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Cocker Spaniels

ContentsArticles

Cocker Spaniel 1English Cocker Spaniel 8American Cocker Spaniel 16

ReferencesArticle Sources and Contributors 23Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 24

Article LicensesLicense 25

Cocker Spaniel 1

Cocker Spaniel

Cocker Spaniel

An orange roan English Cocker Spaniel with docked tail at a conformation show.

Other names American Cocker Spaniel (American breed outside of America)English Cocker Spaniel (British breed, outside of Britain)

Nicknames Cockers

Traits

Height Male ACS: {14.5–15.5 inches (37–39cm)ECS: 15.5–16 inches (39–41 cm)

Female ACS: 13.5–14.5 inches (34–37 cm)ECS: 15–15.5 inches (38–39 cm)

Classification and standards

Notes The term cocker spaniel is a term used to describe two separately recognized dog breeds.

Dog (Canis lupus familiaris)

Cocker spaniel refers to two modern breeds of dogs of the spaniel dog type: the American Cocker Spaniel and theEnglish Cocker Spaniel, both of which are commonly called simply Cocker Spaniel in their countries of origin. Itwas also used as a generic term prior to the 20th century for a small hunting Spaniel. Cocker spaniels were originallybred as hunting dogs in the United Kingdom, with the term "cocker" deriving from their use to hunt the EurasianWoodcock. When the breed was brought to the United States it was bred to a different standard which enabled it tospecialize in hunting the American Woodcock. Further physical changes were bred into the cocker in the UnitedStates during the early part of the 20th century due to the preferences of breeders.Spaniels were first mentioned in the 14th century by Gaston III of Foix-Béarn in his work the Livre de Chasse. The"cocking" or "cocker spaniel" was first used to refer to a type of field or land spaniel in the 19th century. Prior to1901, Cocker Spaniels were only separated from Field Spaniels and Springer Spaniels by weight. Two dogs areconsidered to be the foundation sires of both modern breeds, the English variety are descended from Ch. Obo, whilethe American breed descends from Obo's son, Ch. Obo II. In the United States, the English Cocker was recognizedas separate from the native breed in 1946; in the UK, the American type was recognized as a separate breed in 1970.In addition, there is a second strain of English Cocker Spaniel, a working strain which is not bred to a standard but toworking ability. Both breeds share similar coat colors and health issues with a few exceptions.

Cocker Spaniel 2

History

A drawing of English and Welsh Cockers, fromJohn Henry Walsh's (under the pseudonym

"Stonehenge") 1859 work The Dog in Health andDisease

While their origins are unknown, "spaynels" are mentioned in 14thcentury writings.[1] It is commonly assumed that they originated inSpain, and Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York in his 15th centurywork The Master of Game introduces them as "Another kind of houndthere is that be called hounds for the hawk and spaniels, for their kindcometh from Spain, notwithstanding that there are many in othercountries."[2] The Master of Game was mostly an English translation ofan earlier 14th century Old French work by Gaston III of Foix-Béarnentitled Livre de Chasse.[3]

In 1801, Sydenham Edwards wrote in Cynographia Britannica that the"Land Spaniel" is divided into two types: the hawking,springing/springer and the cocking/cocker spaniel.[4] The term"cocker" came from the dog's use in hunting Woodcocks.[5] During the19th century the term "cocker spaniel" was used to describe a type of

small Field Spaniel, which at the time was also a general term to describe a number of different spaniel huntingbreeds including the Norfolk Spaniel, Sussex Spaniel and Clumber Spaniel. While there were no Sussex Cockers orClumber Cockers, there were dogs known as Welsh Cockers and Devonshire Cockers.[6] The Welsh or Devonshirewere considered cockers until 1903 when they were recognized by The Kennel Club as the Welsh SpringerSpaniel.[7]

Ch. Obo II, foundation sire of the AmericanCocker Spaniel

Prior to the 1870s, the only requirement for a dog to be classed as aCocker Spaniel was that it needed to weigh less than 25 pounds(11 kg), although breeders separated the cocker from the King CharlesSpaniel which remains a smaller breed of spaniel.[8] This maximumweight limit remained on the Cocker Spaniel until 1901, with largerdogs being classed as Springer Spaniels.[9] The colors of theDevonshire and Welsh Cockers were described by John Henry Walshunder the pseudonym Stonehenge in his book The Dog in Health andDisease as being a deeper shade of liver than that of the SussexSpaniel.[10] Following the formation of The Kennel Club in the UK in1873, efforts were made by breeders to record the pedigrees of cockersand springers. In 1892, English Cocker Spaniels and English SpringerSpaniels were recognized as separate breeds by The Kennel Club.[11]

There are two dogs which are thought to be the foundation sires of both modern breeds of cocker spaniels. Ch. Obois considered by breed enthusiasts to be the father of the modern English Cocker Spaniel, while his son, Ch. Obo II,is considered to be the progenitor of the American Cocker Spaniel.[12] Obo was born in 1879, at which pointregistration as a cocker was still only by size and not by ancestry. He was the son of a Sussex Spaniel and a FieldSpaniel.[7] Although Obo was an English dog, Obo II was born on American shores – his mother was shipped to theUnited States while pregnant.[12] During his lifetime, it was claimed in advertisements that Obo II was the sire orgrandsire of nearly every prize winning cocker in America.[13]

Cocker Spaniel 3

Modern breeds

A graph showing the height and shape differencebetween the American and English Cocker.

There are two modern breeds of cocker spaniel, the English CockerSpaniel and the American Cocker Spaniel.[14] They were bred as gundogs; to use their sense of smell to cover low areas near the handler inorder to flush birds into the air to be shot, and to use their eyes andnose to locate the bird once downed, and then to retrieve the bird witha soft mouth.[15] The major differences between the English andAmerican varieties is that the American is smaller with a shorter back,a domed head and a shorter muzzle, while the English variety is tallerwith a narrower head and chest.[14]

Cocker spaniels coats come in a variety of colors including black, liver,red and golden in solids.[16] There are also black and tan, and sometimes liver and tan, as well as a variety of colormixtures of those solid colors including roans, roan and tans, tricolors and those solid colors with additional whitemarkings.[17] [18]

Rare colors can appear unexpectedly in certain lines, for instance while an all-white cocker is usually bred byselective breeding of very light golden strains, they can still appear very uncommonly to parents who are darkcolored. A noted occurrence of this happened in 1943, when a grandson of My Own Brucie, Best in Show at theWestminster Kennel Club Dog Show in 1940 and 1941, was born all-white.[19]

In its native United States, the American Cocker Spaniel was ranked the 23rd most popular breed according toregistration statistics of the AKC in 2009, a decrease in popularity since 1999 when it was ranked 13th.[20] Fortwenty five years the American Cocker Spaniel was the most popular dog in America. It was ranked number one firstin 1936 prior to the English Cocker Spaniel being recognized as a separate breed, and held onto the spot until 1952when Beagles became the most popular dog. It regained the spot in 1983 and held on at number one until 1990.[21] Inthe UK, the American Cocker Spaniel is far less popular than its English cousin with 322 registrations compared tothe English Cocker's 22,211 in 2009.[22]

English Cocker Spaniel

A golden English Cocker Spaniel of the showstrain

Called simply Cocker Spaniel in the UK,[23] this is the breed that wasoriginally recognized by The Kennel Club (KC) in 1892.[11] TheAmerican Kennel Club (AKC) recognized the English Cocker Spanielas a separate breed in 1946.[14]

The size of the English Cocker Spaniel according to the KC is 15.5–16inches (39–41 cm) at the withers for males, and 15–15.5 inches (38–39cm) for females. The weight of a show dog should be 28–32 pounds(13–15 kg).[23]

The English Cocker Spaniel is the most successful breed at the mostpopular dog show in the UK, Crufts, with seven best-in-show winssince the prize was first awarded in 1928. This was mostly due to the

success of dog breeder H.S. Lloyd's Ware Kennel, dogs of which won best-in-show on six occasions between1930–1950.[24] They are the second most popular dog breed in the UK according to statistics released by the KCwith 22,211 registrations in 2009, beaten only by the Labrador Retriever with 40,943. In third place was the EnglishSpringer Spaniel with 12,700.[25] The English Cocker's popularity has increased steadily since 1999 in the UnitedStates when they were ranked 76th in registrations by the AKC, to 2009 when they were ranked 66th.[20]

Cocker Spaniel 4

There are physical differences between the show strains and working strains in the UK. While the show strain is bredto the conformation standard, the working strain is bred for working ability and as such several physical differenceshave appeared. Working type dogs tend to be larger with flatter heads and shorter ears. The coat also tends to befiner than the show variety and have less feathering.[26]

American Cocker Spaniel

A recently groomed American Cocker Spaniel

Cocker Spaniels were recognized by the AKC in 1878. Generallysmaller than its English cousin, separate classes were created for thetwo types in America in 1935 and the Cocker Spaniel Club of Americadiscouraged breeding between the two types in 1938.[14] The AmericanCocker Spaniel was recognized as a separate breed by the KC in theUK in 1970.[27] The American Cocker Spaniel is referred to as theCocker Spaniel within the United States.[14]

The American Cocker Spaniel was bred smaller as AmericanWoodcocks are smaller than their European cousins, and the breedsappearance changed slightly during the first part of the 20th century asthe preference by American breeders was for a more stylizedappearance.[7] The standard size according to the AKC is between 14.5–15.5 inches (37–39 cm) at the withers formales and 13.5–14.5 inches (34–37 cm) for females.[28] The weight of the breed is on average between 24–30pounds (11–14 kg).[29]

At the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show, the most prestigious dog show in the United States,[30] the AmericanCocker Spaniel has won best-in-breed on four occasions since its first award in 1907. The most successful breed isthe Wire Fox Terrier with thirteen wins.[31] The American Cocker Spaniel is judged in three separate breed classesunder AKC rules; "black", "parti-color", and "any solid color other than black..." (ASCOB).[32]

