coca cola analysis.doc
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/23/2019 coca cola analysis.doc
1/33
Interpretation And
Analysis Of Company
Financial Reports[Type the document subtitle]
Submitted by
[Pick the date]
-
8/23/2019 coca cola analysis.doc
2/33
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NEEDS TO MAKE DECISION; AN
OVERVIEWThe financial statements are prepared to make decisions in the first place. It plays a
key role in the creation of administrative decisions. However, the information
received from these statement are not the final because no one can take the
meaningful decisions on the basis of tese statements alone. (Yohn, 2001).
Through the analysis and interpretation of financial statements, thedecisions made by
these statements would be very beneficial. Financial analysis needs to determine the
financial strength of the balance sheet and P & Loss accounts.
there are mainly four types of financial statements available on which basis a financial
advsor took some decision in the favor of company. Four types of financial statement
are like balance sheet, profit and loss statement account, cash flow statement and the
statement of changes in equity. These statements are used for the analysis purpose.
There are so many methods to analyze the statements like trend analysis, vertical
analysis, horizintal analysis and ratio analysis etc. from all these methods, ratio
analysis is a very importantr tool to measure the analysis of all the financial
statements. It is the process of creation and interpretation of the various reports that
can be analyzed more clearly the financial statements and the decisions taken by such
an analysis. (Udell, 2002)financial statement analysis can be determined as the relationship of doctor and
patient. Doctor examine the patient and give the report on it and let the know about
the diseases. So the same case is with statements analysis, analyst examine the
statements and then give the report on it whether the firm is enjoying the good health
or not by the help of these statement analysis.
The purpose of financial analysis is to identify the information contained in the
financial statements in order to judge the profitability and financial position of the
company. Analysis of financial statements is an attempt to determine the importance
and meaning of the data so that it can predict the financial statements, the ability
future salary to pay interest and debt maturity and profitability of sound dividend
policy.
The financial report is the relationship between accounting numbers expressed
mathematically report provides information on the financial situation of concern.
These are indicators and indicators of financial health, strength, or a position of
-
8/23/2019 coca cola analysis.doc
3/33
weakness Foundation. One can draw conclusions about the real financial situation of
concern with the help of reports.
OVERVIEW FOR THE FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
The first purpose of statement analysis is to provide the information for the purpose of
decision making. 2nd essential step is to point out the the important information and
then arrange it. Final step is to analyze the statements and interpret all the calculation
and result it. (Douglas. 1999)
ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
The main feature of the analysis of financial statements is to provide the
easiest and reliable information to concerned persons.
Information which is provided by the analyst needs to classify for the
concerned persons.
Last but not least feature is to compare the conclusions with another company
or with another time frame. (Udell, 2002)
Purpose of Analysis of financial statements
Through this analysis concerned person would be known about the earningcapability of the firm.
Solvency of the firm can be known.
Companys sound position can be determined by these analyses
Is the fir capable to meet its short and long term debts and obligation, these
analyses provide the information
By comparing two firms, it provides the knowledge whether the firm is
performing well or not.
Trend analysis by comparing time series analysis.
Management efficiency can be determined
Management can get better information through it for taking firms decisions.
Steps to make Analysis
-
8/23/2019 coca cola analysis.doc
4/33
There is a procedure which needs to be adopted by the financial analyst to interpret
the financial statements.:-
First of all analyst should know about the reasons for making the analysis.
That analyst must know about the policies of the company and well known
about the principles of accounting.
After analyzing the reasons, the aim should be specified. What the firm wants
to do. The purpose of that firm might be profit making. Then analyst should be
well known about the sources of earning.
Before the start of analysis, all the statement should be provided to analyst for
making the analysis. Balance sheet and profit and loss accounts are very
essential. (Bushe, 1997)
Make the availability of all the data relevant to financial statements. It needs to
be recognized and rearranged according to availability. Data needs to be
minimized till relevant information.
Analysis can be of more than one method. So here the topic would define the
way of ratio analysis. So here the relationship would be established to evaluate
the information from these statements.
After choosing the method for analyzing, interpretation needs to be very
simple and in an understandable way. Because this analysis would help in
explaining the decision making of the firms.
Findings would be presented in the form of reports to the management.
RATIO ANALYSIS:
It is the way for which one can analyze the statements in a very broad way. It
facilitates to couching and analyzing the statements by considering the financial
statements. It focuses on tangible and measurable facts which are the essentials of any
firm.
If one considers it that the analysis of financial statement through ratio analysis is just
a comparison of two time frames or two companies it is wrong. One understands that
this is just the game for the numbers on the balance sheet, income statement and any
-
8/23/2019 coca cola analysis.doc
5/33
other statement, which is wrong. It actually looks for the relationship between values
and evaluate the performance of the firm and result in the future outcomes.
RATIO:
The ratio is the measurement of figures in terms of the other. It shows the relationship
between two values which are actually dependent on each other. Calculation of the
ratio is termed as the division of one figure with the other one. Two main heads must
be divided with each other. The result of these ratios is termed as Times.
