradford is elected the governor

• Friendly relations with the local Wampanoag

• Fall of 1621- First Thanksgiving (harvest celebration)

MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY(1630)

The Puritans

Seeking religious freedom• Led by John Winthrop

leader of the colony• “We shall be like a City

upon a hill; the eyes of all people are on us.”

• Beginning of the “Great Migration” 20,000-40,000 come in 20 years

• Set a commonwealth, only male church members can vote

Religious Freedom?

• Congregationalists• Very strict laws and

punishments• Drove out other religious

groups• Puritans valued hard

work, reading/practicing the bible, church attendance

• Believed that the sin and the devil was everywhere

DISSENT IN NEW ENGLAND

Roger Williams

• Questions Puritan practices• Taking land• Church and state• Limited voting rights

• Banished, leaves and establishes Providence

• Freedom of religion, separation of church and state

Anne Hutchinson

• Questions Puritan ministers and beliefs• Banished• Helps to establish

Rhode Island with Roger Williams

KING PHILIP’S WAR

• King Philip’s War: 1675-76, Wampanoag vs. Massachusetts colonist• Chief Massasoit maintains peace with English for

50 years. ‘First Thanksgiving’ together• Cause: Massasoit’s son, King Philip(Metacom)

wages war against colonists taking his land• Outcome: Relations destroyed, 3600 lose their

lives, Wampanoag forced off their land, Few Native people left in New England

THE MIDDLE COLONIES

• New York(1626)- Originally controlled by the Dutch-very diverse• New Jersey• Delaware • Pennsylvania- (1682)Founded by William Penn,

Quakers, religious freedom and expanded voting rights

COLONIAL READING ASSIGNMENT: PEOPLE IN THE COLONIES

• For each of the 6 main headings in the chapter, record 3-5 key pieces of information for each.

• Colonial Classes/Population• Women in the Colonies• Slavery in the Colonies• Native Americans• Colonial Mind/Education• Colonial Press/Zenger Case

• Due Friday(you will get time in class to finish)