Common health issuesIn a survey conducted by the Kennel Club (UK), the American Cocker Spaniels had a median age of death of tenyears and four months,[33] while the English Cocker Spaniel had a median age of eleven years and two months.[34]

According to the survey, the most common cause of death for both breeds was cancer, while old age was the secondmost common cause.[33] [34] The two modern breeds are susceptible to several health problems. Issues common tothe two breeds include ear infections, and a variety of eye problems. A large number of breeds are susceptible to hipdysplasia. in a survey conducted by Orthopedic Foundation for Animals, the American Cocker Spaniel was ranked115th out of 157 different breeds, with 1 being the highest percentage dysplastic and 157 being the lowest percentagedysplastic. The English Cocker was ranked 129th.[35]

Cocker Spaniel 5

Otitis externa

Severe otitis externa in a cocker spaniel, the earcanal is inflamed and swollen shut

Cocker spaniels and other dogs that have long, pendulous ears aremore predisposed to ear problems than some other breeds. The fold ofthe ear can prevent air from entering, and it also creates a warm, moistenvironment where organisms can grow. Otitis externa is aninflammation of the ear canal which can be caused by a variety offactors including parasites, microorganisms, foreign bodies, tumors,and underlying dermatological disease. Ear mites can cause otitisexterna; ticks and fleas can also live in dogs' ear canals.[36]

The most common canine ear problems are caused by microorganisms,especially yeast infections. The most common variety of this isMalassezia pachydermatitis. Symptoms can include the dog shaking itshead or scratching at its ears more frequently. The ear canal will appear inflamed, a pus-like substance will bedischarged in some cases, and the ear will smell quite pungent in most cases. Treatment for the more common causesof otitis externa in dogs often includes flushing the ears with an antibacterial solution. In some cases,anti-inflammatory medication is prescribed. Some conditions can increase the chance of ear infections, includingliving in a humid environment and frequent swimming or bathing without adequate drying of the ear afterwards.[36]

Eye conditionsProgressive retinal atrophy (PRA) is a term given to several diseases which affect a dog's eyesight and can lead toblindness. It has been documented in a large number of different dog breeds including both the American andEnglish Cocker Spaniels. The two types of Cockers are susceptible to a specific type of PRA called Progressiverod-cone degeneration (PRCD), symptoms include night blindness leading to total blindness between the ages ofthree and five.[37] PRCD is the most widespread hereditary retinal disease which may lead to blindness in dogs.[38]

Another leading cause of blindness is Canine glaucoma. This is an increase in the pressure of the fluid in the eyewhich, if left untreated, can cause visual impairment and eventual loss of sight. The condition can be inherited(Primary glaucoma) or a secondary condition to a variety of other eye issues including tumors or lens luxation.[39]

Both breeds are affected by juvenile cataracts which can occur at up to four years of age. Symptoms can includediscoloring of the pupil, and treatment may include surgery to remove the cataract.[40]

ReferencesFootnotes[1] Sucher (1999): p. 7[2] York (1909): p. 119[3] York (1909): p. xii[4] Smith, A.C. (1932). Gun Dogs - Their Training, Working and Management. London: Seeley, Service & Co.. p. 89.[5] Case, Linda P. (2005). The Dog: Its Behavior, Nutrition, and Health (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=2e_AToP1yREC&

pg=RA1-PA32& dq=cocker+ spaniel& cd=169#v=onepage& q=cocker spaniel& f=false) (2nd ed.). Ames, Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 32.ISBN 978-0813812540. .

[6] Walsh, John Henry (1906). The Dogs Of Great Britain, America, And Other Countries. Their Breeding, Training, and Management in Healthand Disease (http:/ / chestofbooks. com/ animals/ dogs/ Dog-Breeding/ The-Field-Spaniel-Continued-Sussex-Spaniel-Cocker-Spaniel. html).New York: Orange Judd Company. .

[7] "The Cocker Spaniel: Fine Feathered Friend" (http:/ / www. petpublishing. com/ dogken/ breeds/ cocker. shtml). Dog & Kennel. 1999. .[8] Sucher (1999): p. 8[9] Kolehouse, Bobbie. "Dusting Off History to Look at Cocker Hunting Tradition" (http:/ / www. spanieljournal. com/ bkolehouse. html).

Spaniel Journal. . Retrieved 26 April 2010.[10] Walsh (1887): p. 109[11] Palika (2009): p. 19

Cocker Spaniel 6

[12] Palika (2009): p. 21[13] "Obo II Stud Card" (http:/ / www. asc-cockerspaniel. org/ images/ history/ obostud. pdf) (PDF). American Spaniel Club. . Retrieved 26

April 2010.[14] Riggsbee, Nikki (2008). Training Your Cocker Spaniel (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=sa_jUdT3R3cC& pg=PA3& dq=cocker+

spaniel+ 1946& cd=3#v=onepage& q=cocker spaniel 1946& f=false). Hauppauge, New York: Barron's Educational Series.ISBN 978-0764140358. .

[15] "Cocker Spaniel" (http:/ / www. nationalgundog. org/ gundogbreeds/ cocker. htm). National Gundog Association. . Retrieved 26 April 2010.[16] "Colours and Markings" (http:/ / www. thecockerspanielclub. co. uk/ colours. htm). The Cocker Spaniel Club. . Retrieved 5 October 2010.[17] "Colours and Markings Page 2" (http:/ / www. thecockerspanielclub. co. uk/ colours2. htm). The Cocker Spaniel Club. . Retrieved 5 October

2010.[18] "Colours and Markings Page 3" (http:/ / www. thecockerspanielclub. co. uk/ colours3. htm). The Cocker Spaniel Club. . Retrieved 5 October

2010.[19] "White Cocker: "Brucie" grandson is rare color" (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=FVUEAAAAMBAJ& pg=PA40& dq=cocker+

spaniel& cd=26#v=onepage& q=cocker spaniel& f=false). Life. 13 December 1943. p. 40. . Retrieved 25 April 2010.[20] "AKC Dog Registration Statistics" (http:/ / www. akc. org/ reg/ dogreg_stats. cfm). American Kennel Club. . Retrieved 26 April 2010.[21] "AKC Registration Statistics Fact Sheet" (http:/ / www. akc. org/ press_center/ facts_stats. cfm?page=popular_pooches). American Kennel

Club. . Retrieved 26 April 2010.[22] "Quarterly Registration Statistics for the Gundog Group" (http:/ / www. thekennelclub. org. uk/ download/ 3075/

Quarterly-breed-stats-gundogs. pdf) (PDF). The Kennel Club. . Retrieved 26 April 2010.[23] "Spaniel (Cocker) Breed Standard" (http:/ / www. thekennelclub. org. uk/ item/ 113). The Kennel Club. December 2008. . Retrieved 24

April 2010.[24] Jackson, Frank (1990). Crufts: The Official History. London: Pelham Books. pp. 198–200. ISBN 0 7207 1889 9.[25] "Top Twenty Breeds in Registration Order for the Years 2008 and 2009" (http:/ / www. thekennelclub. org. uk/ download/ 7748/ Top-20.

pdf) (PDF). The Kennel Club. . Retrieved 26 April 2010.[26] "Frequently Asked Cocker Questions" (http:/ / www. thecockerspanielclub. co. uk/ cocker_faq. htm). The Cocker Spaniel Club. . Retrieved

26 April 2010.[27] Quelch, John (1988). The Early Days of the American Cocker Spaniel in the United Kingdom. American Cocker Spaniel Club of Great

Britain.[28] "AKC Meet the Breeds: Cocker Spaniel" (http:/ / www. akc. org/ breeds/ cocker_spaniel/ ). American Kennel Club. . Retrieved 25 April

2010.[29] Palika, Liz (31 August 2007). The Howell Book of Dogs: The Definitive Reference to 300 Breeds and Varieties (http:/ / books. google. co.

uk/ books?id=YB-d9fxVGFQC& pg=PA206& dq=cocker+ spaniel& cd=27#v=onepage& q=cocker spaniel& f=false). Hoboken, New Jersey:John Wiley & Sons. p. 206. ISBN 978-0470009215. . Retrieved 25 April 2010.

[30] Del Rosario, Ron (17 February 2010). "Westminster Dog Show 2010 Results : Best in Show Results" (http:/ / www. thedailyinquirer. net/westminster-dog-show-2010-results-best-in-show-results/ 029596). The Daily Inquirer. . Retrieved 25 April 2010.

[31] "Best-in-show Winners" (http:/ / www. westminsterkennelclub. org/ history/ biswinners. html). Westminster Kennel Club. . Retrieved 25April 2010.

[32] "2010 Breed Judging Results" (http:/ / www. westminsterkennelclub. org/ 2010/ results/ breed/ index2. html). Westminster Kennel Club. 16February 2010. . Retrieved 25 April 2010.

[33] "Summary results of the Purebred Dog Health Survey for American Cocker Spaniels" (http:/ / www. thekennelclub. org. uk/ download/1500/ hsamericancockerspaniel. pdf) (PDF). The Kennel Club. . Retrieved 22 January 2011.

[34] "Summary results of the Purebred Dog Health Survey for English Cocker Spaniels" (http:/ / www. thekennelclub. org. uk/ download/ 1537/hscockerspaniel. pdf) (PDF). The Kennel Club. . Retrieved 22 January 2011.

[35] "Hip Dysplasia Statistics" (http:/ / www. offa. org/ stats_hip. html). Orthopedic Foundation for Animals. December 2009. . Retrieved 1 May2010.

[36] Thomas, Dennis W.. "An Ear Full of Auditory Advice" (http:/ / workingdogs. com/ doc0079. htm). Working Dogs.com. . Retrieved 2 May2010.

[37] Smith, DVM, Marty. "Progressive Retinal Atrophy/Degeneration in Dogs" (http:/ / www. peteducation. com/ article. cfm?c=2+ 2092&aid=343). PetEducation.com. . Retrieved 1 May 2010.