RATIO ANALYSIS: AN OVERVIEW
After analyzing the definition of ratio, ratio analysis is the process of two figures what
these terms actually depict. What does it mean of these ratios? It is a method in which
bundle of figures can be calculated, evaluating and interpreting.
It is used for the quantitative analysis for the statement analysis. It can be used for the
both of the trend analysis as well horizontal and vertical analysis. By these ratios,
health and sound position of the forms can be calculated. Analysis of anything is
actually based on the purposes and objectives of the things to whom analysis is
required.
Ratio analysis is the way to provide the insight of valuable information to concernedpersons or stakeholders. Who are the stakeholders actually? Stakeholders are those
who have a stake in any firm or interested parties in the firm's affairs. These parties
can be outsiders like creditors and customers while the internal parts can be
management and shareholders of the companies etc.
Due to the financial statement analysis, stakeholders can view the performance of the
company, leverage position of the company and strengths of the companies. By taking
an example of leverage ratio, analysts would find that how much company is
leveraged. Or if the financial advisor calculates the liquidity ratio, its results would
show that how much company is liquid to set off their obligations.
One thing which should be kept in mind by the financial advisor that not to be focused
only on one ratio. One ratio can give wrong direction. There needs to be some set of
ratio analysis of different aspects.
INTRODUCTION OF COCA-COLA COMPANY
-
8/23/2019 coca cola analysis.doc
6/33
For the purpose of ratio analysis, Coca-Cola company has been chosen as a case
study. Coca-cola company is the worlds largest marketer because it is dealing in the
sale and promotion of alcohol free beverages in the world. In the U.K, it is also a very
big brand which is distributing the alcohol free beverages to the local market. Coca-
cola is mainly dealing with five hundred alcohol free beverages, syrups and juices and
coffees. It was originally started with the name COKE and origin was United states of
America in 1944. Mr Gigga was the person who starts the business with medicines
and market dominance with the soft drinks from all over the world in the twentieth
century.
Coca Cola started its operation in the united states of America and sold its firstly
product in the same country in the year of 1886. It is the company which starts from
medicines and now established as a multinational company in the world. It was
registered in New York stock exchange in the year of 1919 and its sales were 1.6
billion in the twentieth century. There was a person who holds the major position in
the different designations like the chairman of the board, CEO and President of the
company. His names were Mukhtar Kent.
Financial reporting and making the financial statement is the main part of this study.There are so many branches for this multinational brand from which there are some asfollows: Europe, north and Latin America, Eurasia and Africa are some examples.
Position in the Industry:
The Coca-Cola company
is the well renownedmultinational and worlds largest
company in beverages market.
There are more than 3000 beverages license has been issued forthis brand all over the world
In the 200 counties, there are 55000 brand names available all
over the world (Olson, 2005)
-
8/23/2019 coca cola analysis.doc
7/33
As per above mentioned pie chart, it is clearly describing the
major part of the coca-cola which is 44 percent currently in the
beverages market.
After the coca cola industry, 31 percent share has been
occupied by the Pepsi limited company.
So that the main competitors of the Coca Cola limited is the
Pepsi and Dr. Pepper which is also holding the 31 percent and
15 percent respectively.
-
8/23/2019 coca cola analysis.doc
8/33
Interpretation of financial statement analysis:
Liquidity Ratios:
1. Current RatioYear 2005 Year 2006
Year 2007
2007 Year 2008
Interpretation:
Four years analysis is showing that the firm is able to achieve
its target by mitigating by the obligations. In the year 2005, the
company was able to meet its obligation as compared to current
assets. After that company goes for more growth and in year 2007
company was not in a sound position as compared to other years.but
C.Ratio = C.AssetsC.Liab
= $10908$11705
= 0.936 cents
C.Ratio = C.AssetsC.Liab
= $8442$8891
= 0.95 cents
C.Ratio = C.Assets
C.Liab= $12106
$13226= 0.916 cents
C.Ratio = C.AssetsC.Liab
= $12177$12987
= 0.93 cents
0 .9 0 .9 0 5 0 .9 1 0 .9 1 5 0 .9 2 0 .9 2 5 0 .9 3 0 .9 3 5 0 .9 4
2 0 0 5
2 0 0 6
2 0 0 7
2 0 0 8
-
8/23/2019 coca cola analysis.doc
9/33
in year 2008, company gain tries to boost up its ability to meet
obligations against its assets.
Quick Rati o Year 2005 Year 2006
Year 2007 Year 2008
Interpretation:This ratio explains that the way to meet obligations through its most liquid assets.Graphical representation shows that except in year 2007, all the year were good for itsliquidity terms. The company is enjoying the very good health of the firm. In year2007, there was a great decline which was suffered by the company, after that the
period of booms touch the surface of coca cola one more time.
