college sports college sports have changed much over time equipment and rules have certainly...
TRANSCRIPT
College Sports:Changing Over Time
Stephen Grafton
College Sports
College sports have changed much over timeEquipment and rules have certainly changed,
but college sports have also grown to impact other areas of society:
-Economy-Media-College admissions, academics, and
revenues
College Sports: Early 1900’s
Football was only sport that schools sponsored
Forward pass was illegal until 1906, and even upon legalization, it was rarely used
Equipment was different; little or no padding was used, helmets were not required
Due to violence and deaths, the NCAA was created to protect the student athletes and preserve the game of football
College Sports: 1950’s
Football grew out of World War II and was just beginning to capture America’s attention, but the AFL-NFL merger was still ten years away
Basketball was just beginning to gain popularity, and the NCAA tournament was in its beginning stages with only 16 teams
NCAA began to require teams to participate in their season-ending tournament
College Sports: 1950’s
NCAA also controlled the television markets for college football, only allowing a few games to be televised nationally during the year
Becoming what it is today
In 1984, University of Georgia and University of Oklahoma filed a lawsuit against the NCAA based on their monopoly on television markets. The successful lawsuit gave universities more control.
The most popular teams, such as Michigan, had nearly all of their games televised, increasing their influence.
In college basketball, the NCAA tournament grew gradually, eventually reaching 64 teams in 1986 and becoming a staple of college sports.
Notable Rule Changes
Football:-Forward pass legalized-Football elongated for better passing-Overtime instituted in 1996
Basketball:-NCAA tournament grew from 4 to 65-3 point shot instituted for 1987 tournament, changing the game forever. Indiana wins tournament shooting 50.8% from 3
Impacting Society
College sports have grown to become a major part of American society
Increased media exposure as well as increased interest by fans
Impacted admissions, academics, and university image
NCAA Growth
1950- 387 member schools2006- 1024 member schools
Economic Impact
In the 1940’s, the pressure to perform on the field was so great that many schools hired professional players to play for their schools
Due to this demand for payment, the NCAA finally allowed scholarships in the 1950’s, giving students an opportunity to gain an education for free
Economic Impact
Once the NCAA lost exclusive rights to negotiate television broadcasts in 1984, college football and basketball became very prevalent on television, especially with the creation of ESPN
Television prominence lead to more money and more exposure for college teams
Average Television Revenues
Sport Revenue
NCAA Men’s Basketball Tournament
$564 million
NCAA Football: ACC, Big East, Big-12, Notre Dame, Pac-10
$111 million
MLB $550 million
NBA $767 million
NFL $2.2 billion
NHL $120 million
Football and Basketball Publicity
College Football and basketball now rival the four main professional sports, based on revenues and ticket sales
Large influence on the American public
Ticket Revenues
Sport Revenue
NCAA Division I Football and Basketball
$757 million
MLB $671 million
NBA $967 million
NFL $730 million
NHL $731 million
Impacts on the Universities
Although college basketball and football are high revenue sports, college sports as a whole do not make money
Only the most prominent schools are able to turn a profit on their football programs
College Football Revenues, 2007-2008
School Total Revenue
Texas $120,288,370
Ohio State $117,953,712
Florida $106,030,895
Michigan $99,027,105
Wisconsin $93,452,334
College Football Revenues, 2007-20008
School Revenue
Idaho $12,896,488
Louisiana Tech $12,465,865
Louisiana-Lafayette $11,134,598
Arkansas State $10,456,754
Louisiana-Monroe $7,733,035
Revenues
These numbers show that college football is only a high revenue sport for those at the top of the game
Once expenses are accounted for, most schools lose money off of their football team
In fact, minus subsidies, only 6% of universities reported making a profit off of their football team in 2001
Division I-A Profits
1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003
-$254,000 -$243,000 -$936,000 $0 -$654,000 -$633,000
Profits
As we see on the previous slide, most universities actually lose money on their college sports.
Universities are supposed to be academics-driven, but sports can take some funding away from academics
Benefits to Universities
Robert Sandy and Peter Sloane found that universities that went to a bowl game within 5 years or moved from division I-AA to I-A actually had an increase of 12-13 points in their incoming students’ SAT scores
Also, by becoming a Division I-A football team, universities increased their size by about 2,000 students
Benefits to Universities
College sports give universities much needed publicity
College sports give alumni a way to continue to connect with their alma mater even after graduation, often leading to increased alumni donations.
Overall Impacts Today
College Sports influence us through:-Economic Issues-Issues involving academics and
admissions to Universities-Constant media exposure
They are extremely influential, and will be in the future