coleoptera beetles and weevils. coleoptera coleos: sheath ptera: wing complete chewing wings:...
TRANSCRIPT
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COLEOPTERA
beetles and weevils
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COLEOPTERA
• Coleos: sheath
• Ptera: wing
• Complete
• Chewing
• Wings:– Front: hardened (elytra), not for flight– Back: membranous
• Larva are grubs
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WHITE GRUBS
• C-shaped larva
• Several different species are a pest
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WHITE GRUBS
• Identify species by rastral pattern
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WHITE GRUBS
• Identify species by rastral pattern
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WHITE GRUBS
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WHITE GRUBS
• Weevils are legless white grubs
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WHITE GRUBS
HOST
Turf
• Lush, high irrigation and fertilization
Many are harmless, feed on OM
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WHITE GRUBS
DAMAGE
• Consume roots in late summer
• Water stress spots in mid-August
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WHITE GRUBS
MONITOR
• Direct sample (8 to 12 grubs / sq ft)
• Pull water stressed spots in August– Mole crickets?
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WHITE GRUBS
CONTROL
• Milky spore, Japanese beetle only
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JAPANESE BEETLE (98)
• Larva: white grub
• The grub was introduced in 1916 from Japan on Iris roots
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JAPANESE BEETLE (98)
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JAPANESE BEETLE (98)
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JAPANESE BEETLE (98)
HOST
• Larva: turf roots
• Adult: rose, Prunus, maple, other woody plants…
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JAPANESE BEETLE (98)
DAMAGE
• Larva: feed on turf roots
• Adult: June to September
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JAPANESE BEETLE (98)
DAMAGE
• Tissue between veins (young leaves)
• Lacey symptoms
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JAPANESE BEETLE (98)
DAMAGE
• Also eat fruit and blossoms
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JAPANESE BEETLE (98)
MONITOR
• Pheromone traps
• Branch beating adults
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JAPANESE BEETLE (98)
CONTROL
• Larva: Milky spore disease, nematodes, insecticide
• Established woody can tolerate
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WEEVILS (92)
• Snouts beetles
• Many flightless (elytra fused)
• Larva: legless grubs
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WEEVILS (92)
HOST
• Whitefringed beetle: Azalea
• Palmetto weevil: Palms
• Other weevils, most other woody plants…
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WEEVILS (92)
Whitefringed beetle
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WEEVILS (92)
DAMAGE: Whitefringed beetle
• Adults: notched symptoms on foliage in July
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WEEVILS (92)
CONTROL: Whitefringed beetle
• Plants tolerant in Lowcountry
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WEEVILS (92)
Palmetto weevil
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WEEVILS (92)
DAMAGE: Palmetto weevil
• Dying or weak palm gives off scent
• Male locates susceptible palm, releases pheromone
• It’s all over after that
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WEEVILS (92)
DAMAGE: Palmetto weevil
• Larva feeds on crown
• “Breaks” the neck
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WEEVILS (92)
CONTROL: Palmetto weevils
• Insecticides no good once infested
• Cut down before adult emerges
• Mass trapping and sanitation
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BARK BEETLES (173)
• Size of rice
• Dark, red, brown, or black
• Southern Pine Beetle
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BARK BEETLES (173)
• Vectors blue stain fungus
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BARK BEETLES (173)
• Larvae tunnel called galleries (packed with frass)
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BARK BEETLES (173)
HOST
• Pine, spruce…
• Plants in weakened state (predisposed)
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BARK BEETLES (173)
DAMAGE• Larvae tunnel through the phloem • Pitch around boring holes• Sawdust below• Further weaken host
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BARK BEETLES (173)
DAMAGE• European Elm Bark Beetle
– 1904 in Boston• Attacks American Elms and introduces spores
of the Dutch Elm Disease (DED)
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BARK BEETLES (173)
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BARK BEETLES (173)
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BARK BEETLES (173)
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BARK BEETLES (173)
MONITORING
• Declining branches– Break open
• Pheromone traps
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BARK BEETLES (173)
CONTROL• Avoid unseasoned firewood storage near
hosts– Cover with plastic for several months
• Destroy infected branches• Systemic insecticides do NOT work once
there are symptoms• Some resistant varieties, such as Valley
Forge American elm
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BORERS (179)
Flathead borers
• Legless grub
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BORERS (179)
Flathead borers
• Metallic adults (copper, blue, green)
• Steamlined, bullet shaped
• Grooved wings
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BORERS (179)
Flathead borers
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BORERS (179)
Roundhead borers
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BORERS (179)
Roundhead borers
• Long antennae (long horn beetles)Long antennae (long horn beetles)
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BORERS (179)
HOST
• Predisposed trees
• Mostly deciduous
• Rarely attack healthy host
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BORERS (179)
DAMAGE
• Larvae bore throughout tree
• Finish off dying host
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BORERS (179)
MONITOR
• Limb dieback
• Boring holes wet or oozing
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BORERS (179)
MONITOR
• Limb dieback
• Boring holes wet or oozing
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BORERS (179)
CONTROL
• Avoid unseasoned firewood storage near hosts
• Destroy infected branches
• Systemic insecticides do NOT work
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TWIG BEETLES
Twig borer
• Lay eggs in twig and introduce Ambrosia fungus
• Larva feed on fungus
• Pupate in twig before winter
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TWIG BEETLES
Twig borer
HOST
• Southern Magnolia, redbud, dogwood…
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TWIG BEETLES
Twig borer
DAMAGE
• Small branches wilting and dying
• Hole located at base
• Does not harm the health on host
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Red Bay Ambrosia Beetle
• Decimating red bay trees
• Red bay wilt (closely related to DED)
• http://okeechobee.ifas.ufl.edu/News%20columns/Red.Bay.htm
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Red Bay Ambrosia Beetle
• Discoloration of outer sapwood
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Red Bay Ambrosia Beetle
• May push out “stick” as it feeds
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