[38] "Linkage analysis and comparative mapping of canine progressive rod–cone degeneration (prcd) establishes potential locus homology withretinitis pigmentosa (RP17) in humans" (http:/ / ukpmc. ac. uk/ articles/ PMC19692/ ). UK PubMed Central. 2 January 1998. . Retrieved 1May 2010.

[39] "What is glaucoma?" (http:/ / www. upei. ca/ ~cidd/ Diseases/ ocular disorders/ glaucoma. htm). Canine Inherited Disorders Database. 28March 2002. . Retrieved 1 May 2010.

[40] "What are cataracts?" (http:/ / www. upei. ca/ ~cidd/ Diseases/ ocular disorders/ cataracts. htm). Canine Inherited Disorders Database. 29December 2004. . Retrieved 1 May 2010.

Bibliography

Cocker Spaniel 7

• Walsh, John Henry (1887). The Dog in Health and Disease (http:/ / www. archive. org/ stream/doginhealthandd00walsgoog/ doginhealthandd00walsgoog_djvu. txt). London: Longmans & Green.

• Edward, Second Duke of York (1909). The Master of Game (http:/ / www. archive. org/ stream/masterofgameoldexx00edwa#page/ n9/ mode/ 2up). London: Chatto & Windus.

• Sucher, Jamie (1999). Cocker Spaniels. Complete Pet Owner's Manual (2nd ed.). Hauppauge, New York:Barron's Educational Series. ISBN 978-0764110344.

• Palika, Liz (2009). Cocker Spaniel: Your Happy Healthy Pet (http:/ / books. google. com/books?id=tVdraCvRVNcC& pg=PP1& dq=cocker+ spaniel& cd=1#v=onepage& q& f=false) (2nd ed.).Hoboken, New Jersey: Howell Book House. ISBN 978-0470390603.

External links• American Cocker Spaniel (http:/ / www. dmoz. org/ Recreation/ Pets/ Dogs/ Breeds/ Sporting-Gundog_Group/

Cocker_Spaniel,_American/ / ) at the Open Directory Project• English Cocker Spaniel (http:/ / www. dmoz. org/ Recreation/ Pets/ Dogs/ Breeds/ Sporting-Gundog_Group/

Cocker_Spaniel,_English/ / ) at the Open Directory Project

English Cocker Spaniel 8

English Cocker Spaniel

English Cocker Spaniel

Golden English Cocker Spaniel

Other names Cocker Spaniel

Nicknames CockerMerry Cocker Woker

Country of origin England

Traits

Classification and standards

FCI Group 8 Section 2 #005 standard [1]

AKC Sporting standard [2]

ANKC Group 3 (Gundogs) standard [3]

CKC Group 1 - Sporting Dogs standard [4]

KC (UK) Gundog standard [5]

NZKC Gundog standard [6]

UKC Gun Dog standard [7]

Dog (Canis lupus familiaris)

The English Cocker Spaniel is a breed of gun dog. The English Cocker Spaniel is an active, good-natured, sportingdog, standing well up at the withers and compactly built.[8] There are "field" or "working" cockers and "show"cockers. It is one of several varieties of spaniel and somewhat resembles its American cousin, the American CockerSpaniel, although it is closer to the working-dog form of the Field Spaniel and the Springer Spaniel.Outside the US, the breed is usually known simply as the Cocker Spaniel, as is the American Cocker Spaniel within the US. Due to the breed's happy disposition and continuously wagging tail, it has been given the cute nickname "merry cocker".[9] They can be also dominant and loyal to their companion. Their health issues are typical for a purebred dog breed; however they are closely associated with rage syndrome even though cases are really quite rare.

English Cocker Spaniel 9

The word cocker is commonly held to stem from their use to hunt woodcock.[10]

History

Modern black Show-type EnglishCocker

Spaniel type dogs have been found in art and literature for almost 500 years.[11]

Initially, spaniels in England were divided among land spaniels and waterspaniels. The differentiation among the spaniels that led to the breeds that we seetoday did not begin until the mid-19th century. During this time, the landspaniels became a bit more specialised and divisions among the types were madebased upon weight. According to the 1840 Encyclopedia of Rural Sports,Cockers were 12–20 lb (5.5–9 kg).[11] At this time it was not uncommon forCockers and Springers to come from the same litter. Even a puppy from a “Toy”sized lineage could grow to be a springer.[11]

There is no indication from these early sources that spaniels were used to retrievegame. Rather they were used to drive the game toward the guns.[11]

During the 1850s and 1860s, other types of Cockers were recorded. There wereWelsh Cockers and Devonshire Cockers. Additionally, small dogs from SussexSpaniel litters were called Cockers.[11] In 1874 the first stud books werepublished by the newly formed kennel club. Any spaniel under 25 lb (11 kg) wasplaced in the Cocker breeding pool, however the Welsh Cocker was reclassified as a Springer in 1903 due to itslarger size and shorter ear.[11] "...in those days only those dogs up to a hard day’s work and sensible specimens wereallowed to live, as absolute sporting purposes were about their only enjoyment and dog shows were hardly heardof...".[11]

Cocker Spaniel circa 1915

The sport of conformation showing began in earnest among spanielsafter the Spaniel Club was formed in 1885. When showing, the newSpringer and Cocker, both were in the same class until The SpanielClub created breed standards for each of the types. The Kennel Clubseparated the two types eight years later. Since then, the Springer andCocker enthusiasts have bred in the separate traits that they desired.Today, the breed differ in more ways than weight alone.

At Crufts, the English Cocker Spaniel has been the most successfulbreed in winning Best in Show, winning on a total of seven occasionsbetween 1928 and 2009, with wins in 1930, 1931, 1938, 1939, 1948,1950 and 1996. In addition, the breed make up three of the four winners who have won the title on more than oneoccasion with all three coming from H.S. Lloyd's Ware kennel. Due to World War II, the English Cocker Spanielmanaged to be the only breed to have won the title between 1938 and 1950, although the competition was only heldon four occasions during that period. The most recent best in show was Sh. Ch. Canigou Cambrai in 1996.[12] [13]

Field SpanielIn the late 19th century with the increase in popularity of dog shows and the creation of standards for various breeds,the Spaniel family began to split into various different breeds. A group of enthusiasts decided to create a large blackspaniel breed. Four dogs would act as progenitors for this new breed, of which two were Cocker Spaniels, one was aCocker Spaniel/English Water Spaniel cross and one was a Norfolk Spaniel. This new breed was named the FieldSpaniel, and was recognised by the Kennel Club in 1892.[14]

English Cocker Spaniel 10

American Cocker SpanielThe American Cocker Spaniel was developed from the English Cocker Spaniel in the 19th century to retrieve quailand woodcock. They were originally divided from the English Cocker solely on a size basis, but were bred over theyears for different specific traits.[10] The two Cocker Spaniels were shown together in America until 1936, when theEnglish Cocker received status as a separate breed. The American Kennel Club granted a separate breed designationfor the English Cocker Spaniel in 1946.[8]

Description

A field-bred English Cocker Spaniel

The English Cocker Spaniel is a sturdy, compact, well-balanced dog. It has acharacteristic expression showing intelligence and alertness. Its eyes should bedark and its lobular ears should reach "a bit past" the tip of the nose when pulledforward.[8] Today, a significant difference in appearance exists betweenfield-bred and conformation show-bred dogs. The Cocker's tail is customarilydocked in North America.[8] In countries where docking is legal, the tail isgenerally docked at about 4–5 inches (10–13 cm) in field-bred dogs while showdogs generally are docked closer to the body. Docking is now illegal in Australia,South Africa and Scotland. In England and Wales, docking can only be carriedout on dogs where the owners have proved that the dogs will be used as workingor shooting dogs.[15]

The breed standard indicates that the males of the breed are on average between15.5–16 inches (39–41 cm) at the withers with the females a little smaller,growing to between 15–15.5 inches (38–39 cm). Both males and females of the breed weigh approximately 13–14.5kilograms (29–32 lb).[16] American Cocker Spaniels are smaller, with the males being on average between14.25–15.5 inches (36.2–39 cm), and females again being smaller on average at between 13.5–14.5 inches (34–37cm), both weighing approximately 11–13 kilograms (24–29 lb).[10] The closely related English Springer Spaniels arelarger than either types of cockers, growing to between 19–19.75 inches (48–50.2 cm) for the females, and 19.25–20inches (48.9–51 cm) for the males, and weighing between 23–25 kilograms (51–55 lb).[17]

The English Cocker Spaniel is similar to the English Springer Spaniel and at first glance the only major difference isthe larger size of the Springer. However English Cockers also tend to have longer, and lower-set ears than EnglishSpringers. In addition Springers also tend to have a longer muzzle, their eyes are not as prominent and the coat is lessabundant.[18]

English Cocker Spaniel 11

Colour

Young English Cocker Spaniel withBlack and Tan markings

Breed standards restrict dogs to certain colours for the purposes of conformationshowing (dependent on country), whereas working Cockers can be any of a widevariety of colours. For instance, the breed standard of the United Kingdom'sKennel Club states that in solid colours, no white is allowed except for on thechest.[16]

They come in solid (or "self"), particoloured, and roan types of markings. Thecolours themselves in the breed consist of black, liver with brown pigmentation,red with black or brown pigmentation, golden with black or brownpigmentation,[19] sable, silver, ash, black and tan, liver and tan,[20] blue roan,liver roan, orange roan with black or brown pigmentation, lemon roan with blackor brown pigmentation, black and white ticked, liver and white ticked, orangeand white ticked with black or brown pigmentation, lemon and white ticked withblack or brown pigmentation,[21] black and white, liver and white with brownpigmentation, orange and white with black or brown pigmentation, lemon andwhite with black or brown pigmentation.[22] Of the solid colours, sable isconsidered rare, and is classified by some countries as being a type of particolour on account of its mixed hair shafts.White is black/brown pigmentation is also considered rare, and is also usually classified as a particolour too. Inaddition a silver/ash colour, usually associated with the Weimaraner breed of dog, is considered genetically possiblebut is yet to be recorded by the United Kingdom's Kennel Club.[20] Of the roan varieties, lemon roan with a lightbrown pigmentation is the most recessive of all the roans.[21] Plain white Cockers are rarely born, and are thought tobe more prone to deafness than those with more pigmentation. As such they are generally not encouraged in thebreed.[22]

