用于原子核基本性质测量的激光核谱技术 -...
TRANSCRIPT
-
北京大学物理学院核物理与核技术国家重点实验室
用于原子核基本性质测量的激光核谱技术
-
2
Contents
General physics motivation
Laser spectroscopy technique and recent highlights
Hyperfine structure andnuclear properties
Development of Laser spectroscopy
-
3
Nuclear structure of exotic isotopes
• How does the nuclear chart emerge from underlying interactions?
• How does nuclear structure evolve across the nuclear landscape?
• What shape can nuclei adopt?• What are the limits of existence of nuclei?• …....... 《NuPECC LRP 2017》
-
4
Nuclear structure of exotic isotopes Exotic phenomena near dripline Nuclear astrophysics Super heavy element
Radioactive ion beam Experimental investigation Theoretical development
Experiments: Reactions, αβγ decay, basic properties measurement……
-
Nuclear properties of (exotic) nuclei
5
test for state-of-the-art nuclear theories input for nuclear astrophysics models insight into the nuclear structure study of the nucleon-nucleon interaction
• Mass and Lifetime• Spin and Parity• Nuclear Magnetic dipole and
Electric quadrupole moments• Charge Radii and matter radii
核天体
Can be measured with one technique: laser spectroscopy
-
6
Halo nuclei,He, Li, Be
IOI, Na, Mg, Al
32,34Ca, N=32,34
68,78Ni, N=40 ,50
Deformation N=60
100, 132Sn
Shapes (Pb)
Heavier mass
Deformed 1/2+ intruder g.s in 31Mg
Deformed 1/2+ intruderisomer in 79Zn
New isomers in 101In--coming soon
ISOLDE, IGISOL,GSI, TRIUMF,ATLAS,GANIL,NSCL, RIKEN,…….
• Exotic phenomenon (halo,shell evolution,deformation…)*Radioactive molecules* Nature, (2020)
Achievements until now
-
7
Contents
General physics motivation
Laser spectroscopy technique and recent highlights
Hyperfine structure andnuclear properties
Development of Laser spectroscopy
-
8
From Atoms to Nuclei
Electronic energy level structure
3S
3P
2P1/2
2P3/2
2S1/2
THz eV~508 2.1 ~500 ~10-3
GHz eV MHz eV
~200 ~10-6
𝑙𝑙 𝐽𝐽 = 𝑙𝑙 + 𝑠𝑠 𝐹𝐹 = 𝐽𝐽 + 𝐼𝐼 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑙𝑙𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑛𝑛𝑠𝑠
Only in HFS precision level,nuclear information are involved
--Spectroscopy of electronic transitions of atoms/ions
-
3S1
3P2// ν
1/2
I = 3/2
3/2
5/2
1/23/25/2
7/2
-2.5A+1.25B
-A+B
1.5A+0.25B
Atomic hyperfine structure△E= A・K/2 + B・{3K(K+1)/4 –I(I+1)J(J+1)}/{2(2I-1)(2J-1)IJ}, K=F(F+1)-I(I+1)-J(J+1)
Fine structure𝐽𝐽 = 𝑙𝑙 + 𝑠𝑠 𝐹𝐹 = 𝐽𝐽 + 𝐼𝐼 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑙𝑙𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑛𝑛𝑠𝑠
Hyperfine structure
All quantities are deduced (nuclear) model-independently
I µ Qs 1/2
IJBA JIµ=
zzeQVB =
• Magnetic dipole HF parameter
• Electric quadrupole HF parameter
• Centroid ν0 => Isotopes shift
Atomic parameters
I, µ
Qs
δν𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨′ = 𝑀𝑀𝐴𝐴′−𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴′
+𝐹𝐹 δ𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨′
9
Chart1
0
1500010002302.2461855.9751129.6031149.2496699.4915679.79623980.31
2500010002302.2461855.9751129.6031149.2496699.4915679.79623980.31
3500010002302.2461855.9751129.6031149.2496699.4915679.79623980.31
4500010002302.2461855.9751129.6031149.2496699.4915679.79623980.31
