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COHO - Utilizing Waste Heat and Caron Dioxide at Power Plants for Water Treatment

DE-FE0024057Porifera (subcontract to Idaho National Laboratory)

INL Aaron D Wilson Chris OrmePorifera Jen Klare Ravindra Revaneur Charlie Benton Erik Desormeaux Olgica Bakajin

April 2016

Impact of Water on Energy Generation

2Water-Smart Power (2013) Union of Concerned Scientists Select events 2006-2012

An Opportunity in the WaterndashEnergy NexusCan we combine carbon capture with water reuse

Benefits of COHO Use flue gas to drive water purification producing pure CO2 stream and a new water stream for reuse with waste heat

State of the ArtPublications in FOPRO

Topic ldquoforward osmosisrdquo or ldquopressure retarded osmosisrdquo in Web of Science

0

40

80

120

160

200

Num

ber o

f Pub

licat

ions

Year

State of the ArtForward Osmosis Introduction

bull Forward osmosis membrane flux spontaneous (No energy input)bull Primary process energy requirements delivered during draw solute recovery

which can includebull Reverse Osmosis bull Various Distillation including Membrane Distillation and bull Thermal solute separation such as thermolytic solutes (Switchable

Polarity Solvents)

Brine

SalineWater

Membrane

Dilutedraw

solution

Draw solute

recovery

Product Water

Concentrated draw solution

Energy input(deus ex machina)

Fouling Resistance

bullDARPA ldquoChallengerdquo Solution seawater mix contained inorganic salts algae humic acid and arizona fine dust

bullMore than 5x lower fouling rate than UF6

Time (hours)

P

rodu

ctiv

ity (F

lux)

0

25

50

75

100

0 10 20 30 40 50

UltrafiltrationUltrafiltration

Porifera FO MembranePorifera FO Membrane

Data supplied by Porifera

FO Efficiency

7

Efficiency = (091 kWhm3 [2] 281 kWhm3)100 = 33

[1] Lundin CD Benton C Bakajin O AWWA Membrane Technology Conference 2014 Proceedings[2] Reimund KK McCutcheon JR Wilson AD Journal of Membrane Science 487 (2015) 240 ndash 248[3] Tow EW McGovern RK Leinard JH Desalination 366 (2015) 71 ndash 79

FO-RO does not increase energy consumption significantly if the desalination system is designed for energy efficiency

FO 5 5 FO-RO Pilot [1]

Tertiary Amine Switchable Polarity Solventsbull High concentration in polar formbull Can be mechanically separated once switched to non-polar form

1-cyclohexylpiperidinebull 2nd Generation SPS Draw Solute

bull Identified with Quantitative Structural Activity Relationship (QSAR) model

bull Material balances non-orthogonal (interdependent) draw solute properties

1-cyclohexylpiperidenium bicarbonatebull Maximum concentrations over 70 wt

bull Has an osmotic pressure over 500 atm which should extract water from a fully saturated brine solution (614 molKg ~370 atm) precipitating NaCl solid

8

Orme Wilson 1-Cyclohexylpiperidine as a Thermolytic Draw Solute for Engineered Osmosis Desalination 2015 371 126-133McNally Wilson Density Functional Theory Analysis of Steric Impacts on Switchable Polarity Solvent (SPS) Journal of Chemical Physics B 2015 119 6766-6775 Wilson Orme Concentration Dependent Speciation and Mass Transport Properties of Switchable Polarity Solvents RCS Advances 2015 5 7740-7751 Wilson A D Stewart F F Structure-Function Study of Tertiary Amines as Switchable Polarity Solvents RCS Advances 2014 4 11039-11049

Tertiary Amine Switchable Polarity Solvents

bull High concentration in polar formbull Can be mechanically separated once

switched to non-polar form

9

Organic DMCHA+ H2O + CO2

Aqueous DMCHAH-HCO3- H2O - CO2

CO2Sparging

CO2Stripping

HCO3-

Proposed Switchable Polarity Solvents Forward Osmosis System

10

Thermally driven process with the majority of energy input at the CO2 degasser

Stone Rae Stewart WilsonSwitchable Polarity Solvents as Draw Solutes for Forward Osmosis Desalination 2013 312124-129

Wilson Stewart Stone Methods and Systems for Treating Liquids Using Switchable Solvents US20130048561 A1 Wilson Stewart Stone Methods and Systems for Treating Liquids Using Switchable Solvents WO2013032742 A1

High Salinity High Fouling High Recoverybull Pre-treatment can be

the bulk of the water treatment cost

bull Disposal of the waste brine can be the bulk of the water treatment cost

bull State of the art methods are reaching thermodynamic limits but the cost is still too high

bull FO requires little to no pre-treatment

bull High recovery even from high salinity feeds

bull Thermally driven processes uses lower cost energy than electrically driven processes

11

SPS Used in Carbon Capture - Hu

bull CO2 Capture from Flue Gas by Phase Transitional Absorption - Liang Hu (Hampton University 3H Company) DE-FG26-05NT42488 (PM Isaac Aurelio)

bull Post-Combustion CO2 Capture for Existing PC Boilers by Self-Concentrating Amine Absorbent - Liang Hu (3H Company) DE-FE0004274 (PM Morgan Mosser)

12Hu L United States Patent 7541011 - Phase Transitional Absorption Method 7541011 June 2 2009

SPS Used in Carbon Capture ndash DMXTM Process

bull Process Developed at IFP Energies nouvelles(French public-sector research)

13Raynal L Alix P Bouillon P-A Gomez A de Nailly M le F Jacquin M Kittel J di Lella A Mougin P Trapy J The DMXTM Process An Original Solution for Lowering the Cost of Post-Combustion Carbon Capture Energy Procedia2011 4 779ndash786

SPS Used in Carbon Capture ndash Zhang

bull Developed at the Technical University of Dortmund Germany

14Zhang J Qiao Y Agar D W Intensification of Low Temperature Thermomorphic Biphasic Amine Solvent Regeneration for CO2 Capture Chemical Engineering Research and Design 2012 90 743ndash749

Proposed COHO System

Figure 1 Schematic of COHO draw phase switching

The draw solution purifies wastewater (1) using osmotic potential to drive water across a selective membrane (2) The draw solution is generated using carbon dioxide from flue gas to switch the draw solute to the miscible aqueous phase Carbon dioxide (3) is released and clean water is produced (4) by using low-grade heat switching the draw solute (5) back to its original immiscible phase for mechanical separation