Quick ratio = C.A - StockC.Liab
= $10908 - $2018911700
= 0.79 cents
Quick ratio = C.A - StockC.Liab
= $8441 - $1641$8890
= 0.76
Quick ratio = C.A - StockC.Liab
= $12106 2227$13226
= 0.75
Quick ratio = C.A - StockC.Liab
= $12186 2188$12989
= 0.76
0.745 0.75 0.755 0.76 0.765
2005
2006
2007
2008
-
8/23/2019 coca cola analysis.doc
10/33
Debt / Equity Ratio:
Year 2005 Year2006
Year2007 Year 2008
Interpretation:By making the comparative analysis for the four years, it was found that debt
to equity ratio is good for all the years. Debt to equity ratio is actually a term as howmuch debt can be payoffs against shareholders equity. Shareholders are getting thefacilities of debts then how much capability to pay off.By taking the view of graphical representation and interpretation, it is continuouslyrising. In year 2008 it is on its peak as compared to previous years. it results in thefinancing from the shareholders' equity now.
Debt to Total Asset Ratio:
D/E ratio = C.L + L.T.DebtsS. equity
= $14159$19717
= 0.718
D/E ratio = C.L + L.T.DebtsS. equity
= $10205$16921
= 0.60
D/E ratio = C.L + L.T.DebtsS. equity
= $16501$21745
= 0.76
D/E ratio = C.L + L.T.DebtsS. equity
= $15768$20473
= 0.77
Debt to Equity Ratio
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
2005 2006 2007 2008
Years
Ratio
-
8/23/2019 coca cola analysis.doc
11/33
2005 2006
2007 2008
Interpretation:
This ratio defines as the companys ability to meet the debts of
company through financial assets of the firm. In the year 2005 the
ratio was almost 37 percent while in year 2008 it remain alsmots
same for of the years.there is a slight upward change in the ratio find,
so it needs to be care.
Long Term Debt to Total Capitalization:
Debt To Total Asset Ratio = Total debtsTotal assets
= $1415837917
= 0.373
Debt To Total Asset Ratio = Total debtsTotal assets
= $10204$29963
= 0.34
Debt To Total Asset Ratio = Total debtsTotal assets
= $16502$43269
= 0.38
Debt To Total Asset Ratio = Total debtsTotal assets
= $15769$40519
= 0.389
Debt to Total Asset Ratio
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
2005 2006 2007 2008
Years
Ratio
-
8/23/2019 coca cola analysis.doc
12/33
2005 2006
2007 2008
Interpretation:
It is the relation between the long term debts and the capital
structure of the company. In the year 2005, the ratio was satisfactory
but in the year 2006 it was in declining phase. After more struggle by
the company it was again rising up to 0.12 in the year 2008.
Long term debt to total = Long term debtsCapitalization Total capitalization
= $2457$22169
= 0.11
Long term debt to total = Long term debtsCapitalization Total capitalization
= $1314$18234
= 0.07
Long term debt to total = Long term debtsCapitalization Total capitalization
= $3277$25021
= 0.13
Long term debt to total = Long term debtsCapitalization Total capitalization
= $2781$23253
= 0.12
Long Term Debt to Total Capitalization
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
2005 2006 2007 2008
Years
Ratio
-
8/23/2019 coca cola analysis.doc
13/33
Gross Profit Margin Ratio:
2005 2006
2007 2008
Interpretation:
If the ratio of the gross profit would be higher then its results for the firm to producemore at lower cost of goods sold. In the comparisons of the financial statements ofCocaCola company, the position stagnant but it is high which resuls in favorablecondition.
Net Profit Margin Ratio:
2005 2006
Gross Profit margin ratio = Net sales CGSNet sales
= $28296 9981$28296
= 64.7 %
Gross Profit margin ratio = Net sales CGSNet sales
= $24088 8164$24088
= 66 %
Gross Profit margin ratio = Net sales CGS
Net sales= $28857 10406
$28857= 63 %
Gross Profit margin ratio = Net sales CGS
Net sales= $31944 11374
$31944= 64%
Gross Profit Margin Ratio
0
20
40
60
80
2005 2006 2007 2008
Years
Rati
Net profit margin ratio = Net profit after taxesNet sales
= $5623
$28296= 19.87 %
Net profit margin ratio = Net profit after taxesNet sales
= $5080
$24088= 21 %
-
8/23/2019 coca cola analysis.doc
14/33
2007 2008
2009 = 7,605/30990= 24.5%
Interpretation:
According to the definition, higher the ratio, higher will be the
firms ability to pay its taxes. In the first three years, the margin is
high but in 2008 the margin falls by 2%. For the company, roughly
0.20 cents out of every sales dollar consists of After Tax Profit.in
2009the company again suddenly high the ratio 6.4% .