5500010002302.2461855.9751129.6031149.2496699.4915679.79623980.31
6500010002302.2461855.9751129.6031149.2496699.4915679.79623980.31
7500010002302.2461855.9751129.6031149.2496699.4915679.79623980.31
8500010002302.2461855.9751129.6031149.2496699.4915679.79623980.31
9500010002302.2461855.9751129.6031149.2496699.4915679.79623980.31
10500010002302.2461855.9751129.6031149.2496699.4915679.79623980.31
Sheet1
plotcenter 3000point
55000397.2448755397.244875
55000-622.4494254377.550575
55000843.51555843.5155
55000-176.17884823.8212
55000-1875.66933124.3307
55000550.19315550.1931
55000-1149.29743850.7026
55000-168.94314831.0569
GsIJorderdetal Ecenter
1.520.51302.2456250.530004302.245625
1.521.5855.9750.530003855.975
1.522.5129.6031250.530003129.603125
1.523.5-850.751250.530002149.24875
0.5
EsIJorder0.5
1.510.51699.49050.580009699.4905
1.511.5679.79620.580008679.7962
1.512.5-1019.69430.580006980.3057
gs-esrela. energyenergy
0.5->0.5397.244875c+397.244875
0.5->1.5-622.449425c-622.449425
1.5->0.5843.5155c+843.5155
1.5->1.5-176.1788c-176.1788
1.5->2.5-1875.6693c-1875.6693
2.5->1.5550.193075c-550.1931
2.5->2.5-1149.297425c-1149.2974
3.5->2.5-168.94305c-168.9431
73ZnI =1.54p2 A=-285.325 B=+69.655s1 A=-679.7962 B=0?
Sheet1
Sheet2
plot
1500010002302.2461855.9751129.6031149.2496699.4915679.79623980.31
2500010002302.2461855.9751129.6031149.2496699.4915679.79623980.31
3500010002302.2461855.9751129.6031149.2496699.4915679.79623980.31
4500010002302.2461855.9751129.6031149.2496699.4915679.79623980.31
5500010002302.2461855.9751129.6031149.2496699.4915679.79623980.31
6500010002302.2461855.9751129.6031149.2496699.4915679.79623980.31
7500010002302.2461855.9751129.6031149.2496699.4915679.79623980.31
8500010002302.2461855.9751129.6031149.2496699.4915679.79623980.31
9500010002302.2461855.9751129.6031149.2496699.4915679.79623980.31
10500010002302.2461855.9751129.6031149.2496699.4915679.79623980.31
Sheet2
Sheet3
-
Observables from laser spectroscopy---and its link to nuclear information
SpinParity
MagneticMoment
Shell evolution/Magicity
Correlations/deformation
Providing complementary nuclear information!
PRL110(2013)172503, PRL 203(2009)142501
Input for nuclear theories Nat. Phys. 12(2016)596; Nat. Phys.15(2019)432
PRL 116(2016)032501, Nat. Phys. 14(2018)1163
QuadrupoleMoments
Charge Radii
Halo, astrophysics…PRL 112, 162502 (2014);PRL 119(2017)122502
10
-
11
Contents
General physics motivation
Laser spectroscopy techniques and recent highlights
Hyperfine structure andnuclear properties
Development of Laser spectroscopy
-
Production of radioactive beams
• ISOLDE@CERN• GANIL-SPIRA@GANIL• ISAC@TRIUMF• EUROSOL@EU (planned)• BISOL @CIAE/PKU(Planned)
• FAIR@GSI• FRIB@MSU• BigRIPS, RIPIS@RIKEN• HIAF@IMP (Funded)
High energyLow energy
Phys. Scr. T152 (2013) 014023 (24pp)
e.g. Ca,Zn,Kr,U
e.g. 1H,2H
Phys. Scr. T152 (2013) 014023 (24pp)
-
Laser spectroscopy methods
Ion detectionPhoton detection
Single laser beam Multiple laser beams
-Laser spectroscopy of trapped atoms………
-In source spectroscopy-In gas cell/ gas-jet spectroscopy………
J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 37 (2010) 113101 ; Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 86, 127 (2016).