CO2 Capture form simulated flue gas

bull CO2 capture from a simulant flue gas (10 CO2 90 N2) bull Need to capture 75 of the CO2 feed the solution while generating a

60 wt solution (osmotic pressure ~325 atm)bull Simplest system possible gas bubbled through a stirred solution

0102030405060708090

100

0 20 40 60

C

O2

Cap

ture

CHP-HCO3 in Solution

FY15 Work (funded by GTO) ndash Moved to continuous process with markedly reduced

time to full conversion

Gas Contactor InvestigationsPrior Work (not funded by GTO) ndash Batch

process long time to full conversion

Glass Gas Wash Bottle bull Pressure ~ambient bull Volume ~05 Lbull Full Conversion

ndash Batch ndash ~2 weeks

Analytical Systembull Pressure ~ambient bull Volume ~0015 Lbull Full Conversion

ndash Batch ndash ~3 days

Pressure systembull Pressure ~40 psibull Volume ~05 Lbull Full Conversion

ndash Batch ndash ~3 hours

2nd Gen Gas Contactorbull Pressure ~ambientbull Volume anybull Full Conversion

ndash Continuous ndash ~05 Lhourndash Easily scalable

Module Scale Gas Contactor

Gas Contactor PressureMixing Study

bull Multiple forms of mass transferndash Gas pressure and flow rate appear to play limited rolesndash Surface areamodule design influences reaction rate

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

CH

P-H

2CO

3m

olal

ity

time (min)

70 psi50 psi15 psi

Gas Contactor Temperature Study

bull Process in part chemical reaction rate limitedndash Sensitive to temperature and solution

pressure

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

CH

P-H

2CO

3m

olal

ity

time (min)

10 degC20 degC30 degC35 degC40 degC

00

05

10

15

20

25

0 100 200 300

ln((

K 2K 3

)[CO

2(aq

)][N

R3(

aq)]

ndash[H

NR

3+ (aq)

+ H

CO

3- (aq)

])

time (min)

-05000510152025

0003 00032 00034 00036ln

(k2)

1T (1K)

Components of Process Development

1 Working Fluid Selection2 Forward Osmosis Membrane

and Module Selection3 Degasser Optimization4 Mechanical Liquid Separator5 Low Pressure Filtration Cell6 Polishing Column Material

Selection and Design7 Gas Contactor Design8 System Design and Testing 9 Process monitoring mythology

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5) (6)

(7)

System Design and Testing

22

Initial scale (2011)

Lab scale (2014)10 gallon per hour pilot system (2015)

Long Term Module Testing (2015)

White House Water Summit 2016 INL FO Module Demonstration

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Wat

er F

lux

(kg

m2 h

r)

CHP Concentration ( molkg )

DI Water

05 molKg NaCl

1 molKg NaCl

Porifera (2014)FO modeFeed DI water~25 ⁰C

CHP flux over a range of concentration feeds

bull FO flux tests against DI water can have limited implications on FO performance against a feed with real world osmotic pressures Thus tests against 05 and 10 molKg NaCl feed solutions

bull There is a modest flux attenuation for CHP vs DMCHA attributed to a shift is rheological properties associated with moving from a 8 to an 11 carbon amine

Christopher Orme

Module Scale Study (2015)

Pre-treatedProduced Water (2015)

Degassing Experiments

bull NN-Dimethylcyclohexylamines (DMCA) requires 95 degC to achieve a good degassing and phase separation at ambient atmospheric pressures

bull Gen 2 can be degassed at 70 degC under ambient atmospheric pressures or less with limited amount of vacuum

bull Gen 2 CHP draw solution to lt2wt with 80 degC and lt2 psi vacuum

0

05

1

15

2

25

3

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Osm

olal

ity (O

smK

g)

Time (min)

70 degC DMCHA80 degC DMCHA95 degC DMCHA70 degC CHP80 degC CHP

Orme Wilson 1-Cyclohexylpiperidine as a Thermolytic Draw Solute for Osmotically Driven Membrane Processes Desalination 2015 371 126ndash133CHP = 1-Cyclohexylpiperidine

Mechanical Liquid Separator ndash Vertical Decanter

26

27

Low pressure osmotic filtration

bull This is required to remove and recycle trace bicarbonates from degassed SPS solution

bull Tested commercially available NFRO membranes for chemical compatibility and selectivity

28

024681012

889092949698

100

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(1R

)

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (2

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (3

R)

feed

con

cent

ratio

n

reje

ctio

n

nanofiltration membranespermeance feed concentration

024681012

002040608

112

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(1R

)

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (2

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (3

R) fe

ed c

once

ntra

tion

perm

eanc

e L

m-2

h-1b

ar-1


0

05

1

15

2

25

0

04

08

12

16

2

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(2R

)

TriS

ep A

CM

1 (1

R)

TriS

ep A

CM

1(2R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(2

R)

reverse osmosis membranes

feed

con

cent

ratio

n

perm

eanc

e L

m-2

h-1b

ar-1

permeance feed concentration

0

05

1

15

2

25

98

984

988

992

996

100

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(2R

)

TriS

ep A

CM

1 (1

R)

TriS

ep A

CM

1(2R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(2

R)


feed

con

cent

ratio

n

reje

ctio

n

rejection feed concentration

NFRO Coupon tests

NF Module amp TW30 Module Test System

bull Less than 100 psi is expected to remove greater than 5 nines of CHP draw

30

NF and RO performance Metricsbull Two staged NFRO membrane system

PermeanceLm2(hrbar)

Rejection

DOW NF90module

55 994

DOW TW30 module

120 970

SPS FO Project Status Mar 2016

1) Working Fluid Selectionbull Cyclohexylpiperidine (CHP) selected

2) Forward Osmosis Membrane and Module Selectionbull Porifera modules are compatiblebull Long term studies underway

3) Degasser Optimizationbull Functional for the reduction of CHP

draw solution to lt2wt with 80 degC and lt2 psi vacuum

4) Mechanical Liquid Separatorbull Model decanter to be tested with

CHP solutions 5) Low Pressure Filtration Cell

bull NF90 and TW30 appear to be optimal membranes for CHP draw solution lt3wt At module scale lt100 psi is expected to be required for gt5 nines removal of CHP draw

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5) (6)

(7)

6) Polishing Column Material Selection and Designbull Useful activated carbons identified