Return on Investment:
2005 2006
Net profit margin ratio = Net profit after taxesNet sales
= $5981$28857
= 20.7%
Net profit margin ratio = Net profit after taxesNet sales
= $5807$31944= 18.1%
Net Profit Margin Ratio
0
5
10
15
20
25
2005 2006 2007 2008
Years
Ratio
Return on Investment = Net profit after taxesTotal assets
= $5623$37917
= 14.8 %
Return on Investment = Net profit after taxesTotal assets
= $5080$29963
= 17 %
-
8/23/2019 coca cola analysis.doc
15/33
2007 2008
2009 = 7605/48671= 15.6%
Interpretation:
The ratio should be higher. Here starting from 2005, the ratio
is almost 15% and goes up in 2006 and is static in 2008 and 2009 with
14%-15.6%. The fluctuations show that in 2005, the firm is
generating 14.8% and in 2009 15.6% of net profit after taxes by using
its total assets.
Return on Equity:
2005 2006
Return on Investment = Net profit after taxesTotal assets
= $5981$43269
= 14 %
Return on Investment = Net profit after taxesTotal assets
= $5807$40519
= 14.33 %
Return on Investment
0
5
10
15
20
2005 2006 2007 2008Years
Rati
Return on equity = Net profit after taxesShareholders equity
= $5623$19712
= 29 %
Return on equity = Net profit after taxesShareholders equity
= $5080$16920
= 30 %
Return on equity = Net profit after taxesShareholders equity
= $5981$21744
= 27 %
-
8/23/2019 coca cola analysis.doc
16/33
2007 2008
2009 = 7605/25,346= 30%
Interpretation:
The ratio should be higher. Here starting from 2005, the ratio
is 29% and goes up in 2006 and fluctuates in 2007 and 2008 in 2009
the ratio again high to 30%. The fluctuations show that in 2005, the
firm is generating 29% and in 2009 the firm generating 30% of net
profit after taxes through Shareholders Equity.
Receivable Activity Ratio:
2005 2006
Return on equity = Net profit after taxesShareholders equity
= $5807$20472
= 28 %
Return on Equity
0
10
20
30
40
2005 2006 2007 2008
Years
Rati
Receivable activity ratio = Annual creditsales
Receivables= $28296
$2998= 10 times
Receivable activity ratio = Annual creditsales
Receivables= $24088
$2587= 9.3 times
Receivable activity ratio = Annual creditsales
Receivables= $28857
$8317= 8.69 times
-
8/23/2019 coca cola analysis.doc
17/33
2007 2008
2009 = 30,990/3,758= 8.25 times
Interpretation:
This ratio shows that how effectively the firm is using their
assets, the higher the turn over between the sales and cash collection.
For Coca-Cola company , the turnover in 2005 is 10 times, 9.3 times
in 2006, 8.69 in 2007, 10 times in 2008 and 8.25 in 2009. The ratio
should be low and it is low as shown in the graph.
Receivable Turnover in Days:
2005 2006
Receivable activity ratio = Annual creditsales
Receivables= $31944
$3090= 10 times
Receivable Activity Ratio
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
2005 2006 2007 2008
Years
Ratio
Receivable turnover in days= Days in year xReceivables
Annual credit sales= 365 x 2998
28296= 39 days
Receivable turnover in days= Days in year xReceivables
Annual credit sales= 365 x 2587
24088= 39 days
Receivable turnover in days= Days in year xReceivables
Annual credit sales= 365 x 8317
$28857= 42 days
-
8/23/2019 coca cola analysis.doc
18/33
2007 2008
Interpretation:the company's ability to collect receivables and conditions here in
2005. In day 39 and remained the same in 2006, but the collection is growingday by 2007, which shows that the collection of slow compared to previousyears. The collection period should be lower, so that timely payments
Inventory Activity Turnover Ratio:
2005 2006
Receivable turnover in days= Days in year xReceivables
Annual credit sales= 365 x 3090
$31944= 37 days
Receivable Turn over in Days
0
10
20
30
40
50
2005 2006 2007 2008Years
Rati
Inventory activity turnover ratio= Cost of goodsold
Average inventory= $9981
$2016= 5 times
Inventory activity turnover ratio= Cost of goodsold
Average inventory= $8164
$1641= 5 times
Inventory activity turnover ratio= Cost of goodsold
Average inventory= $10406
$2220= 4.7times
-
8/23/2019 coca cola analysis.doc
19/33
2007 2008
Interpretation:Generally, a high inventoryturnover,the moreefficient inventory
managementcompanyandfresher, more liquidity, inventory. Theratiosof the time in 2005-06, 2007, and went to the falls, and in 2008, iteventually falls back to 2009. Ratio is high, so it is advantageous. Itshowsthat effectivemanagementof the company.