TemperamentThe English Cocker Spaniel can be stubborn, but can be easily trained and make a good medium-sized family pet.[23]

The breed does not like being alone,[24] and will bond strongly to an individual person in a family. Known foroptimism, intelligence and adaptability, the breed is extremely loyal and affectionate. They rank 18th in StanleyCoren's The Intelligence of Dogs, being of excellent working/obedience intelligence.[25]

A link between coat colour and temperament has been proposed.[26] This link could be the colour pigment melanin,which is biochemically similar to chemicals that act as transmitters in the brain. A study made by the University ofCambridge involving over 1,000 Cocker Spaniel households throughout Britain concluded that solid colour Cockerswere more likely to be aggressive in 12 out of 13 situations. Red/golden Cockers were shown to be the mostaggressive of all, in situations involving strangers, family members, while being disciplined, and sometimes for noapparent reason.[27] [28] A study by Spanish researchers at the Autonomous University of Barcelona revealed asimilar link between golden Cockers and aggression. Males were also more likely to be aggressive. The study foundthe English Cocker Spaniel to have the highest level of owner- and stranger- directed aggression compared to otherbreeds.[28] [29]

English Cocker Spaniel 12

Health

3 month old gold English Cocker puppy

English Cocker Spaniels in UK and USA/Canada have an averagelifespan of 11 to 12 years,[30] which is a typical longevity for purebreddogs, but a little less than most other breeds of their size.[31] TheEnglish Cocker Spaniel typically lives about a year longer than thesmaller American Cocker Spaniel.[30]

In a 2004 UK Kennel Club survey, the most common causes of deathwere cancer (30%), old age (17%), cardiac (9%), and "combinations"(7%).[32]

In 1998 and 2002 USA/Canada Health Surveys, the leading causes ofdeath were old age (40%) and cancer (22%).[33] [34]

Common health issues with English Cockers are bite problems, skin allergies, shyness, cataracts, deafness (affecting6.3% of the dogs of this breed[35] ), aggression towards other dogs, and benign tumours.[34]

Some uncommon health issues that can also have an effect on English Cocker Spaniels include canine hip dysplasia,patellar lunation, canine dilated cardiomyopathy, and heart murmurs. Hip dysplasia is an abnormal formation of thehip joint which is the most common cause of canine arthritis in the hips.[36] Patellar Lunation, also known as luxatingpatella, refers to the dislocation of the kneecap. Canine dilated cardiomyopathy is an adult onset condition whichoccurs when the heart muscle is weak and does not contract properly. It can lead to congestive heart failure, which iswhere fluid accumulates in the lungs, chest, abdominal cavities, or under the skin.[37] [38] Dilated cardiomyopathy isoften accompanied by abnormal heart rhythms, or arrhythmias which can complicate treatment.[37]

Rage SyndromeRage Syndrome is described as when a dog attacks suddenly and savagely, without any warning and during theattack the dog often has a glazed look and appears to be unaware of its surroundings. Studies have found it is morecommon in solid coloured Cockers than in particolours and also more common in darker coloured Cockers thanlighter coloured Cockers, being most common in solid gold and black coloured spaniels. Male golden spaniels arenot recommended as a family pet and should never be left alone with children. Rage syndrome is most oftenassociated with the Show Cocker Spaniel breed, although cases have been found in other breeds and cases arerelatively rare even within the Cocker Spaniel breed. Rage syndrome cannot be accurately predicted and can only bediagnosed by EEG or genetic testing and these tests are not conclusive.[39] [40]

Working Cockers

Blue Roan coloured Working Type EnglishCocker Spaniel

This breed, like many others with origins as working dogs, has somegenetic lines that focus on working-dog skills and other lines that focuson ensuring that the dog's appearance conforms to a breed standard;these are referred to as the "working" (or "field-bred") and"conformation" strains, respectively. After World War II, CockerSpaniels bred for pets and for the sport of conformation showingincreased enormously in popular appeal, and, for a while, was the mostnumerous Kennel Club registered breed. This popularity increased theview that all Cockers were useless as working dogs.[41] However, formany dogs this is untrue, as even some show-bred Cockers haveretained their working instinct.[42]

English Cocker Spaniel 13

Today, this breed is experiencing a resurgence in usage as a working and hunting dog. Dogs from working lines arenoticeably distinct in appearance. As is the case with the English Springer Spaniel, the working type has been bredexclusively to perform in the field as a hunting companion. Their coat is shorter and ears less pendulous than theshow-bred type. Although registered as the same breed, the two strains have diverged significantly enough that theyare rarely crossed.[41] The dogs that have dominated the hunt test, field trial and hunting scene in the United Statesare field-bred dogs from recently imported British lines.[43] Working-dog lines often have physical characteristicsthat would prevent them from winning in the show ring. This is a result of selecting for different traits than thoseselected by show breeders. The longer coat and ears, selected for the show ring, are an impediment in the field.[8]

Cuban authorities train and use English Cocker Spaniels as sniffer dogs to check for drugs or food products inpassengers' baggage at Cuban airports.[44]

Skills

Field-bred Cocker, with a tail dockedat 2/3 length

A field-bred cocker spaniel is first and foremost an upland flushing dog. Inperforming this task there are some skills the dog must be trained to perform.[45]

• Hup This is the traditional command to sit and stay. To be an effective hunterthe dog must comply with this command absolutely. When hupped the dogcan be given direction called to the handler. The ability to hup a dog activelyworking a running bird allow the handler and any gunners to keep up withouthaving to run.

• Retrieve to Hand The majority of hunters and all hunt test or field trialjudges require that a dog deliver a bird to hand, meaning that a dog will holdthe bird until told to give it to the hunter directly.

• Quarter Dogs must work in a pattern in front of the hunter seeking uplandgame birds. The dog must be taught to stay within gun range to avoid flushing

a bird outside of shooting distance.• Follow Hand Signals Upland hunting involves pursuing wild game in its native habitat. Gun dogs must

investigate likely covers for upland game birds. The dog must be responsive to hand signals in order for thehunter to be able to direct the dog into areas of particular interest.

• Steady When hunting upland birds, a flushing dog should be steady to wing and shot, meaning that he sits when abird rises or a gun is fired. He does this in order to mark the fall and to avoid flushing other birds when pursuing amissed bird.

References[1] http:/ / www. fci. be/ uploaded_files/ 005gb2009. doc[2] http:/ / www. akc. org/ breeds/ english_cocker_spaniel/ index. cfm[3] http:/ / www. ankc. org. au/ home/ breeds_details. asp?bid=77[4] http:/ / www. ckc. ca/ en/ Portals/ 0/ pdf/ breeds/ SEC. pdf[5] http:/ / www. thekennelclub. org. uk/ item/ 113[6] http:/ / www. nzkc. org. nz/ breed_info/ br344. html[7] http:/ / www. ukcdogs. com/ WebSite. nsf/ Breeds/ EnglishCockerSpaniel[8] "American Kennel Club: English Cocker Spaniel" (http:/ / www. akc. org/ breeds/ english_cocker_spaniel/ ). . Retrieved 5 Sep. 2009.[9] "English Cocker Spaniel" (http:/ / puppydogweb. com/ caninebreeds/ englishcockerspaniel. htm). PuppyDogWeb.com. . Retrieved 7 Jan.

2010.[10] "Dog Breeds:American Cocker Spaniel" (http:/ / www. petplanet. co. uk/ petplanet/ breeds/ American_Cocker_Spaniel. htm).

www.petplanet.co.uk. . Retrieved 13 Sep. 2009.[11] Kolehouse, Bobbie. "Dusting off History to Look at Cocker Hunting Tradition Part I" (http:/ / www. spanieljournal. com/ bkolehouse. html).

Spaniel Journal. . Retrieved 13 Sep. 2009.[12] "Cruft's Past Supreme Champions" (http:/ / www. pubquizhelp. com/ misc/ past_winners_crufts. html). Pub Quiz Help.com. . Retrieved 28

Dec. 2009.

English Cocker Spaniel 14

[13] "Besti hundur sýningar á Crufts, frá árunum 1928-2002" (http:/ / www. hvuttar. net/ ?h=17160& g=307) (in Icelandic). Hvuttar.net. .Retrieved 28 Dec. 2009.

[14] "The History of the Field Spaniel" (http:/ / www. lyndongraey. co. uk/ Field History. html). Lyndongraey. . Retrieved 24 Feb. 2010.[15] "Defra, UK - Animal Health and Welfare" (http:/ / www. defra. gov. uk/ animalh/ welfare/ act/ docking. htm). . Retrieved 9 Sep. 2009.[16] "The Cocker Spaniel Club: Breed Standard" (http:/ / www. thecockerspanielclub. co. uk/ breedstandard. htm). The Kennel Club. . Retrieved

13 Sep. 2009.[17] "English Springer Spaniel" (http:/ / www. petplanet. co. uk/ petplanet/ breeds/ English_Springer_Spaniel. htm). Petplanet.co.uk. . Retrieved

13 Sep. 2009.[18] Gormish, Denise. "A comparison of English Springer Spaniels, American Cocker Spaniels and English Springer Spaniels" (http:/ / www.

ecsca. org/ difference. html). English Cocker Spaniel Club of America. . Retrieved 13 Sep. 2009.[19] Davis, Jinty Gill (9 September 2000). "Understanding Cocker Colours, Patterns and Markings Page 1" (http:/ / www. thecockerspanielclub.

co. uk/ colours. htm). The Cocker Spaniel Club. . Retrieved 7 Jan. 2010.[20] Davis, Jinty Gill (9 September 2000). "Understanding Cocker Colours, Patterns and Markings Page 2" (http:/ / www. thecockerspanielclub.

co. uk/ colours2. htm). The Cocker Spaniel Club. . Retrieved 7 Jan. 2010.[21] Davis, Jinty Gill (9 September 2000). "Understanding Cocker Colours, Patterns and Markings Page 3" (http:/ / www. thecockerspanielclub.

co. uk/ colours3. htm). The Cocker Spaniel Club. . Retrieved 7 Jan. 2010.[22] Davis, Jinty Gill (9 September 2000). "Understanding Cocker Colours, Patterns and Markings Page 4" (http:/ / www. thecockerspanielclub.

co. uk/ colours4. htm). The Cocker Spaniel Club. . Retrieved 7 Jan. 2010.[23] "English Cocker Spaniels" (http:/ / www. terrificpets. com/ dog_breeds/ english_cocker_spaniel. asp). TerrificPets.com. . Retrieved 7 Jan.