7) Gas Contactorbull Requires lt15 psi for very rapid

industrial relevant gas contactor8) System Design and Testing

bull Purchased FORO systembull Testing with industrial water

9) Process monitoring methodologybull Not ideal but between osmometry

conductivity gas chromatography and FTIR the effort is workable

ASPEN Evidence for SPS FO cost competitiveness

32Wendt D S Orme C J Mines G L Wilson A D Energy requirements of the switchable polarity solvent forward osmosis (SPS-FO) water

purification process Desalination 2015 374 81-91 DOI101016jdesal201507012

Up to 93 Savings over Existing Technologies

33

Cost per 1000 gallons ($)Assumes 20 year project cost based on future PFO pricing

2430

690

164361 254 164

000

500

1000

1500

2000

2500Porifera PFO

Competing Technology

71Savings

93Savings

30Savings

55Savings








34

Funding

35

bull DOE Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Geothermal Technology Office (GTO)

bull DOE Office of Science - Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program

bull DOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE) -National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) Novel Crosscutting Research and Development to Support Advanced Energy Systems

bull Battelle Energy Alliance (INL)bull LDRDbull Royalty Fund

Acknowledgements

bull Frederick F Stewartbull Mark L Stonebull Christopher J Ormebull Michael G Jonesbull Joshua S McNallybull Catherine M Hrbacbull Birendra Adhikaribull Daniel S Wendtbull Gregory L Minesbull Lucia M Petkovicbull Luis A Diaz Aldana

INL Team

Impact of Water on Energy Generation

2Water-Smart Power (2013) Union of Concerned Scientists Select events 2006-2012





0

40

80

120

160

200

Num

ber o

f Pub

licat

ions

Year




Polarity Solvents)

Brine

SalineWater

Membrane

Dilutedraw

solution

Draw solute

recovery

Product Water



Fouling Resistance



Time (hours)

P

rodu

ctiv

ity (F

lux)

0

25

50

75

100

0 10 20 30 40 50




FO Efficiency

7











8





9



CO2Sparging

CO2Stripping

HCO3-


10











11

















0102030405060708090

100

0 20 40 60

C

O2

Cap

ture

















00

05

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

CH

P-H

2CO

3m

olal

ity

time (min)

70 psi50 psi15 psi



pressure

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

CH

P-H

2CO

3m

olal

ity

time (min)


00

05

10

15

20

25

0 100 200 300

ln((

K 2K 3

)[CO

2(aq

)][N

R3(

aq)]

ndash[H

NR

3+ (aq)

+ H

CO

3- (aq)

])

time (min)

-05000510152025

0003 00032 00034 00036ln

(k2)

1T (1K)





(2)

(3)

(4)

(5) (6)

(7)


22





0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Wat

er F

lux

(kg

m2 h

r)


DI Water

05 molKg NaCl

1 molKg NaCl





Christopher Orme







0

05

1

15

2

25

3

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Osm

olal

ity (O

smK

g)

Time (min)




26

27




28

024681012

889092949698

100

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(1R

)

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (2

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (3

R)

feed

con

cent

ratio

n

reje

ctio

n


024681012

002040608

112

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(1R

)

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (2

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (3

R) fe

ed c

once

ntra

tion

perm

eanc

e L

m-2

h-1b

ar-1


0

05

1

15

2

25

0

04

08

12

16

2

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(2R

)

TriS

ep A

CM

1 (1

R)

TriS

ep A

CM

1(2R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(2

R)


feed

con

cent

ratio

n

perm

eanc

e L

m-2

h-1b

ar-1


0

05

1

15

2

25

98

984

988

992

996

100

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(2R

)

TriS

ep A

CM

1 (1

R)

TriS

ep A

CM

1(2R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(2

R)


feed

con

cent

ratio

n

reje

ctio

n


NFRO Coupon tests



30


PermeanceLm2(hrbar)

Rejection

DOW NF90module

55 994

DOW TW30 module

120 970









(2)

(3)

(4)

(5) (6)

(7)











33


2430

690

164361 254 164

000

500

1000

1500

2000

2500Porifera PFO


71Savings

93Savings

30Savings

55Savings








34

Funding

35





Acknowledgements


INL Team





0

40

80

120

160

200

Num

ber o

f Pub

licat

ions

Year




Polarity Solvents)

Brine

SalineWater

Membrane

Dilutedraw

solution

Draw solute

recovery

Product Water



Fouling Resistance



Time (hours)

P

rodu

ctiv

ity (F

lux)

0

25

50

75

100

0 10 20 30 40 50




FO Efficiency

7











8





9



CO2Sparging

CO2Stripping

HCO3-


10











11

















0102030405060708090

100

0 20 40 60

C

O2

Cap

ture

















00

05

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

CH

P-H

2CO

3m

olal

ity

time (min)

70 psi50 psi15 psi



pressure

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

CH

P-H

2CO

3m

olal

ity

time (min)


00

05

10

15

20

25

0 100 200 300

ln((

K 2K 3

)[CO

2(aq

)][N

R3(

aq)]

ndash[H

NR

3+ (aq)

+ H

CO

3- (aq)

])

time (min)

-05000510152025

0003 00032 00034 00036ln

(k2)

1T (1K)





(2)

(3)

(4)

(5) (6)

(7)


22





0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Wat

er F

lux

(kg

m2 h

r)


DI Water

05 molKg NaCl

1 molKg NaCl





Christopher Orme







0

05

1

15

2

25

3

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Osm

olal

ity (O

smK

g)

Time (min)




26

27




28

024681012

889092949698

100

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(1R

)

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (2

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (3

R)

feed

con

cent

ratio

n

reje

ctio

n


024681012

002040608

112

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(1R

)

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (2

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (3

R) fe

ed c

once

ntra

tion

perm

eanc

e L

m-2

h-1b

ar-1


0

05

1

15

2

25

0

04

08

12

16

2

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(2R

)

TriS

ep A

CM

1 (1

R)

TriS

ep A

CM

1(2R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(2

R)


feed

con

cent

ratio

n

perm

eanc

e L

m-2

h-1b

ar-1


0

05

1

15

2

25

98

984

988

992

996

100

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(2R

)

TriS

ep A

CM

1 (1

R)

TriS

ep A

CM

1(2R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(2

R)


feed

con

cent

ratio

n

reje

ctio

n


NFRO Coupon tests



30


PermeanceLm2(hrbar)

Rejection

DOW NF90module

55 994

DOW TW30 module

120 970









(2)

(3)

(4)

(5) (6)

(7)











33


2430

690

164361 254 164

000

500

1000

1500

2000

2500Porifera PFO


71Savings

93Savings

30Savings

55Savings








34

Funding

35





Acknowledgements


INL Team




Polarity Solvents)