Inventory Turnover in Days:
2005 2006
Inventory activity turnover ratio= Cost of goodsold
Average inventory= $11374
$2187= 5.2 times
Inventory Activity
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2005 2006 2007 2008
Years
Ratio
Inventory turnover in days = Days in year xInventory
CGS= 365 x 2016
9981= 73 days
Inventory turnover in days = Days in year xInventory
CGS= 365 x 1641
$8164= 75 days
Inventory turnover in days = Days in year xInventory
CGS= 365 x 2220
10406= 78 days
-
8/23/2019 coca cola analysis.doc
20/33
2007 2008
Interpretation:
The figure tells us how many days, on average, before inventoryis turned into accounts receivable through sales. So in 2005, the
turnover in days is 73. In the next four years the turnover ratio
in days differs from each other. Lowest of all is 2008s ratio,
which is 70 days.
Total Asset Turnover Ratio:
2005 2006
Inventory turnover in days = Days in year xInventory
CGS= 365 x 2187
11374= 70 days
Inventory Turn Over in Days
0
20
40
60
80
100
2005 2006 2007 2008
Years
Ratio
Total assets turnover = Net sales
Total assets= $28296$37917
= 74 %
Total assets turnover = Net sales
Total assets= $24088$29963
= 80 %Total assets turnover = Net sales
Total assets= $28857
$43269= 66 %
-
8/23/2019 coca cola analysis.doc
21/33
2007 2008
2009 = 30990/48671= 63%
Interpretation:The report should be high. Here one can see that the total Coca-ColaCompany's assets ratio of0.74 in 2005, on theotherhand, that means that
the company generated revenues of USD assets less investments. Reportincreases in 2006 and then from 2007. In 2008, the company was able tostabilizeand generatea moderate income. However, in 2009, againslowed to0.63totalreturnon the report.
Conclusion:
After applying all the formulas we get an idea of the Coca Cola company is a
profitable firm. For four years, the trend analysis, we found that the company isprofitable returns in the short-term and long-term investments, accounts receivabledecreased conversion rate, and they can pay their debts, as well as their resources.
Limitations:
Total assets turnover = Net sales
Total assets= $31944
$40519= 78%
Total Asset Turn Over Ratio
0
20
40
60
80
100
2005 2006 2007 2008
Years
Ratio
-
8/23/2019 coca cola analysis.doc
22/33
Although financial statement analysis is a very useful tool, it has two limitations:These two limitations involve the comparability of data among financial companiesneed to look beyond ratios.
Comparison of Financial Data:Comparative another company can provide valuable clues about the financial health
of the organization. Unfortunately, the differences between the accounting methodscompanies sometimes very difficult to compare the company's financial records. Forexample, if a company values its inventories LIFO method and another firm byaverage cost method, then direct comparison of financial data items, such as the valueand cost of goods sold two companies can be misleading. Footnotes are sometimessufficient data are presented to restate financial statements for comparative databases.Otherwise, you must take into consideration the lack of comparability of data analyst
before coming to any certain conclusion. However, even with this restriction meantcomparisons of key ratios, and other companies with the industry average. Oftensuggest avenues for further investigation.
The Need to Look Beyond Ratios:An inexperienced analyst may assume that ratios are sufficient in itself as a basis for
judgment about the future: Nothing could be further from the truth. Results based onanalysis parameters must be considered tentative. Reports should not be considered asfinal, but they should be seen as a starting point, as indicators of what to pursue inmore depth. They raise a lot of questions, but they rarely answer any question bythemselves,Besides correlation, other sources of data to be analyzed, so that a decision on thefuture of the organization analyst should look, for example, industry trends,technological changes, changes in changing consumer tastes and broader factors and
economic changes within the company.Introduction:
Each task trend analysis of the company. Therefore, we have selected balancesheet and income statement of the Coca-Cola Company. Four years of data werecollected through a secondary source, which gauges, graphical presentations arecovered in detail by the comments.At the end of the restrictions that we have an idea of what problems are facinganalysts and what are the things that should be kept in mind
Balance Sheet of Coca-Cola Company:
Assets Dec 08 Dec 07 Dec 06
Current Assets
Cash 4,701.0 4,093.0 2,440.0
Net Receivables 3,090.0 3,317.0 2,587.0
Inventories 2,187.0 2,220.0 1,641.0
Dec2005
3744
2998
2016
2148
10907
7907
19102
37917
Dec2005
1226
-
8/23/2019 coca cola analysis.doc
23/33
Other Current Assets 2,198.0 2,475.0 1,773.0
Total Current Assets 12,176.0 12,105.0 8,441.0
Net Fixed Assets 8,326.0 8,493.0 6,903.0
Other Noncurrent Assets 20,017.0 22,671.0 14,619.0
Total Assets 40,519.0 43,269.0 29,963.0
Liabilities and Shareholder's Equity Dec 08 Dec 07 Dec 06
Current Liabilities