2010.[24] "English Cocker Spaniel Secrets" (http:/ / english-cocker-spaniel-secrets. com/ ). . Retrieved 5 Sep. 2009.[25] Stanley Coren. "The Intelligence of Dogs: Ranks 11 to 26" (http:/ / petrix. com/ dogint/ 11-26. html). .[26] "Smith College: Research on pleiotropy in dogs" (http:/ / friendlypettraining. com/ files/ Dog_Research_Information2. doc).

friendlypettraining.com. . Retrieved 13 Sep. 2009.[27] Podberscek AL & Serpell J A (1996) The English Cocker Spaniel: preliminary findings on aggressive behaviour. Applied Animal Behaviour

Science 47: 75-89 cited by Linda Ward (2002). "Rage syndrome" (http:/ / members. lycos. co. uk/ ragesyndromeinfo/ Rage Syndrome byLinda Ward. pdf). self-published. .

[28] Viegas, Jennifer (22 May 2009). "World's Meanest Dog: The English Cocker Spaniel?" (http:/ / dsc. discovery. com/ news/ 2009/ 05/ 22/cocker-spaniel-aggressive. html). Discovery News. . Retrieved 13 September 2009.

[29] Amat, Marta; Xavier Manteca, Valentina M. Mariotti, José Luís Ruiz de la Torre, Jaume Fatjó (May 2009). "Aggressive behavior in theEnglish cocker spaniel" (http:/ / www. journalvetbehavior. com/ article/ S1558-7878(08)00140-8/ abstract). Journal of Veterinary Behavior:Clinical Applications and Research (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra: School of Veterinary Medicine) 4 (3): Pages 111–17.doi:10.1016/j.jveb.2008.08.010. . Retrieved 13 September 2009.

[30] Cassidy, Kelly M. (2007). "Dog Longevity Web Site, Breed Data page" (http:/ / users. pullman. com/ lostriver/ breeddata. htm). . Retrieved5 Jul. 2007.

[31] Cassidy, Kelly M. (2007). "Dog Longevity Web Site, Weight and Longevity page" (http:/ / users. pullman. com/ lostriver/weight_and_lifespan. htm). . Retrieved 5 Jul. 2007.

[32] "Summary results of the Purebred Dog Health Survey for English Cocker Spaniels" (http:/ / www. thekennelclub. org. uk/ download/ 1537/hscockerspaniel. pdf). Kennel Club/British Small Animal Veterinary Association Scientific Committee. 2004. . Retrieved 5 Jul. 2007.

[33] Slater, Margaret horrid henry !R. (1998). "English Cocker Spaniel Health Survey Final Report" (http:/ / www. ecsca. org/ 98healthsur. html).English Cocker Spaniel Club of America. . Retrieved 8 Jul. 2007.

[34] Slater, Margaret R. (2002). "The 2002 English Cocker Spaniel Health Survey Report" (http:/ / www. ecsca. org/ healthsurvey02. html).English Cocker Spaniel Club of America. . Retrieved 8 Jul. 2007.

[35] http:/ / www. lsu. edu/ deafness/ incidenc. htm[36] "Workingdogs.com Canine hip dysplasia" (http:/ / www. workingdogs. com/ vchipdysplasia. htm). . Retrieved 13 Sep. 2009.[37] "Pets.ca Dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs" (http:/ / www. pets. ca/ encyclopedia/ cardiomyopathy_dog. htm). VetCentric.com. . Retrieved 13

Sep. 2009.[38] "Proceeding of the NAVC (North American Veterinary Conference)" (http:/ / www. ivis. org/ proceedings/ navc/ 2005/ SAE/ 044.

pdf?LA=1). www.ivis.org. 8–12 January 2005. . Retrieved 14 Jul. 2007.[39] Ward, Linda (2002). "Rage Syndrome in Cocker Spaniels" (http:/ / www. dogstuff. info/ cocker_rage_syndrome. html). Dogstuff.info. .

Retrieved 13 Sep. 2009.[40] "Rage Syndrome Information Centre" (http:/ / www. cockerspanielrage. org. uk/ whatisrage. htm). . Retrieved 13 Sep. 2009.[41] "Show Bred vs Working Cockers" (http:/ / www. petwave. com/ Dogs/ Dog-Breed-Center/ Sporting-Group/ English-Cocker-Spaniel/

Overview-and-History/ History-and-Origin/ Show-Bred-vs-Working-Cockers. aspx). Petwave.com. . Retrieved 5 Sep. 2009.[42] Moxon, P.R. (1960s). "The Cocker Spaniel as a Gundog" (http:/ / felsteadgundogs. com/ gundogs. html). Felsteadgundogs.com. . Retrieved

5 Sep. 2009.[43] Thoms, Jerry (December 2002). "Pocket Rockets" (http:/ / www. roettgerridge. com/ 8873_eprint. pdf). Gun Dog Magazine. .[44] "Travel research, planning and reports: Cuba" (http:/ / www. darshama. net/ frostieblog/ travel/ cuba). Darshama.net. . Retrieved 5 Sep.

2009.

English Cocker Spaniel 15

[45] "English Cocker Spaniel: Temperament" (http:/ / www. petwave. com/ Dogs/ Dog-Breed-Center/ Sporting-Group/ English-Cocker-Spaniel/Personality/ Personality-Overview/ Temperament--English-Cocker-Spaniel. aspx). Petwave.com. . Retrieved 5 Sep. 2009.

Further reading• Thoms, Jerry. "Emma is a Gun Dog (Cocker Size)" (http:/ / www. gundogmag. com/ gundog_breeds/

emma_gun_dog/ index. html). Gun Dog Magazine.• Roettger, Anthony. Urban Gun Dogs: Training Flushing Dogs for Home and Field, The Writer's Collective,

2004. ISBN 1-59411-050-6• Sucher, Jamie (1999). Cocker Spaniels (Complete Pet Owner's Manuals). Hauppauge, NY: Barron's.

ISBN 978-0764110344.• Grainger, Alexandra. Training your Cocker...Whilst Playing with Children. Complete Owner's Guide.• Fergus, Charles. Gun Dog Breeds, A Guide to Spaniels, Retrievers, and Pointing Dogs, The Lyons Press, 2002.

ISBN 1-58574-618-5• Fogle, Dr. Bruce. Cocker Spaniel English and American, Dorling Kindersley Limited, 1996.

External links• English Cocker Spaniel (http:/ / www. dmoz. org/ Recreation/ Pets/ Dogs/ Breeds/ Sporting-Gundog_Group/

Cocker_Spaniel,_English/ / ) at the Open Directory Project

American Cocker Spaniel 16

American Cocker Spaniel

American Cocker Spaniel

An American Cocker Spaniel with its coat clipped into a show cut.

Other names Cocker Spaniel (in USA), Cocker, Merry Cocker

Country of origin USA

Traits

Classification and standards

FCI Group 8 Section 2, Flushing dogs #167 standard [1]

AKC Sporting standard [2]

ANKC Group 3 Gundogs standard [3]

CKC Group 1 Sporting Dogs standard [4]

KC (UK) Gundog standard [5]

NZKC Gundog standard [6]

UKC Gun Dog standard [7]

Dog (Canis lupus familiaris)

The American Cocker Spaniel is a breed of sporting dog. It is a spaniel type dog that is closely related to theEnglish Cocker Spaniel; the two breeds diverged during the 20th century due to differing breed standards in Americaand the UK. In the United States, the breed is usually referred to as the Cocker Spaniel, while elsewhere in theworld, it is called the American Cocker Spaniel in order to differentiate between it and its English cousin. The wordcocker is commonly held to stem from their use to hunt woodcock in England, while spaniel is thought to be derivedfrom the type's origins in Spain.The first spaniel in America came across with the Mayflower in 1620, but it was not until 1878 that the first Cocker Spaniel was registered with the American Kennel Club (AKC). A national breed club was set up three years later and

American Cocker Spaniel 17

the dog considered to be the father of the modern breed, Ch. Obo II, was born around this time. By the 1920s theEnglish and American varieties of Cocker had become noticeably different and in 1946 the AKC recognised theEnglish type as a separate breed. It was not until 1970 that The Kennel Club in the UK recognised the AmericanCocker Spaniel as being separate from the English type. The American Cocker was the most popular breed in theUnited States during the 1940s and 50s and again during the 1980s, reigning for a total of 18 years. They have alsowon the best in show title at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show on four occasions, and have been linked to thePresident of the United States on several occasions, with owners including Richard Nixon and Harry S. Truman.The breed is the smallest of the sporting dogs recognised by the AKC, and its distinctly shaped head makes itimmediately recognisable. In addition, there are some marked differences between it and its English relative. It is ahappy breed with average working intelligence, although by being bred to a show standard it is no longer an idealworking dog. Members of the breed suffer from a wide variety of health ailments including problems with theirhearts, eyes and ears.