GS
Ex
GS
Ex
IP
-Collinear laser spectroscopy -Collinear resonant ionization
13
-
Collinear laser spectroscopy
In source spectroscopy
Ion/atom trap(e.g MOT )
In-gas-cell/Jet
=>polarized beam=>decay/β-NMR
=> Laser ion source
Laser spectroscopy techniques
GS
Ex
GS
Ex=>decay/application
GS
Ex
IP
GS
Ex
IP
=> Laser ion source
J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 37 (2010) 113101 (38pp)Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 86, 127 (2016).
-
Ion/atom trap(e.g MOT )
In-gas-cell/Jet
-
Ion/atom trap(e.g MOT )
In-gas-cell/Jet
200 MHz< 10 ions/sI, u,
Laser spectroscopy techniques
Collinear laser spectroscopy
In source spectroscopy
-
CERN-ISOLDE(COLLAPS/CRIS)
Collinear laser spectroscopy
Collinear resonantionization spectroscopy
Polarized RI beamusing laser techniques
RI beams producedusing laser ion sources
http://isolde.web.cern.ch
http://isolde.web.cern.ch/
-
18
Collinear laser spectroscopy (COLLAPS)
Collinear : High resolution Photon detec.: Sensitivity 103 pps
http://collaps.web.cern.ch/
GS
Ex
5 μs
RFQ 211
transition laserβν νβ
−=
−2 40
2 20
1( )
M cUq M c
β = −+
-
19
Collinear ionization laser spectroscopy(CRIS)
Collinear: High resolution Ion detection: Higher sensitivity
http://isolde-cris.web.cern.ch/isolde-cris/
GS
Ex
IP
R.P. De Groote et al.,PRL. 115 (2015) 132501
2014: 20 MHz Fr 2016: 20 ions/s 78Cu
R.P. De Groote et al.,PRL C96(2017)041302(R)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.132501
-
20
48,52,54Ca: K, Sc, Ca
68,78Ni : Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge…Ni: PRL124(2020)132502;Cu: Nat.Phy16(2020)620;Zn: PLB797(2019)134805;Cu: PRC96(2017)041302(R);Zn: PRC97(2019)044324Zn: PLB771(2017) 385;Zn: PRL116(2016)182502 ;
Ca: NP12(2016) 594;Ca: PPC750(2015)041304(R); K: PRC100(2019)034304;
Nat.Phy.12(2016) 594
The 52Ca Might Have Just Lost Its 'Magic' Status
Sn:PRL122(2019)192502Cd:PRL121 (2018)102501In: PRX8(2018)041005Cd:PRL116(2016) 032501
• http://collaps.web.cern.ch/people• http://isolde-cris.web.cern.ch/isolde-cris/• With strong collaboration with theoretical collages
Research interests (COLLAPS/CRIS)*Radioactive molecules* Nature581(2020)396
100,132Sn : In, Sn, Sb…
-
21
100,132Sn : In, Sn, Sb…
48,52,54Ca: K, Sc, Ca
68,78Ni : Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge…𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓K𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑
(Z=32)K: A.Koszorus, X.Yang* et al., PRC100(2019)034304A.Koszorus, X.Yang* et al., (in preparation)A.Koszorus*, X.Yang* et al., (Submitted to Nat.Phys)(Z=21) Sc: S.W. Bai, X. Yang* et al (In preparation)
62-80Zn:-X.Yang* et al., PRL116 (2016) 182502
(Editor’s suggestion)-C. Wraith, X.Yang* et al., PLB 771(2017)385-X.Yang* et al., PRC. 97 (2018) 044324-L. Xie, X.Yang* et al, PLB 797(2019)124805(Z=32)Ge: A. Kanellakopoulos, X.Yang* et al.,(in preparation)
Research interests (COLLAPS/CRIS)
-
22
“New magic numbers” (N = 32, N = 34)!!