Accounts Payable 1,370.0 1,380.0 929.0
Short-Term Debt 6,531.0 6,052.0 3,268.0
Other Current Liabilities 5,087.0 5,793.0 4,693.0
Total Current Liabilities 12,988.0 13,225.0 8,890.0
Long-Term Debt 2,781.0 3,277.0 1,314.0
Other Noncurrent Liabilities 4,278.0 5,023.0 2,839.0
Total Liabilities 20,047.0 21,525.0 13,043.0
Shareholder's Equity
Preferred Stock Equity -- -- --
Common Stock Equity 20,472.0 21,744.0 16,920.0
Total Equity 20,472.0 21,744.0 16,920.0
Shares Outstanding (mil.) 2,317.2 2,317.2 2,317.2
Income Statement of Coca-Cola Company:
Revenue 31,944.0 28,857.0 24,088.0
Cost of Goods Sold 11,374.0 10,406.0 8,164.0
Gross Profit 20,570.0 18,451.0 15,924.0
Gross Profit Margin 64.4% 63.9% 66.1%
4046
18205
--
19712
19712
2317.2
28296
9981
18315
64.8%
10716
1109
7668
27.2%
251
--
7296
1674
5622
5622
--
-
8/23/2019 coca cola analysis.doc
24/33
SG&A Expense 11,774.0 10,945.0 9,431.0
Depreciation & Amortization 1,228.0 1,163.0 938.0
Operating Income 7,877.0 8,329.0 6,798.0
Operating Margin 24.7% 28.9% 28.2%
Non operating Income (902.0) 841.0 297.0
Non operating Expenses (105.0) (220.0) --
Income Before Taxes 7,439.0 7,873.0 6,578.0
Income Taxes 1,632.0 1,892.0 1,498.0
Net Income After Taxes 5,807.0 5,981.0 5,080.0
Continuing Operations 5,807.0 5,981.0 5,080.0
Discontinued Operations -- -- --
Total Operations 5,807.0 5,981.0 5,080.0
Total Net Income 5,807.0 5,981.0 5,080.0
Net Profit Margin 18.2% 20.7% 21.1%
Diluted EPS from Total Net Income ($) 2.49 2.57 2.16
Dividends per Share 1.52 1.36 1.24
Internal and External Factors:
PEST Analysis for the COCA-COLAPEST analysis shows the internal and external effects on the company. It takes thelooks on the company like P for Political, E foe Economical effect, S for Social and Tfor technological effects which impact on the company's affairs.
An Analysis of Coca-Cola
Political Impact:It includes the effects of the government which includes the sourcing for the funds,
performances and targets to achieve.
Impact of Politics on CoCa CoLa:
5622
5622
20%
2.40
1.37
-
8/23/2019 coca cola analysis.doc
25/33
Coca cola deals in the alcohol free beverages which is the category of FDA. For thispurpose, the government takes part in the manufacturing of these kind of products bysome laws and regulations. There would be some fines in the case of non performanceof work.
There are some factors which are causing an impact on the company as: Most of the time a change in taxation rates, interest rates and revision of the
rules and regulation cause an impact on the firms.
Coca cola is an multinational brand. There are so many competitors in theworld. So the competitors can sell the alcoholic beverages to the market butdue to the restriction on alcoholic beverages for the coca cola, they cannot sellthese goods, so it also impacts.
Political instability also suffers heavily on the business environment.Instability of civil wars, change in the government on an immediate basis andrestriction to send resources from one place to another.
Especially in the international market, restrictions on imports and exportssuffered heavily.
Terrorism is also the reason for the lower level of sales of the company. Ifthere is instability in the country and Government is not able to defend it dueto weak defensive powers then it will impact on the coca cola companyheavily.
For the purpose of developing the countries by penetrating the market is alsoaffected by the government actions.
Economic Impact:It includes the employment opportunities in the economy, demand and supplyconditions, training provision and increment in the regional competitiveness.
Analysis for the Coca Cola Inc.
Last year the U.S. economy was strong and nearly every part of it was growing anddoing well. However, things changed. Most economists loosely define a recession astwo consecutive quarters of contraction, or negative GDP growth.However, because of aggressive action by the Federal Reserve and Congress it will beshort and mild. The economy will return to sustained, positive growth in the first halfof 2002. (Ghobadian, 2009)
In the Last year, the U.K. economy was strong, and almost every part of the economywas growing and healthy. However, things have changed. Many economists looselydescribed as two consecutive quarters of decline in the downturn, or -ve growth inGDP.However, due to the aggressive action of the FED and Congress will be back soon.Future Prospects
The Federal Reserve is doing everything it can help the economy for thepurpose of recovery. They cut interest rates ten times this year: The rate hasfallen to a 40-year low rates two percent lower interest eventually causedconsumer demand in the economy. Companies to expand and increase the use
of debt as a result of low borrowing rates: Coca-Cola can borrow money toinvest in other products, as well as interest rates are low. The loan can be used
-
8/23/2019 coca cola analysis.doc
26/33
for research into a new product or technology. As for researching newproducts that will cost less in the Coca-Cola company to sell its products andpeople spend more because they get free products from Coca-Cola.