History

Ch. Obo II, considered to be the foundation sireof the American Cocker Spaniel.

The word spanyell is thought to date from the late 1100s when it wasused to name a type of dog imported into England from Spain, with thespan part of the word referring to the country of origin. Records fromthe mid 1300s show that selective breeding was already in place, withthe breed being separated into two distinct types, called water spanielsand land spaniels.[8] By 1801, the smaller variety of land spaniel wasreferred to as the Cocker or Cocking Spaniel, so named for its use influshing woodcock.[9] [10]

According to historical records, the first spaniel was brought to NorthAmerica aboard the Mayflower which sailed from Plymouth, Englandand landed in New England in 1620.[11] [12] The first Cocker Spaniel

recorded in America was a liver and white dog named Captain, who was registered with the American Kennel Clubin 1878.[13] In 1881, the American Cocker Spaniel Club was formed; it would later become the American SpanielClub (ASC) and is now known as the oldest breed club for dogs in the United States.[11] [13] The task of the club wasinitially to create a standard to separate the Cocker Spaniel in America from other types of land spaniels, a taskwhich would take over 20 years, only being completed in 1905.[11]

The dog considered to be the father of the American Cocker Spaniel was sired by the dog considered to be the fatherof the English Cocker Spaniel. Ch. Obo was bred to Ch. Chloe II, who was shipped to America while she waspregnant. Once in the United States, she whelped a dog who became Ch. Obo II. He differed greatly from themodern breed, being only 10 inches (25 cm) tall and with a long body, but was considered to be an excellent dog ofthat era and became a popular sire.[13]

Towards the end of the 19th century, the breed had become popular in America and Canada due to their dual use as afamily pet and a working dog.[13] In the early 20th century the breeders on either side of the Atlantic had createddifferent breed standards for the Cocker Spaniel and the breed gradually diverged from one another,[11] [14] with thetwo becoming noticeably different by the 1920s. The American Cockers by now had a smaller muzzle, their coatswere softer and the dogs overall were lighter and smaller. The differences were so apparent that in 1935, breedersfounded the English Cocker Spaniel Club and restricted breeding between the two types of spaniel. The two types ofCocker Spaniel in America were shown together as one breed, with the English type as a variety of the main breed,until 1946 when the American Kennel Club recognised the English Cocker Spaniel as a separate breed.[14] [15]

American Cocker Spaniel 18

Return to the UK

A black American Cocker Spaniel in a show cut.

Initially in the United Kingdom there were a few American Cockersthat had accompanied service personnel to American bases in the1950s and 1960s. In addition, several came over with embassy staffand business people returning home.[16]

The first UK Kennel Club registered American Cocker Spaniel wasAramingo Argonaught, born 17 January 1956 and bred by Herbert L.Steinberg. Two judges confirmed that the dog was an AmericanCocker and not an English Cocker before the Kennel Club permittedthe dog to be shown. In the 1960s they were shown as a rare breed,which meant that they did not have a show class of their own and couldonly be shown in variety classes. This included Aramingo Argonaught,who was the first American Cocker Spaniel to be shown at Crufts in 1960 in a class entitled "Any variety notclassified at this show".[17] In 1968, the KC agreed to have the breed shown in the category "Any variety gundogother than Cocker" and stated that the American Cocker was not a variety of "Spaniel (Cocker)". There were around100 registrations between 1966 to 1968.[16]

In 1970 the breed was given a separate register in the Kennel Club Breed Supplement, as it was previously includedin "Any other variety". Registration numbers increased to 309 by 1970 following this full recognition.[16]

Notable American Cockers and popularityAmerican Cocker Spaniels have won best in show at the Westminster Dog Show on four occasions, with the firstwin in 1921 by Ch. Midkiff Seductive. Ch. My Own Brucie won the title twice in 1940 and 1941,[18] and becameknown as the most photographed dog in the world.[19] Brucie's win in 1940 coincided with the American CockerSpaniel becoming the most popular breed of dog in the United States, and they would remain the most popular until1952.[20] The most recent victory was in 1954 with the victory going to Ch. Carmor's Rise and Shine.[18] Thepopularity of the American Cocker increased once again in the 1980s with it becoming the most popular breed againfrom 1984 until 1990. In more recent years the popularity of the breed has decreased, with it ranked 15th mostpopular by the American Kennel Club in 2005.[21]

American Cocker Spaniels have had several links to the United States Presidency. In 1952, an American CockerSpaniel became a household name when United States Senator Richard Nixon made his Checkers speech on 23September. A parti-colored American Cocker Spaniel named Dot was one of several dogs owned by Rutherford B.Hayes; and a buff colored dog named Feller caused a scandal for Harry S. Truman when the dog was received as anunwanted gift with the President subsequently giving it away to a White House physician. More recently, a Cockernamed Zeke lived with Bill Clinton while he was Arkansas Governor.[20]

American Cocker Spaniel 19

Appearance

An American Cocker Spaniel with its earswrapped in preparation for a dog show.

The American Cocker Spaniel is the smallest dog recognised by theAmerican Kennel Club as a sporting dog,[22] being on average between13.5 to 15.5 inches (34 to 39 cm) high at the withers.[23] It is a dog ofnormal proportions, with medium long silky fur on the body and ears,hanging down on the legs and belly (known as feathering). The headhas a upturned nose and the ears hang down.[24] The breed standardstates that size over 15.5 inches (39 cm) inches for males and 14.5inches (37 cm) for females is a disqualification at conformationshows.[25] American Cocker Spaniels weigh around 24 to 30 pounds(11 to 14 kg) on average, with females of the breed usually weighingslightly less than the males.[22]

The head of an American Cocker Spaniel makes the breed immediately recognizable, with the rounded dome of theskull, well-pronounced stop, and a square shaped lip. The drop ears are long, low set, with long silky fur, and theeyes are dark, large, and rounded. The nose can be black or brown depending on the color of the breed.[24]

The coat of the breed come in a variety of shades with the colors being separated into three main groups: black/blackand tan, any solid color other than black (ASCOB), and parti-color. The black variety is either all black, or with tanpoints on the dog's head, the feet and the tail in a pattern called black and tan. The group known as ASCOB includesall other solid colors from light cream through to dark red, although some lighter coloring is allowed on thefeathering according to standards. Parti-colored dogs are white with patches of another color such as black or brown,and includes any roan colored dogs.[26] In addition, American Cockers coats can come in a pattern known as merle,which is not recognised by the American Kennel Club.[27]

American Cockers have rounder eyes, a domed skull, shorter muzzle and more clearly pronounced eyebrows than theEnglish Cockers,[28] whose head is more setter-like. In colors, the roan colors are rarer in the American variety thanin the English but the shade of buff which is common in the American is not seen in the English breed at all,although there are English Cocker Spaniels which are considered to be a shade of red.[29] The English breed is alsoslightly larger, being between 14.5–15.5 inches (37–39 cm) in height.[28]

Temperament

A buff colored American Cocker Spaniel.

Known as the "Merry Cocker",[30] the American Cocker Spaniel breedstandard defines the ideal dog of the breed as being "equable intemperament with no suggestion of timidity."[31] The breed ranks 20thin Stanley Coren's The Intelligence of Dogs, a rating that indicatesgood "Working or Obedience Intelligence", or trainability.[32] IQ testsrun on a variety of breeds in the 1950s and 1960s showed that theAmerican Cocker performed the best when tested on its ability to showrestraint and delayed response to a trigger, a trait which was put downto the breed's bred-in ability when hunting to freeze upon finding a birdbefore flushing it out on command. However, they proved to be theworst breed tested when it came to manipulating objects with their paws, for instance uncovering a dish of food orpulling on a string.[33]

With a good level of socialisation at an early age, an American Cocker can get along with people, children, other dogs and other pets.[30] This breed seems to have a perpetually wagging tail and prefers to be around people; it is not best suited to the backyard alone. Cockers can be easily stressed by loud noises and by rough treatment or

American Cocker Spaniel 20

handling.[34]

Members of the breed were originally used as hunting dogs, but increased in popularity as a show dog. It was bredmore and more in conformation with the breed standard, resulting in certain attributes, such as a long coat, which nolonger make it an ideal working dog.[30]

Health

An American Cocker Spaniel taking part in anagility competition.

American Cocker Spaniels in UK and USA/Canada surveys had amedian lifespan of about 10 to 11 years,[35] which is on the low end ofthe typical range for purebred dogs, and one to two years less thanother breeds of their size.[36] The larger English Cocker Spanieltypically lives about a year longer than the American CockerSpaniel.[35] In a 2004 UK Kennel Club survey, the most commoncauses of death were cancer (23%), old age (20%), cardiac (8%), andimmune-mediated (8%).[37] In a 2003 USA/Canada Health Survey witha smaller sample size, the leading causes of death were cancer, hepaticdisease, and immune-mediated.[38]

American Cockers previously high popularity resulted in the breed frequently being bred by backyard breeders or inpuppy mills. This indiscriminate breeding has increased the proliferation of breed related health issues in certainbloodlines.[21]

American Cocker Spaniels are susceptible to a variety of illnesses, particularly infections affecting their ears and, insome cases, their eyes. Although the number or percent of afflicted dogs is not known, progressive retinal atrophy(PRA), glaucoma, and cataracts have been identified in some members of the breed.[39] The American Spaniel Clubrecommends annual eye exams by a veterinary ophthalmologist for all dogs that are to be used for breeding.Autoimmune problems in Cockers have also been identified in an unknown number or percent of the breed,including autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). Ear inflammations are common in drop-eared breeds of dog,including the American Cocker, and luxating patellas and hip dysplasia have been identified in some members of thebreed.[40]