Wienholtz et al, Nature, 2013 Rosenbusch et al., PRL, 2015
K, Ca (Z = 19,21): S2n
Steppenbeck et al, Nature 2013 (RIKEN)
Ca (Z = 20) : E(2+)
PRL 114, 252501 (2015)
Ar (Z = 18) : E(2+)
Theory N=32 (Ca) N=34 (Ca) Ref.
Shell model GXPF1A, KB3GE(2+), S2n
GXPF1BrE(2+)
PRC 65, 061301(R) (2002) JPS Conf. Proc. 6 (2015) 010007Nature 498,346(2013)
Shell modelChiral EFT (3N)
MBPTE(2+), S2n
MBPTE(2+)
Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 2015. 65
Ab initioChiral EFT (3N)
CCE(2+), S2n
CCE(2+)
Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 2015. 65
Beyond MF E(2+) PRL 99, 062501 (2007)
-
23
“New magic numbers” (N = 32, N = 34)!!??
-
24
Garcia Ruiz et al, PRC 91 041304 (2015)
Garcia Ruiz et al, Nature Physics 2016, Kreim et al, PLB 2014
“New magic numbers” (N = 32, N = 34) ??
?
Theoretical challenges
-
A.Koszorus, X.F. Yang* et al., PRC100, 034304 (2019): Reaching higher precision of ~1 MHz for light mass isotopes. 25
Charge radius of 52K (N=32 magic?) δν𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨′ = 𝑀𝑀𝐴𝐴
′−𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴′
+𝐹𝐹 δ𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨′
-
26
Charge radius of 52K (N=32 magic?)
• CRIS for 47-51K< 2 hours
• CRIS for 52K
-
27
Charge radius of 52K (N=32 magic?)
• CRIS for 52K
-
28
Charge radius of 52K (N=32 magic?)
Cross N = 32 for the first time!!
• New F, M largely reduced the systematic errors
• The increased radii at N =32 has similar trend for open-shell e.g. Mn
• No sign of magicity atN=32
New Journal of Physics 22, 012001(2020)
-
29
Charge radius of 52K (N=32 magic?)
R.F. Garcia Ruiz et al., Nat.Phys.12(2016) 594
!
Ab initio CC (NNLOsat)Fitting to the data of binding energies and radii of selected nuclei up to mass number A = 25.
SRG1 and SRG2Fitting only to properties of A≤4
Newly developed ΔNNLOgo• Fitting only to properties of A≤4
and nuclear saturation properties• Includes pion-physics and effects of
the (1232) isobar.
Improved CC method• start from a symmetry-breaking
reference state• Allow to calculate the radii of whole
K chain
2016
2020
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphys3645
-
30
Contents
General physics motivation
Laser spectroscopy techniques and recent highlights
Hyperfine structure andnuclear properties
Development of Laser spectroscopy
-
31
World-wide RI beam facilities
-
32
TRIUMF FRIBATLAS
GANIL
GSICERN BRIF-BISOL
HAIFRIKEN
RAON
ALTO
CFBS
LaSpec
CARIBU
LUMIERE
HELIOS
BECOLA
CRIS COLLAPS
RILIS
VITO
RILIS
IGISOL
RILIS
CLS/RILIS
SLOWRI
OROCHIHIRFL
HIAF-CLS
operation under construction/test planned
Nuclear properties Laser ion source Application
World-wide laser spectroscopy
BISOL-CLS
Development of laser spectroscopy
-
33
First application:BRIF@CIAE (北京放射性离子装置)
First online measurement!!