Before the attacks of September 11, 2001, the United States, the economy isstarting to recover a bit and see only recently that they have reached economic
levels. Customers will now resume their normal habits, going to shoppingmalls, cars, eating out and restaurants. However, many are still cautious inhandling their money. They believe that low inflation is still ahead of us,consumers can regain confidence next year.
Non-alcoholic beverage industry has big discounts to countries outside the UKand poor standard surveys of the industry, "major soft drink companies, thereis economic improvement in many major international markets, such as Japan,Brazil and Germany . "This market will continue to play an important role inthe success and sustainable growth for the majority of non-alcoholic beverageindustry.
-
8/23/2019 coca cola analysis.doc
27/33
Social Impact: It covers the life style of the people, carrier shortages and difficulties in the
society. (Harris, 2001)
Social Analysis of Coca-Cola
Many UK citizens needs to engage in a healthy lifestyle which is influencedby the soft drinks industry. Many bottled water and Diet colas are passinginstead of beer and other alcoholic beveragestere is no care for the healthyfood or water or any bevarages. Economy is not awared for the disadvantagesof alcoholic bevarages and they are getting it vigirously. (Scholes, 2000)
Consumers aged 38-56 are also increasingly concerned about the level ofnutrition. There are some segments for the market which arte distributed. Inthese segments there are some baby boomers segments which is a very largesegment. So people are more concerned about their babes food. People want to
live long life but the junk foods are decreasing the life time day by day.due tothis factor, aggregate demand for these bevarages also decreasing.
Technological Impact:Technology is changing more vigorously. So the change in technology includesinternet facilities which are changing the trend day by day. First it comes from dial upconnections to broadband technology, WiFi technologies and much more. Electroniclearning through technology, computers, laptops, and many other technologicalchanges occur everywhere which cause the enhancement of knowledge of theconsumer world.
Analysis:
Technological effects have a main feature of promotions, advertisement andmarketing through the different channels has been easy. Media have given the
best opportunity to expand it. Television and the internet are the source of theincrease in the awareness of the people.
By introducing the perishable bottles and caps of the bottles have enhanced thesale of the coca cola industry. Consumers can take it to anywhere and bin itany time at any place.
Production of the coca cola company has been increased due to thewtechnology improvement. Now the coca cola company is expanding their
sectors through more precisely focused on technology. (Praetz., 2000)
FINDINGSAND CONCLUSION:
At the end of the study, it has been found that how much benefit is the financialstatement analysis? After performing the ratio analysis some points of considerationhave been chosen as follows which would be beneficial for the firms:Findings:
1) Through financial statement analysis, analyst analyzes that the coca colacompany should reduce their liabilities by reducing the expenses which areaccrued. By this thing company can improve the liquidity position.
2) The company needs to be focused for the inventory as well as selling. It meanscaring for the inventory management and then make the selling as per
-
8/23/2019 coca cola analysis.doc
28/33
availability of stock. There needs to be some LIFO and FIFO method tocalculate the CGS for the goods in stock.
3) If company reduced the operating cost then it would be eligible to make profitmargins comparatively better.
Earning Per Share:4) If the earnings per share ratio calculate then it would be easy to find out the
profitability of the company. So as per the ratio determined, it shows thatcompany is in a very sound position and they are eligible to pay the dividendsto their shareholders.
-
8/23/2019 coca cola analysis.doc
29/33
REFERENCES
Allen, F. and G, Douglas. (1999), Innovations in Financial Services,
Relationships, and Risk Sharing, vol. 45 no. 9 1239-1253
Abratt, R., Beffon, M. & Ford, J. (2000) "Relationship between Marketing
Planning and Annual Budgeting", Marketing Intelligence & Planning, Vol. 12
Iss: 1, pp.22 28
Berger, A. N., and Udell, G. F. (2002). "Some Evidence on the Empirical
Significance of Credit Rationing," Journal of Political Economy 100,
(October): 1047-1077.
Bettis, R. A. and Hall, W. K. (2000). 'Diversification strategy, accounting
determined risk, and accounting determined return', Academy of Management
Journal, 25, pp. 254-264.
Bhattacharya, Asish. K. (2007).Introduction to Financial Statement Analysis,
Elsevier, New Delhi , 1st edition, Chapter -03 , Ratio Analysis, pp.32-45
Khan, M.Y. (2006).Financial Management, Tata Mc-Graw Hill , New Delhi,
1stedition, Chapter -03 , Financial Statement Analysis: Ratio Analysis, pp.114-
158
Khanna, O.P. (1999).Industrial Engineering And management, Dhanpat Rai ,
1st edition, New Delhi ,Chapter -26 , Financial Management, pp. 26.11-26.21
Nidhani, A.K. and Nidhani, K.K. (2008). Simple Tally 9, BPB publication ,
New Delhi, 1st edition, Chapter -02 , Charts of Accounts , pp 17-33
Olson, J.A., (1995), Earnings, book values and dividends in equity valuation.