Heart conditions such as dilated cardiomyopathy, where the heart becomes weakened and enlarged, and sick sinussyndrome, which is a type of abnormal heart beating which causes low blood pressure, have been identified in thebreed. Phosphofructokinase deficiency is a condition caused by a recessive gene in the breed which prevents themetabolism of glucose into energy, causing the dog to be extremely low energy and unable to exercise. The genewhich causes this appears in around 10 percent of the population, but DNA testing can prevent two carrier dogs frombreeding and thus creating puppies with this condition.[41]

American Cockers are also prone to canine epilepsy and the related condition known as Rage Syndrome.[42] Thelatter is a form of epilepsy which can cause a normally placid dog to engage in sudden and unprovoked violentattacks.[42] [43] Initial research shows that both conditions appear to be inheritable.[44]

American Cocker Spaniel 21

ReferencesSpecific[1] http:/ / www. fci. be/ uploaded_files/ 167gb99_en. doc[2] http:/ / www. akc. org/ breeds/ cocker_spaniel/ index. cfm[3] http:/ / www. ankc. org. au/ Breed_Details. aspx?bid=78[4] http:/ / www. canadasguidetodogs. com/ spaniel/ amcockerarticle1. htm[5] http:/ / www. thekennelclub. org. uk/ item/ 111[6] http:/ / www. nzkc. org. nz/ breed_info/ br348. html[7] http:/ / www. ukcdogs. com/ WebSite. nsf/ Breeds/ CockerSpanielRevisedJuly12009[8] Coren (2006): p. 132[9] Smith, A.C. (1932). Gun Dogs - Their Training, Working and Management (http:/ / books. google. co. uk/ books?id=NkFibcWLSlsC&

pg=PA89& dq=Cynographia+ Britannica+ land+ spaniel#v=onepage& q=Cynographia Britannica land spaniel& f=false). Scribner's. p. 89.ISBN 9781443719209. .

[10] Case, Linda P. (2005). The Dog: Its Behavior, Nutrition, and Health (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=2e_AToP1yREC&pg=RA1-PA32& dq=cocker+ spaniel& cd=169#v=onepage& q=cocker spaniel& f=false). Wiley-Blackwell. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-8138-1254-0..

[11] Walker (2010): p. 7[12] Bradford, William (1988). Morison, Samuel Eliot. ed. Of Plymouth Plantation, 1620-1647 (http:/ / books. google. co. uk/

books?id=tnMa1-t128gC& pg=PA79& lpg=PA79& dq=mayflower+ spaniel#v=onepage& q=spaniel& f=false). Random House USA Inc.p. 79. ISBN 978-0-394-43895-5. .

[13] Palika (2009): p. 21[14] Walker (2010): p. 8[15] Palika (2009): p. 22[16] Quelch, John (1988). The Early Days of the American Cocker Spaniel in the United Kingdom. American Cocker Spaniel Club of Great

Britain.[17] "Crufts Dog Show 1960 Catalogue: Non-Sporting and Gundogs" (http:/ / www. thekennelclub. org. uk/ download/ 9198/ 1960_2-part-1. pdf)

(PDF). The Kennel Club. . Retrieved 1 January 2011.[18] "Best in Show Winners" (http:/ / www. westminsterkennelclub. org/ history/ biswinners. html). Westminster Kennel Club. . Retrieved 19

November 2010.[19] "Famous Dog is Dead" (http:/ / news. google. com/ newspapers?nid=1946& dat=19430610& id=e4AtAAAAIBAJ&

sjid=NpkFAAAAIBAJ& pg=5716,1522254). The Montreal Gazette. 10 June 1943. . Retrieved 19 November 2010.[20] Coile (2006): p. 10[21] Coile (2006): p. 11[22] Palika (2009): p. 12[23] Cunliffe, Judith (2002). The Encyclopedia of Dog Breeds. Parragon. p. 200. ISBN 0-7525-8018-3.[24] Palika (2009): p. 14[25] "AKC Meet the Breeds: Cocker Spaniel" (http:/ / www. akc. org/ breeds/ cocker_spaniel/ index. cfm). American Kennel Club. . Retrieved 15

November 2010.[26] Palika (2009): p. 15[27] Walker (2010): p. 31[28] Sucher, Jamie (2009). Cocker Spaniels (http:/ / books. google. co. uk/ books?id=upnOzo7dZ_YC& pg=PA11& dq=american+ cocker+

spaniel#v=onepage& q=american cocker spaniel& f=false). Barron's Educational Series Inc. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-7641-4101-0. .[29] Gormish, Denise. "Whats the Difference?" (http:/ / www. ecsca. org/ difference. html). English Cocker Spaniel Club of America. . Retrieved

20 November 2010.[30] Coile (2006): p. 12[31] "AKC Meet the Breeds: Cocker Spaniel" (http:/ / www. akc. org/ breeds/ cocker_spaniel/ index. cfm). American Kennel Club. . Retrieved 20

November 2010.[32] Coren (2006): p. 192[33] Coile (2006): p. 14[34] Coile (2006): p. 13[35] Cassidy, Dr. Kelly M.. "Breed Longevity Data" (http:/ / users. pullman. com/ lostriver/ breeddata. htm). . Retrieved 19 November 2010.[36] Cassidy, Dr. Kelly M.. "Breed Weight and Lifespan" (http:/ / users. pullman. com/ lostriver/ weight_and_lifespan. htm). . Retrieved 19

November 2010.[37] "Report from the Kennel Club/British Small Animal Veterinary Association Scientific Committee" (http:/ / www. thekennelclub. org. uk/

download/ 1500/ hsamericancockerspaniel. pdf) (PDF). The Kennel Club. . Retrieved 19 November 2010.[38] "Cocker Spaniel - Comprehensive Breed Health Survey First Summary Report" (http:/ / www. asc-cockerspaniel. org/ images/ forms/

CBHSdec03report. pdf) (PDF). The American Spaniel Club. . Retrieved 19 November 2010.[39] Coile (2006): p. 20

American Cocker Spaniel 22

[40] Coile (2006): p. 21[41] Coile (2006): p. 22[42] Coile (2006): p. 23[43] Dodman; Miczek, K. A.; Knowles, K.; Thalhammer, J. G.; Shuster, L. (1992). "Phenobarbital-responsive episodic dyscontrol (rage) in

dogs". Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 201 (10): 1580–1583. PMID 1289339.[44] Derr, Mark (2004). Dog's best friend: annals of the dog-human relationship. University Of Chicago Press. p. 138. ISBN 0-226-14280-9.

General• Coile, D. Caroline (2006). The Cocker Spaniel Handbook (http:/ / books. google. co. uk/

books?id=cHkKjYN5EV0C& pg=PA10& dq=checkers+ cocker+ spaniel#v=onepage& q=checkers cockerspaniel& f=false). Barron's Educational Series Inc. ISBN 978-0-7641-3459-3.

• Coren, Stanley (2006). The Intelligence of Dogs. Pocket Books. ISBN 1-4165-0287-4.• Palika, Liz (2009). Cocker Spaniel: Your Happy Healthy Pet (http:/ / books. google. co. uk/

books?id=i2frQ4e1KgcC& pg=PA11& dq="american+ cocker+ spaniel"#v=onepage& q="american cockerspaniel"& f=false). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-39060-3.

• Walker, Joan Hustace (2010). Barron's Dog Bibles: Cocker Spaniel (http:/ / books. google. co. uk/books?id=qHpwuQo7ZIoC& pg=PA7& dq=spaniel+ mayflower#v=onepage& q=mayflower& f=false). Barron'sEducational Series Inc. ISBN 978-0-7641-9709-3.

External links• American Cocker Spaniel (http:/ / www. dmoz. org/ Recreation/ Pets/ Dogs/ Breeds/ Sporting-Gundog_Group/

Cocker_Spaniel,_American/ / ) at the Open Directory Project

Article Sources and Contributors 23

Article Sources and ContributorsCocker Spaniel  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=461620332  Contributors: 7Kim, Acalamari, Angela, Arjayay, Armagion, Bidgee, Callieanne, Chrisrus, Codeblue26,Desertus Sagittarius, Dog doggety dooog, Elf, Englishsoulgents, EoGuy, Ettrig, FiddyCent, Hafwyn, HiLo48, Hubba, Igodard, Immunize, Jab843, Jk2q3jrklse, Johnterickson,Jonthecockerspaniel, Jusjih, Kakofonous, Karockershousen, Kevin McE, L Kensington, Lachatdelarue, Ladygaga223, LastChanceToBe, LilHelpa, Llamabonita, Logginus, Lyellin, Mackensen,Mandarax, Mild Bill Hiccup, Miyagawa, Mnmjed, Namslam, Nishkid64, OnePt618, Pharaoh Hound, Powqei, RadioFan, RafaAzevedo, RafikiSykes, Rebkabio, Reedy, Rich Farmbrough,Samuelwolf, Sherool, Silvaran, Slm214, SpikeToronto, Spoonkymonkey, SunCreator, Tbhotch, Template namespace initialisation script, The Blade of the Northern Lights, Thumperward,Tommy2010, Uriber, Violets2, Wetman, Xtzou, Y2kcrazyjoker4, Yakoo, 115 ,לערי ריינהארט anonymous edits