Available beams
BRIF
平面图
• 100 MeV proton beam (200uA) +Target
• kW ISOL Target +online separator
-
34
Light detection
CEC
laser
RIbeam
First application:BRIF@CIAE (北京放射性离子装置)
Ion beam
Layout around BRIF
Photon detectionGS
Ex
-
35
beam
Ion optics
Coupling of laser and ion
Layout of laser spectroscopy at BRIF
First application:BRIF@CIAE (北京放射性离子装置)
Supported by NFSC Nuclear Technology Innovation Joint Fund!!
-
“Exotic structure”
“New observables”
104 103 102 101FWHM(MHz)
Sens
itivi
ty(
pps)
103
102
101
100
⁄𝝁𝝁 𝜹𝜹 r𝟓𝟓 𝑰𝑰,𝑸𝑸𝒔𝒔, r𝟓𝟓𝟏𝟏/𝟓𝟓
In-source
Collinear
FWHM:
-
Sub-atomic Particle Detection Laboratory
-
38
DetectorRoom
Laser lab
Col
linea
r la
ser
spec
tros
copy
Offline laser spectroscopy lab
SKLSub-atomic Particle Detection Laboratory
-
3939
Offline laser spectroscopy lab
-
40
Final goal: To be applied at the new facilities at theirearly stage
“HIAF”
Under construction
“BISOL”
Planned
High-Intensity Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility
Beijing Isotope-Separation-On-Line
-
41
Summary and outlook!!
• Laser spectroscopy is a powerful tool to access multiple nuclear properties of exotic isotopes.
• For the exotic nuclear structure study in different mass region of nuclear chart.
• Continues efforts are still on going toward a higher resolution and higher sensitivity.
• Important benchmark for the test and development of state-of-art nuclear theory.
Potentially have many aspects of applications using RI beams
-
42
“An atomic nucleus is an elephant”Prof. Jacek Dobaczewski
Joint efforts!!
-
43
https://collaps.web.cern.ch
http://isolde-cris.web.cern.ch/isolde-cris/
J. Billowes, C. Binnersley, T.E. Cocolios, G. Farooq-Smith, K.T. Flanagan, W. Gins, K.M. Lynch,S. Franchoo, M. Bissell, R.P. De Groote, R.F. Garcia Ruiz, A. KoszorusG. Neyens, C. Ricketts, H.H. Stroke, A. Vernon, K. Wendt, S. Wilkins, X.F Yang
M. Bissell, K. Blaum, B. Cheal, R.F. Garcia Rniz, C. Gorges, H. Heyle ,S. Kanfma , M. Kowalska, S. Malbrunot-Ettenauer, R. Nengart, G. Neyens,W. Nortershanser, L. Vazqnez-Rodrignez, X.F. Yang, D. Yordanov
-
44
Experimental Nuclear Physics Group
http://genp.pku.edu.cn/News.html
Sep. 22th, 2019
-
45
http://genp.pku.edu.cn/LPNP/research.html
Laser Spectroscopy and Nuclear properties
-
46
Thanks for your attention!
幻灯片编号 1幻灯片编号 2幻灯片编号 3幻灯片编号 4幻灯片编号 5幻灯片编号 6幻灯片编号 7幻灯片编号 8幻灯片编号 9幻灯片编号 10幻灯片编号 11幻灯片编号 12幻灯片编号 13幻灯片编号 14幻灯片编号 15幻灯片编号 16幻灯片编号 17幻灯片编号 18幻灯片编号 19幻灯片编号 20幻灯片编号 21幻灯片编号 22幻灯片编号 23幻灯片编号 24幻灯片编号 25幻灯片编号 26幻灯片编号 27幻灯片编号 28幻灯片编号 29幻灯片编号 30幻灯片编号 31幻灯片编号 32幻灯片编号 33幻灯片编号 34幻灯片编号 35幻灯片编号 36幻灯片编号 37幻灯片编号 38幻灯片编号 39幻灯片编号 40幻灯片编号 41幻灯片编号 42幻灯片编号 43幻灯片编号 44幻灯片编号 45幻灯片编号 46