Brine

SalineWater

Membrane

Dilutedraw

solution

Draw solute

recovery

Product Water



Fouling Resistance



Time (hours)

P

rodu

ctiv

ity (F

lux)

0

25

50

75

100

0 10 20 30 40 50




FO Efficiency

7











8





9



CO2Sparging

CO2Stripping

HCO3-


10











11

















0102030405060708090

100

0 20 40 60

C

O2

Cap

ture

















00

05

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

CH

P-H

2CO

3m

olal

ity

time (min)

70 psi50 psi15 psi



pressure

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

CH

P-H

2CO

3m

olal

ity

time (min)


00

05

10

15

20

25

0 100 200 300

ln((

K 2K 3

)[CO

2(aq

)][N

R3(

aq)]

ndash[H

NR

3+ (aq)

+ H

CO

3- (aq)

])

time (min)

-05000510152025

0003 00032 00034 00036ln

(k2)

1T (1K)





(2)

(3)

(4)

(5) (6)

(7)


22





0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Wat

er F

lux

(kg

m2 h

r)


DI Water

05 molKg NaCl

1 molKg NaCl





Christopher Orme







0

05

1

15

2

25

3

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Osm

olal

ity (O

smK

g)

Time (min)




26

27




28

024681012

889092949698

100

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(1R

)

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (2

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (3

R)

feed

con

cent

ratio

n

reje

ctio

n


024681012

002040608

112

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(1R

)

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (2

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (3

R) fe

ed c

once

ntra

tion

perm

eanc

e L

m-2

h-1b

ar-1


0

05

1

15

2

25

0

04

08

12

16

2

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(2R

)

TriS

ep A

CM

1 (1

R)

TriS

ep A

CM

1(2R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(2

R)


feed

con

cent

ratio

n

perm

eanc

e L

m-2

h-1b

ar-1


0

05

1

15

2

25

98

984

988

992

996

100

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(2R

)

TriS

ep A

CM

1 (1

R)

TriS

ep A

CM

1(2R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(2

R)


feed

con

cent

ratio

n

reje

ctio

n


NFRO Coupon tests



30


PermeanceLm2(hrbar)

Rejection

DOW NF90module

55 994

DOW TW30 module

120 970









(2)

(3)

(4)

(5) (6)

(7)











33


2430

690

164361 254 164

000

500

1000

1500

2000

2500Porifera PFO


71Savings

93Savings

30Savings

55Savings








34

Funding

35





Acknowledgements


INL Team

Fouling Resistance



Time (hours)

P

rodu

ctiv

ity (F

lux)

0

25

50

75

100

0 10 20 30 40 50




FO Efficiency

7











8





9



CO2Sparging

CO2Stripping

HCO3-


10











11

















0102030405060708090

100

0 20 40 60

C

O2

Cap

ture

















00

05

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

CH

P-H

2CO

3m

olal

ity

time (min)

70 psi50 psi15 psi



pressure

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

CH

P-H

2CO

3m

olal

ity

time (min)


00

05

10

15

20

25

0 100 200 300

ln((

K 2K 3

)[CO

2(aq

)][N

R3(

aq)]

ndash[H

NR

3+ (aq)

+ H

CO

3- (aq)

])

time (min)

-05000510152025

0003 00032 00034 00036ln

(k2)

1T (1K)





(2)

(3)

(4)

(5) (6)

(7)


22





0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Wat

er F

lux

(kg

m2 h

r)


DI Water

05 molKg NaCl

1 molKg NaCl





Christopher Orme







0

05

1

15

2

25

3

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Osm

olal

ity (O

smK

g)

Time (min)




26

27




28

024681012

889092949698

100

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(1R

)

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (2

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (3

R)

feed

con

cent

ratio

n

reje

ctio

n


024681012

002040608

112

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(1R

)

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (2

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (3

R) fe

ed c

once

ntra

tion

perm

eanc

e L

m-2

h-1b

ar-1


0

05

1

15

2

25

0

04

08

12

16

2

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(2R

)

TriS

ep A

CM

1 (1

R)

TriS

ep A

CM

1(2R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(2

R)


feed

con

cent

ratio

n

perm

eanc

e L

m-2

h-1b

ar-1


0

05

1

15

2

25

98

984

988

992

996

100

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(2R

)

TriS

ep A

CM

1 (1

R)

TriS

ep A

CM

1(2R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(2

R)


feed

con

cent

ratio

n

reje

ctio

n


NFRO Coupon tests



30


PermeanceLm2(hrbar)

Rejection

DOW NF90module

55 994

DOW TW30 module

120 970









(2)

(3)

(4)

(5) (6)

(7)











33


2430

690

164361 254 164

000

500

1000

1500

2000

2500Porifera PFO


71Savings

93Savings

30Savings

55Savings








34

Funding

35





Acknowledgements


INL Team

FO Efficiency

7











8





9



CO2Sparging

CO2Stripping

HCO3-


10











11

















0102030405060708090

100

0 20 40 60

C

O2

Cap

ture

















00

05

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

CH

P-H

2CO

3m

olal

ity

time (min)

70 psi50 psi15 psi



pressure

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

CH

P-H

2CO

3m

olal

ity

time (min)


00

05

10

15

20

25

0 100 200 300

ln((

K 2K 3

)[CO

2(aq

)][N

R3(

aq)]

ndash[H

NR

3+ (aq)

+ H

CO

3- (aq)

])

time (min)

-05000510152025

0003 00032 00034 00036ln

(k2)

1T (1K)





(2)

(3)

(4)

(5) (6)

(7)


22





0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Wat

er F

lux

(kg

m2 h

r)


DI Water

05 molKg NaCl

1 molKg NaCl





Christopher Orme







0

05

1

15

2

25

3

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Osm

olal

ity (O

smK

g)

Time (min)




26

27




28

024681012

889092949698

100

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(1R

)

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (2

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (3

R)

feed

con

cent

ratio

n

reje

ctio

n


024681012

002040608

112

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(1R

)

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (2

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (3

R) fe

ed c

once

ntra

tion

perm

eanc

e L

m-2

h-1b

ar-1


0

05

1

15

2

25

0

04

08

12

16

2

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(2R

)

TriS

ep A

CM

1 (1

R)

TriS

ep A

CM

1(2R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(2

R)


feed

con

cent

ratio

n

perm

eanc

e L

m-2

h-1b

ar-1


0

05

1

15

2

25

98

984

988

992

996

100

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(2R

)