English Cocker Spaniel  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=464798286  Contributors: Addshore, Aitias, Akvarknimblus, Alfieeatdog, Allen3, Altes2009, Anakin101, Andrewrp,Apterygial, AshleighBell GSU, Avitya, BbGideon, Bcgoh, Bcsr4ever, Beaglespanner, Bencherlite, Bob1234vrebterwbt, Bob300w, Bob98133, Bobblewik, Bobo192, Bonadea, Bonzo, Br4duk,Breadandcheese, Brids009, Calair, Can't sleep, clown will eat me, Captin Shmit, Casliber, Catgut, Chasnor15, Cheesy mike, ChicXulub, Chrisrus, Coaster1983, Codingmasters, Cometstyles,Craig Pemberton, Crystallina, CustardJack, Cyrius, DTOx, Dadamonz, Daniel Olsen, Danielsmusic, David Sher, Davidlawrence, Deluge71, Desertus Sagittarius, Dkhomikh, Dodo bird,Dogtrainernyc, Dougweller, Dra marina, Driftwood87, Drivenapart, Dungeoneer, EWikist, Ecsca, Elassint, Elf, Elliewilliams1994, Elliott0808, Epopp, Eranb, Felstead, Firsfron, Floridan,Flynnoregan, Francigf, Fratrep, Gail, Gaius Cornelius, Gene Nygaard, Gobeirne, Gogo Dodo, Grafen, Greg maric, Hafwyn, Hede2000, Hibana, Hmains, Hmwith, Hotelgreg11, Hroðulf, Hubba,IAmLegend2525, Ikama, Imaginativename, Irishguy, J.delanoy, JForget, Jimmy9515, Jk2q3jrklse, John254, Johnnywalterboy, Joseribamar, Josve05a, JzG, Jóna Þórunn, Kaelisan, Kelly Cassidy,KnowledgeOfSelf, Koalabear3, Kukini, LatinSuD, Leisly95, Lilac Soul, Loyalty4life, Lradrama, Mandarax, Marek69, Martin451, Masiano, McDutchie, MidgleyDJ, Mild Bill Hiccup, Miyagawa,Mokoniki, Mr Anon Muse, Musicinmyeyes, Natalie Erin, NawlinWiki, Neekeem, Nepenthes, Nick125, Nickwiesner, Nirame, Notjake13, O, Octavian 1977, Ohconfucius, Optakeover, P.Marlow,Pharaoh Hound, Pinethicket, Pinkbabydoll13, Pitke, Ponyo, Popsracer, Pronoun, Ptlover, RHB, Radon210, Rebel, Rednick gr, Rex Cherry, RexNL, RichardF, Rjwilmsi, Robby, Robeter,Romanovfan1, Ronhjones, Ryguyrm 1, Samforrest, Sannse, Sarranduin, Sceptre, Seanoquinn, Shawnregan, Simple Bob, SoothErBoy, Spencer, SquidInc, Steven Walling, Sumersong,Sumoeagle179, Taopman, Tekana, Thelb4, ThinkBlue, TimTay, Tomethy2, Tommy2009, Tommy2010, TommyG, Toon05, TravisAF, TreasuryTag, Trysha, Uvaduck, Vassgergely, Waggers,Waggers1, Warrington, Wayne Slam, Wirrah, Xo Courtney xo, Yakoo, YixilTesiphon, Yozakura, Z.E.R.O., Zetawoof, ZooFari, 357 ,לערי ריינהארט anonymous edits

American Cocker Spaniel  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=460374435  Contributors: A little insignificant, Aaron Schulz, Abce2, Aikibum, Aitias, AjRagno, Alansohn,Allstarecho, Amcospaniel, Angelmnemosyne, Anusk1313, ApolloCreed, Arakunem, Ariconte, Artifex25, Auntof6, BDerrly, Bahar101, Ballaboobs, Barkeep49, Bcsr4ever, Behki jason, Best OFortuna, Bhadani, Bitmapped, Bob f it, Bongwarrior, Bonzo, Bordercolliez, Brainfsck, Brandon37, Bremen, BrianGV, C.Fred, Calvin 1998, Cammc88, CanOfWorms, Ccacsmss, ChicXulub,Chris the speller, ChrisCork, Chrisrus, Coaster1983, Codetiger, Colonies Chris, Corruptcopper, Ctjf83, DAllen, DagnyB, Dana boomer, Danski14, Discospinster, Ditkoofseppala, DivineAlpha,Dmano, Dogbowl6, Doug, Dougweller, Drivenapart, Dvok, Eddie6705, Elf, EoGuy, Epbr123, Epopp, Eyrian, Floridan, Fluffernutter, Fluri, Fratrep, Funkymint, Gail, Gaius Cornelius, Galodw13,Gfoley4, Gogo Dodo, Gracie77, Gurch, Hafwyn, Hailey C. Shannon, Henrik, Hephaestos, Hike395, Histrion, Hmains, Hmwith, Hu12, Hubba, Husond, II MusLiM HyBRiD II, IRP, Idiot97,Ilikepiec, Ilovejohngalt999, Iluvbella, Interrobang², Isnow, ItsWolfeh, Ivan1984, J.delanoy, Jdeini, Jerkofthejungle, Jimmytimmy, Jk2q3jrklse, Jmaltby, Joelmills, Johnnywalterboy, JordanO33,Jros83, Juplife, Justin The Claw, JzG, Kartess, Katefan0, Katieh5584, Keegan, KeepOpera, Keesiewonder, Kelly Cassidy, Kellyjobambijo, Kf4bdy, Kipoc, Kolehoub, Ktpond, Kuru, La Pianista,LdyDragonfly, LilHelpa, Lotu, Lyricroxy, Magioladitis, Makeupgirl900, MartinezMD, Melaen, Meowlett, Messerupperofeverything, MetroColumbus, Mfrye, Michaelsbll, MidgleyDJ, Mifter,Miyagawa, Moshe Constantine Hassan Al-Silverburg, Mrdectol, Mw138, Nick Number, Ohnoitsjamie, Oxymoron83, Pascal.Tesson, Patrick Pretend, PennySpender1983, Pharaoh Hound,Philwelch, PhxAZer, Piano non troppo, Planetary Chaos, Pollinator, Porfitron, Pro66, Pronoun, Quadell, Qxz, R. fiend, RAMChYLD, Radon210, RafikiSykes, RainbowOfLight, Rama's Arrow,RandomStringOfCharacters, Ranjithsutari, Raven in Orbit, Rcawsey, Recaptured, Reedy, Rex Cherry, Reywas92, Riana, RichardF, RickK, Ronhjones, Rudjek, Ruy Pugliesi, SDC, SaintHammett,Sannse, Sarabelqis, SchfiftyThree, Shawnregan, Sidhekin, SimonP, Simple Bob, SoothErBoy, SportsMaster, Steel, Steven Walling, Sumoeagle179, Tachitsuteto, Teddy and Bear, Tekana,TheCatalyst31, Theartbabe, Thedjatclubrock, Thelb4, TimTay, Toddst1, Tom9229, Tony Fox, Trysha, Ttiotsw, Tyger, Tyler, Umbralcorax, Uvaduck, Vojtech.dostal, WagnerBeethoven,WikHead, Wikiliki, Wikisidd, Willking1979, Wizardman, Yakoo, Zetawoof, 422 anonymous edits

Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 24

Image Sources, Licenses and Contributorsfile:Gessa d'Aran Copo de Nieve- arancio roano- prop.Kalesa.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Gessa_d'Aran_Copo_de_Nieve-_arancio_roano-_prop.Kalesa.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported  Contributors: Fcockerimage:111. English and Welsh Cocker.JPG  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:111._English_and_Welsh_Cocker.JPG  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Book:Stonehenge (John Henry Walsh); however identity of the individual artist is unknown.image:Obo-II-Drawing.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Obo-II-Drawing.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Book: F.H.F. Mercer, image is signed Tallman.image:Cocker-Graph.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cocker-Graph.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors: Miyagawaimage:EnglishCockerSpaniel simon.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:EnglishCockerSpaniel_simon.jpg  License: GNU Free Documentation License  Contributors:Bibi Saint-Pol, Jappalang, Maksim, Pharaoh Hound, Shyamimage:Groomed American Cocker Cropped.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Groomed_American_Cocker_Cropped.jpg  License: Creative CommonsAttribution-Sharealike 2.0  Contributors: Groomed_American_Cocker.jpg: patti derivative work: Miyagawa (talk)image:Ear infection in cocker spaniel.JPG  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Ear_infection_in_cocker_spaniel.JPG  License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike3.0 Unported  Contributors: Joel Millsfile:EnglishCockerSpaniel wb.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:EnglishCockerSpaniel_wb.jpg  License: GNU Free Documentation License  Contributors: Nya,Pharaoh Hound, ToBImage:ECS Black.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:ECS_Black.jpg  License: GNU Free Documentation License  Contributors: Original uploader was Dkhomikh aten.wikipediaFile:Cocker Spaniel from 1915.JPG  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cocker_Spaniel_from_1915.JPG  License: Public Domain  Contributors: not specified (except thosewith signature on image)Image:Kerygma Cockers Echo & Pheasant.JPG  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Kerygma_Cockers_Echo_&_Pheasant.JPG  License: Public Domain  Contributors:Original uploader was Floridan at en.wikipediaImage:cockerbb.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cockerbb.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: FrancigfImage:Cockerspanielpuppy.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cockerspanielpuppy.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: VvsinghImage:Working type english cocker spaniel.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Working_type_english_cocker_spaniel.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors:MiyagawaImage:FieldCocker2.JPG  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:FieldCocker2.JPG  License: Copyrighted free use  Contributors: Original uploader was Floridan aten.wikipediafile:AmericanCockerSpaniel wb.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:AmericanCockerSpaniel_wb.jpg  License: GNU Free Documentation License  Contributors:Brunobarreto, Bukvoed, Craig Pemberton, KTo288, MUimage:Ch Obo American Cocker Spaniel.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Ch_Obo_American_Cocker_Spaniel.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Unknownimage:Baby come back du parc des Lys (Beaver).JPG  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Baby_come_back_du_parc_des_Lys_(Beaver).JPG  License: Creative CommonsAttribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors: Garcia Olivierimage:American cocker dogshow.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:American_cocker_dogshow.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0 Contributors: Flickr user eschipul (Ed Schipul)image:American Cocker Spaniel buff portrait.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:American_Cocker_Spaniel_buff_portrait.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution2.0  Contributors: KTo288, Samsaraimage:American Cocker Spaniel agility.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:American_Cocker_Spaniel_agility.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Contributors: Ron Armstrong from Helena, MT, USA

License 25

LicenseCreative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/