TriS

ep A

CM

1 (1

R)

TriS

ep A

CM

1(2R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(2

R)


feed

con

cent

ratio

n

reje

ctio

n


NFRO Coupon tests



30


PermeanceLm2(hrbar)

Rejection

DOW NF90module

55 994

DOW TW30 module

120 970









(2)

(3)

(4)

(5) (6)

(7)











33


2430

690

164361 254 164

000

500

1000

1500

2000

2500Porifera PFO


71Savings

93Savings

30Savings

55Savings








34

Funding

35





Acknowledgements


INL Team







8





9



CO2Sparging

CO2Stripping

HCO3-


10











11

















0102030405060708090

100

0 20 40 60

C

O2

Cap

ture

















00

05

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

CH

P-H

2CO

3m

olal

ity

time (min)

70 psi50 psi15 psi



pressure

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

CH

P-H

2CO

3m

olal

ity

time (min)


00

05

10

15

20

25

0 100 200 300

ln((

K 2K 3

)[CO

2(aq

)][N

R3(

aq)]

ndash[H

NR

3+ (aq)

+ H

CO

3- (aq)

])

time (min)

-05000510152025

0003 00032 00034 00036ln

(k2)

1T (1K)





(2)

(3)

(4)

(5) (6)

(7)


22





0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Wat

er F

lux

(kg

m2 h

r)


DI Water

05 molKg NaCl

1 molKg NaCl





Christopher Orme







0

05

1

15

2

25

3

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Osm

olal

ity (O

smK

g)

Time (min)




26

27




28

024681012

889092949698

100

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(1R

)

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (2

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (3

R)

feed

con

cent

ratio

n

reje

ctio

n


024681012

002040608

112

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(1R

)

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (2

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (3

R) fe

ed c

once

ntra

tion

perm

eanc

e L

m-2

h-1b

ar-1


0

05

1

15

2

25

0

04

08

12

16

2

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(2R

)

TriS

ep A

CM

1 (1

R)

TriS

ep A

CM

1(2R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(2

R)


feed

con

cent

ratio

n

perm

eanc

e L

m-2

h-1b

ar-1


0

05

1

15

2

25

98

984

988

992

996

100

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(2R

)

TriS

ep A

CM

1 (1

R)

TriS

ep A

CM

1(2R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(2

R)


feed

con

cent

ratio

n

reje

ctio

n


NFRO Coupon tests



30


PermeanceLm2(hrbar)

Rejection

DOW NF90module

55 994

DOW TW30 module

120 970









(2)

(3)

(4)

(5) (6)

(7)











33


2430

690

164361 254 164

000

500

1000

1500

2000

2500Porifera PFO


71Savings

93Savings

30Savings

55Savings








34

Funding

35





Acknowledgements


INL Team




9



CO2Sparging

CO2Stripping

HCO3-


10











11

















0102030405060708090

100

0 20 40 60

C

O2

Cap

ture

















00

05

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

CH

P-H

2CO

3m

olal

ity

time (min)

70 psi50 psi15 psi



pressure

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

CH

P-H

2CO

3m

olal

ity

time (min)


00

05

10

15

20

25

0 100 200 300

ln((

K 2K 3

)[CO

2(aq

)][N

R3(

aq)]

ndash[H

NR

3+ (aq)

+ H

CO

3- (aq)

])

time (min)

-05000510152025

0003 00032 00034 00036ln

(k2)

1T (1K)





(2)

(3)

(4)

(5) (6)

(7)


22





0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Wat

er F

lux

(kg

m2 h

r)


DI Water

05 molKg NaCl

1 molKg NaCl





Christopher Orme







0

05

1

15

2

25

3

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Osm

olal

ity (O

smK

g)

Time (min)




26

27




28

024681012

889092949698

100

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(1R

)

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (2

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (3

R)

feed

con

cent

ratio

n

reje

ctio

n


024681012

002040608

112

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(1R

)

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (2

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (3

R) fe

ed c

once

ntra

tion

perm

eanc

e L

m-2

h-1b

ar-1


0

05

1

15

2

25

0

04

08

12

16

2

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(2R

)

TriS

ep A

CM

1 (1

R)

TriS

ep A

CM

1(2R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(2

R)


feed

con

cent

ratio

n

perm

eanc

e L

m-2

h-1b

ar-1


0

05

1

15

2

25

98

984

988

992

996

100

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(2R

)

TriS

ep A

CM

1 (1

R)

TriS

ep A

CM

1(2R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(2

R)


feed

con

cent

ratio

n

reje

ctio

n


NFRO Coupon tests



30


PermeanceLm2(hrbar)

Rejection

DOW NF90module

55 994

DOW TW30 module

120 970









(2)

(3)

(4)

(5) (6)

(7)











33


2430

690

164361 254 164

000

500

1000

1500

2000

2500Porifera PFO


71Savings

93Savings

30Savings

55Savings








34

Funding

35





Acknowledgements


INL Team


10











11

















0102030405060708090

100

0 20 40 60

C

O2

Cap

ture

















00

05

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

CH

P-H

2CO

3m

olal

ity

time (min)

70 psi50 psi15 psi



pressure

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

CH

P-H

2CO

3m

olal

ity

time (min)


00

05

10

15

20

25

0 100 200 300

ln((

K 2K 3

)[CO

2(aq

)][N

R3(

aq)]

ndash[H

NR

3+ (aq)

+ H

CO

3- (aq)

])

time (min)

-05000510152025

0003 00032 00034 00036ln

(k2)

1T (1K)





(2)

(3)

(4)

(5) (6)

(7)


22





0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Wat

er F

lux

(kg

m2 h

r)


DI Water

05 molKg NaCl

1 molKg NaCl





Christopher Orme







0

05

1

15

2

25

3

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Osm

olal

ity (O

smK

g)

Time (min)




26

27




28

024681012

889092949698

100

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(1R

)

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (2

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (3

R)

feed

con

cent

ratio

n

reje

ctio

n


024681012

002040608

112

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(1R

)

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (2

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (3

R) fe

ed c

once

ntra

tion

perm

eanc

e L

m-2

h-1b

ar-1


0

05

1

15

2

25

0

04

08

12

16

2

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(2R

)

TriS

ep A

CM

1 (1

R)

TriS

ep A

CM

1(2R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(2

R)


feed

con

cent

ratio

n

perm

eanc

e L

m-2

h-1b

ar-1


0

05

1

15

2

25

98

984

988

992

996

100

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(2R

)

TriS

ep A

CM

1 (1

R)

TriS

ep A

CM

1(2R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(2

R)


feed

con

cent

ratio

n

reje

ctio

n


NFRO Coupon tests



30


PermeanceLm2(hrbar)

Rejection

DOW NF90module

55 994

DOW TW30 module

120 970









(2)

(3)

(4)

(5) (6)

(7)











33


2430

690

164361 254 164

000

500

1000

1500

2000

2500Porifera PFO


71Savings

93Savings

30Savings

55Savings








34

Funding

35





Acknowledgements


INL Team








11

















0102030405060708090

100

0 20 40 60

C

O2

Cap

ture

















00

05

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

CH

P-H

2CO

3m

olal

ity

time (min)

70 psi50 psi15 psi



pressure

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

CH

P-H

2CO

3m

olal

ity

time (min)


00

05

10

15

20

25

0 100 200 300

ln((

K 2K 3

)[CO

2(aq

)][N

R3(

aq)]

ndash[H

NR

3+ (aq)

+ H

CO

3- (aq)

])

time (min)

-05000510152025

0003 00032 00034 00036ln

(k2)

1T (1K)





(2)

(3)

(4)

(5) (6)

(7)


22





0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Wat

er F

lux

(kg

m2 h

r)


DI Water

05 molKg NaCl

1 molKg NaCl





Christopher Orme







0

05

1

15

2

25

3

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Osm

olal

ity (O

smK

g)

Time (min)




26

27




28

024681012

889092949698

100

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(1R

)

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (2

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (3

R)

feed

con

cent

ratio

n

reje

ctio

n


024681012

002040608

112

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(1R

)

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (2

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (3

R) fe

ed c

once

ntra

tion

perm

eanc

e L

m-2

h-1b

ar-1


0

05

1

15

2

25

0

04

08

12

16

2

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(2R

)

TriS

ep A

CM

1 (1

R)

TriS

ep A

CM

1(2R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(2

R)


feed

con

cent

ratio

n

perm

eanc

e L

m-2

h-1b

ar-1


0

05

1

15

2

25

98

984

988

992

996

100

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(2R

)

TriS

ep A

CM

1 (1

R)

TriS

ep A

CM

1(2R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(2

R)


feed

con

cent

ratio

n

reje

ctio

n


NFRO Coupon tests



30


PermeanceLm2(hrbar)

Rejection

DOW NF90module

55 994

DOW TW30 module

120 970









(2)

(3)

(4)

(5) (6)

(7)











33


2430

690

164361 254 164

000

500

1000

1500

2000

2500Porifera PFO


71Savings

93Savings

30Savings

55Savings








34

Funding

35





Acknowledgements


INL Team

















0102030405060708090

100

0 20 40 60

C

O2

Cap

ture

















00

05

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

CH

P-H

2CO

3m

olal

ity

time (min)

70 psi50 psi15 psi



pressure

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

CH

P-H

2CO

3m

olal

ity

time (min)


00

05

10

15

20

25

0 100 200 300

ln((

K 2K 3

)[CO

2(aq

)][N

R3(

aq)]

ndash[H

NR

3+ (aq)

+ H

CO

3- (aq)

])

time (min)

-05000510152025

0003 00032 00034 00036ln

(k2)

1T (1K)





(2)

(3)

(4)

(5) (6)

(7)


22





0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Wat

er F

lux

(kg

m2 h

r)


DI Water

05 molKg NaCl

1 molKg NaCl





Christopher Orme







0

05

1

15

2

25

3

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Osm

olal

ity (O

smK

g)

Time (min)




26

27




28

024681012

889092949698

100

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(1R

)

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (2

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (3

R)

feed

con

cent

ratio

n

reje

ctio

n


024681012

002040608

112

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(1R

)

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (2

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (3

R) fe

ed c

once

ntra

tion

perm

eanc

e L

m-2

h-1b

ar-1


0

05

1

15

2

25

0

04

08

12

16

2

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(2R

)

TriS

ep A

CM

1 (1

R)

TriS

ep A

CM

1(2R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(2

R)


feed

con

cent

ratio

n

perm

eanc

e L

m-2

h-1b

ar-1


0

05

1

15

2

25

98

984

988

992

996

100

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(2R

)

TriS

ep A

CM

1 (1

R)

TriS

ep A

CM

1(2R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(2

R)


feed

con

cent

ratio

n

reje

ctio

n


NFRO Coupon tests



30


PermeanceLm2(hrbar)

Rejection

DOW NF90module

55 994

DOW TW30 module

120 970









(2)

(3)

(4)

(5) (6)

(7)











33


2430

690

164361 254 164

000

500

1000

1500

2000

2500Porifera PFO


71Savings

93Savings

30Savings

55Savings








34

Funding

35





Acknowledgements


INL Team
















00

05

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

CH

P-H

2CO

3m

olal

ity

time (min)

70 psi50 psi15 psi



pressure

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

CH

P-H

2CO

3m

olal

ity

time (min)


00

05

10

15

20

25

0 100 200 300

ln((

K 2K 3

)[CO

2(aq

)][N

R3(

aq)]

ndash[H

NR

3+ (aq)

+ H

CO

3- (aq)

])

time (min)

-05000510152025

0003 00032 00034 00036ln

(k2)

1T (1K)





(2)

(3)

(4)

(5) (6)

(7)


22





0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Wat

er F

lux

(kg

m2 h

r)


DI Water

05 molKg NaCl

1 molKg NaCl





Christopher Orme







0

05

1

15

2

25

3

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Osm

olal

ity (O

smK

g)

Time (min)




26

27




28

024681012

889092949698

100

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(1R

)

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (2

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (3

R)

feed

con

cent

ratio

n

reje

ctio

n


024681012

002040608

112

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(1R

)

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (2

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (3

R) fe

ed c

once

ntra

tion

perm

eanc

e L

m-2

h-1b

ar-1


0

05

1

15

2

25

0

04

08

12

16

2

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(2R

)

TriS

ep A

CM

1 (1

R)

TriS

ep A

CM

1(2R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(2

R)


feed

con

cent

ratio

n

perm

eanc

e L

m-2

h-1b

ar-1


0

05

1

15

2

25

98

984

988

992

996

100

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(2R

)

TriS

ep A

CM

1 (1

R)

TriS

ep A

CM

1(2R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(2

R)


feed

con

cent

ratio

n

reje

ctio

n


NFRO Coupon tests



30


PermeanceLm2(hrbar)

Rejection

DOW NF90module

55 994

DOW TW30 module

120 970









(2)

(3)

(4)

(5) (6)

(7)











33


2430

690

164361 254 164

000

500

1000

1500

2000

2500Porifera PFO


71Savings

93Savings

30Savings

55Savings








34

Funding

35





Acknowledgements


INL Team



pressure

00

05

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

CH

P-H

2CO

3m

olal

ity

time (min)


00

05

10

15

20

25

0 100 200 300

ln((

K 2K 3

)[CO

2(aq

)][N

R3(

aq)]

ndash[H

NR

3+ (aq)

+ H

CO

3- (aq)

])

time (min)

-05000510152025

0003 00032 00034 00036ln

(k2)

1T (1K)





(2)

(3)

(4)

(5) (6)

(7)


22





0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Wat

er F

lux

(kg

m2 h

r)


DI Water

05 molKg NaCl

1 molKg NaCl





Christopher Orme







0

05

1

15

2

25

3

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Osm

olal

ity (O

smK

g)

Time (min)




26

27




28

024681012

889092949698

100

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(1R

)

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (2

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (3

R)

feed

con

cent

ratio

n

reje

ctio

n


024681012

002040608

112

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(1R

)

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (2

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (3

R) fe

ed c

once

ntra

tion

perm

eanc

e L

m-2

h-1b

ar-1


0

05

1

15

2

25

0

04

08

12

16

2

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(2R

)

TriS

ep A

CM

1 (1

R)

TriS

ep A

CM

1(2R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(2

R)


feed

con

cent

ratio

n

perm

eanc

e L

m-2

h-1b

ar-1


0

05

1

15

2

25

98

984

988

992

996

100

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(2R

)

TriS

ep A

CM

1 (1

R)

TriS

ep A

CM

1(2R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(2

R)


feed

con

cent

ratio

n

reje

ctio

n


NFRO Coupon tests



30


PermeanceLm2(hrbar)

Rejection

DOW NF90module

55 994

DOW TW30 module

120 970









(2)

(3)

(4)

(5) (6)

(7)











33


2430

690

164361 254 164

000

500

1000

1500

2000

2500Porifera PFO


71Savings

93Savings

30Savings

55Savings








34

Funding

35





Acknowledgements


INL Team





(2)

(3)

(4)

(5) (6)

(7)


22





0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Wat

er F

lux

(kg

m2 h

r)


DI Water

05 molKg NaCl

1 molKg NaCl





Christopher Orme







0

05

1

15

2

25

3

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Osm

olal

ity (O

smK

g)

Time (min)




26

27




28

024681012

889092949698

100

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(1R

)

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (2

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (3

R)

feed

con

cent

ratio

n

reje

ctio

n


024681012

002040608

112

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(1R

)

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (2

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (3

R) fe

ed c

once

ntra

tion

perm

eanc

e L

m-2

h-1b

ar-1


0

05

1

15

2

25

0

04

08

12

16

2

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(2R

)

TriS

ep A

CM

1 (1

R)

TriS

ep A

CM

1(2R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(2

R)


feed

con

cent

ratio

n

perm

eanc

e L

m-2

h-1b

ar-1


0

05

1

15

2

25

98

984

988

992

996

100

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(2R

)

TriS

ep A

CM

1 (1

R)

TriS

ep A

CM

1(2R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(2

R)


feed

con

cent

ratio

n

reje

ctio

n


NFRO Coupon tests



30


PermeanceLm2(hrbar)

Rejection

DOW NF90module

55 994

DOW TW30 module

120 970









(2)

(3)

(4)

(5) (6)

(7)











33


2430

690

164361 254 164

000

500

1000

1500

2000

2500Porifera PFO


71Savings

93Savings

30Savings

55Savings








34

Funding

35





Acknowledgements


INL Team


22





0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Wat

er F

lux

(kg

m2 h

r)


DI Water

05 molKg NaCl

1 molKg NaCl





Christopher Orme







0

05

1

15

2

25

3

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Osm

olal

ity (O

smK

g)

Time (min)




26

27




28

024681012

889092949698

100

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(1R

)

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (2

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (3

R)

feed

con

cent

ratio

n

reje

ctio

n


024681012

002040608

112

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(1R

)

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (2

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (3

R) fe

ed c

once

ntra

tion

perm

eanc

e L

m-2

h-1b

ar-1


0

05

1

15

2

25

0

04

08

12

16

2

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(2R

)

TriS

ep A

CM

1 (1

R)

TriS

ep A

CM

1(2R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(2

R)


feed

con

cent

ratio

n

perm

eanc

e L

m-2

h-1b

ar-1


0

05

1

15

2

25

98

984

988

992

996

100

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(2R

)

TriS

ep A

CM

1 (1

R)

TriS

ep A

CM

1(2R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(2

R)


feed

con

cent

ratio

n

reje

ctio

n


NFRO Coupon tests



30


PermeanceLm2(hrbar)

Rejection

DOW NF90module

55 994

DOW TW30 module

120 970









(2)

(3)

(4)

(5) (6)

(7)











33


2430

690

164361 254 164

000

500

1000

1500

2000

2500Porifera PFO


71Savings

93Savings

30Savings

55Savings








34

Funding

35





Acknowledgements


INL Team


0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Wat

er F

lux

(kg

m2 h

r)


DI Water

05 molKg NaCl

1 molKg NaCl





Christopher Orme







0

05

1

15

2

25

3

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Osm

olal

ity (O

smK

g)

Time (min)




26

27




28

024681012

889092949698

100

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(1R

)

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (2

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (3

R)

feed

con

cent

ratio

n

reje

ctio

n


024681012

002040608

112

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(1R

)

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (2

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (3

R) fe

ed c

once

ntra

tion

perm

eanc

e L

m-2

h-1b

ar-1


0

05

1

15

2

25

0

04

08

12

16

2

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(2R

)

TriS

ep A

CM

1 (1

R)

TriS

ep A

CM

1(2R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(2

R)


feed

con

cent

ratio

n

perm

eanc

e L

m-2

h-1b

ar-1


0

05

1

15

2

25

98

984

988

992

996

100

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(2R

)

TriS

ep A

CM

1 (1

R)

TriS

ep A

CM

1(2R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(2

R)


feed

con

cent

ratio

n

reje

ctio

n


NFRO Coupon tests



30


PermeanceLm2(hrbar)

Rejection

DOW NF90module

55 994

DOW TW30 module

120 970









(2)

(3)

(4)

(5) (6)

(7)











33


2430

690

164361 254 164

000

500

1000

1500

2000

2500Porifera PFO


71Savings

93Savings

30Savings

55Savings








34

Funding

35





Acknowledgements


INL Team





0

05

1

15

2

25

3

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Osm

olal

ity (O

smK

g)

Time (min)




26

27




28

024681012

889092949698

100

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(1R

)

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (2

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (3

R)

feed

con

cent

ratio

n

reje

ctio

n


024681012

002040608

112

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(1R

)

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (2

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (3

R) fe

ed c

once

ntra

tion

perm

eanc

e L

m-2

h-1b

ar-1


0

05

1

15

2

25

0

04

08

12

16

2

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(2R

)

TriS

ep A

CM

1 (1

R)

TriS

ep A

CM

1(2R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(2

R)


feed

con

cent

ratio

n

perm

eanc

e L

m-2

h-1b

ar-1


0

05

1

15

2

25

98

984

988

992

996

100

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(2R

)

TriS

ep A

CM

1 (1

R)

TriS

ep A

CM

1(2R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(2

R)


feed

con

cent

ratio

n

reje

ctio

n


NFRO Coupon tests



30


PermeanceLm2(hrbar)

Rejection

DOW NF90module

55 994

DOW TW30 module

120 970









(2)

(3)

(4)

(5) (6)

(7)











33


2430

690

164361 254 164

000

500

1000

1500

2000

2500Porifera PFO


71Savings

93Savings

30Savings

55Savings








34

Funding

35





Acknowledgements


INL Team


26

27




28

024681012

889092949698

100

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(1R

)

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (2

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (3

R)

feed

con

cent

ratio

n

reje

ctio

n


024681012

002040608

112

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(1R

)

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (2

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (3

R) fe

ed c

once

ntra

tion

perm

eanc

e L

m-2

h-1b

ar-1


0

05

1

15

2

25

0

04

08

12

16

2

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(2R

)

TriS

ep A

CM

1 (1

R)

TriS

ep A

CM

1(2R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(2

R)


feed

con

cent

ratio

n

perm

eanc

e L

m-2

h-1b

ar-1


0

05

1

15

2

25

98

984

988

992

996

100

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(2R

)

TriS

ep A

CM

1 (1

R)

TriS

ep A

CM

1(2R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(2

R)


feed

con

cent

ratio

n

reje

ctio

n


NFRO Coupon tests



30


PermeanceLm2(hrbar)

Rejection

DOW NF90module

55 994

DOW TW30 module

120 970









(2)

(3)

(4)

(5) (6)

(7)











33


2430

690

164361 254 164

000

500

1000

1500

2000

2500Porifera PFO


71Savings

93Savings

30Savings

55Savings








34

Funding

35





Acknowledgements


INL Team

27




28

024681012

889092949698

100

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(1R

)

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (2

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (3

R)

feed

con

cent

ratio

n

reje

ctio

n


024681012

002040608

112

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(1R

)

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (2

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (3

R) fe

ed c

once

ntra

tion

perm

eanc

e L

m-2

h-1b

ar-1


0

05

1

15

2

25

0

04

08

12

16

2

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(2R

)

TriS

ep A

CM

1 (1

R)

TriS

ep A

CM

1(2R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(2

R)


feed

con

cent

ratio

n

perm

eanc

e L

m-2

h-1b

ar-1


0

05

1

15

2

25

98

984

988

992

996

100

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(2R

)

TriS

ep A

CM

1 (1

R)

TriS

ep A

CM

1(2R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(2

R)


feed

con

cent

ratio

n

reje

ctio

n


NFRO Coupon tests



30


PermeanceLm2(hrbar)

Rejection

DOW NF90module

55 994

DOW TW30 module

120 970









(2)

(3)

(4)

(5) (6)

(7)











33


2430

690

164361 254 164

000

500

1000

1500

2000

2500Porifera PFO


71Savings

93Savings

30Savings

55Savings








34

Funding

35





Acknowledgements


INL Team

28

024681012

889092949698

100

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(1R

)

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (2

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (3

R)

feed

con

cent

ratio

n

reje

ctio

n


024681012

002040608

112

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(1R

)

GE

Osm

onic

s DL

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (2

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

NF9

0 (3

R) fe

ed c

once

ntra

tion

perm

eanc

e L

m-2

h-1b

ar-1


0

05

1

15

2

25

0

04

08

12

16

2

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(2R

)

TriS

ep A

CM

1 (1

R)

TriS

ep A

CM

1(2R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(2

R)


feed

con

cent

ratio

n

perm

eanc

e L

m-2

h-1b

ar-1


0

05

1

15

2

25

98

984

988

992

996

100

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(1R

)

DO

W F

IMLT

EC B

W30

(2R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

AC

(2R

)

TriS

ep A

CM

1 (1

R)

TriS

ep A

CM

1(2R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(1R

)

Tora

y 73

HA

(2R

)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(1

R)

DO

W F

ILM

TEC

SW

30X

LE(2

R)


feed

con

cent

ratio

n

reje

ctio

n


NFRO Coupon tests



30


PermeanceLm2(hrbar)

Rejection

DOW NF90module

55 994

DOW TW30 module

120 970









(2)

(3)

(4)

(5) (6)

(7)











33


2430

690

164361 254 164

000

500

1000

1500

2000

2500Porifera PFO


71Savings

93Savings

30Savings

55Savings








34

Funding

35





Acknowledgements


INL Team



30


PermeanceLm2(hrbar)

Rejection

DOW NF90module

55 994

DOW TW30 module

120 970









(2)

(3)

(4)

(5) (6)

(7)











33


2430

690

164361 254 164

000

500

1000

1500

2000

2500Porifera PFO


71Savings

93Savings

30Savings

55Savings








34

Funding

35





Acknowledgements


INL Team









(2)

(3)

(4)

(5) (6)

(7)











33


2430

690

164361 254 164

000

500

1000

1500

2000

2500Porifera PFO


71Savings

93Savings

30Savings

55Savings








34

Funding

35





Acknowledgements


INL Team





33


2430

690

164361 254 164

000

500

1000

1500

2000

2500Porifera PFO


71Savings

93Savings

30Savings

55Savings








34

Funding

35





Acknowledgements


INL Team








34

Funding

35





Acknowledgements


INL Team

Funding

35





Acknowledgements


INL Team

coho - utilizing waste heat and caron dioxide at power ... · 22/4/2016 · figure 1. schematic of...

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