Contemporary Accounting Research, 11, 661-688. PD 299/2003
O'Regan, N. & Ghobadian, A. (2009) "Successful strategic re-orientation:
lessons from Cadbury's experience: An interview with Todd Stitzer, Chief
Executive of Cadbury", Journal of Strategy and Management, Vol. 2 Iss: 4,
pp.405 - 412
Praetz., P. D. (2000), "Australian Share Prices and the Random Walk
Hypothesis,"Australian Journal of Statistics, pp. 123-39.
http://mansci.journal.informs.org/search?author1=Franklin+Allen&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://mansci.journal.informs.org/search?author1=Franklin+Allen&sortspec=date&submit=Submit -
8/23/2019 coca cola analysis.doc
30/33
Wanless, R.M. (2001). Finance For Mine Management, Chapman & Hall
Ltd , New York , 1st edition, Chapter -06 ,Financial Accounting, pp. 109-112
Abarbanell, J., & Bushee, B. (1997). Fundamental analysis, future earningsand stock prices.Journal of Accounting Research, 35(1), 1-24.
Eisemann, P. (1997). Return on equity and systematic ratio analysis.
Commercial Lending Review, 12 (3), 51-57.
Fairfield, P., & Yohn, T. (2001). Using asset turnover and profit margin to
forecast changes in profitability.Review of Accounting Studies, 6, 371-385.
Hampton, J. J. (2003).Financial Decision Making. New Delhi: PHI Learning
Milbourn, G., & Haight, T. (2005). Providing students with an overview offinancial statements using the Dupont analysis approach,Journal of American
Academy of Business, 6(1), 46-50.
Nissim, D. & Penman, S. H. (2003). Financial Statement Analysis of Leverage
and How It Informs About Profitability and Price-to-Book Ratios.Review of
Accounting Studies, 8, 531-560.
Nissim, D. & Penman, S. H. (2001). Ratio Analysis and Equity Valuation:
From Research to Practice.Review of Accounting Studies, 6, 109154. Ott, S., Riddiough, T., & Yi, H. (2005). Finance, investment and investment
performance: Evidence from the REIT sector.Real Estate Economics, 33(1),
203-235.
Saunders, A. (2000).Management of Financial Institutions. (3rd ed.).
McGraw Hill.
Bettis, R. A. and Hall, W. K. (1982). 'Diversification strategy, accounting
determined risk, and accounting determined return', Academy of ManagementJournal, 25, pp. 254-264.
Black, F. and Litterman, R. (1991). "Asset Allocation: Combining Investor
Views.
Brierley, S. (2002). The advertising handbook By Sean Brierley (2, illustrated
ed.). Routledge. p. 14.
French, K. R., and Poterba, J. M. (1991). Investor Diversification and
International Equity Markets.American economic review 81(2): 222-226.
-
8/23/2019 coca cola analysis.doc
31/33
Goetzmann W. N. and A. Kumar. (2001). Equity Portfolio Diversification.
NBER Working Paper Series.
Holson, L. M. (2000). "Cadbury to Pay $1.45 Billion For Snapple".New York
Times Majumdar, R. (2004).Product Management in India. PHI Learning. pp. 26
28.
Malcolm, H.B., McDonald, L. & Harris, F. (2001), "Corporate marketing and
service brands - Moving beyond the fast-moving consumer goods model",
European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 35 Iss: 3/4, pp.335 352
Millera, M. H. and Scholes, M (2000), "Rates of Returni n Relation to Risk: A
Re-Examination Some Recent Findings," in M. C. Jensen, ed., Studies in the
Theory of Capital Markets, New York: Praeger Publishing Co., pp. 60-62.
Olson, J.A., (2005), Earnings, book values and dividends in equity valuation.
Contemporary Accounting Research, 11, 661-688. PD 299/2003
O'Regan, N. & Ghobadian, A. (2009) "Successful strategic re-orientation:
lessons from Cadbury's experience: An interview with Todd Stitzer, Chief
Executive of Cadbury", Journal of Strategy and Management, Vol. 2 Iss: 4,
pp.405 - 412
Praetz., P. D. (1969), "Australian Share Prices and the Random Walk
Hypothesis,"Australian Journal of Statistics, pp. 123-39.
Sharpe, W. c), "Risk-Return Classes of New York Stock Exchange Common
Stocks, 1967," Financial Analysts Journal, 28, pp.46-54+.Sidney Siegel.
Nonparametric Statistics: For the Behavioral Sciences, New York: McGraw-
Hill, Inc
Sir Adrian Cadbury, (1983) "The structure of the food industry: an historical
review",Nutrition & Food Science, Vol. 83 Iss: 5, pp.18 20
Smith, G.E., Nagle, T.T., (1994), Financial Analysis for Profit Driven
Pricing,MITSloan Management Review, Vol. 35, n3, pp. 71-80.
Stephen L. & Meyers. S. L. (1973), "A Re-Examination of Market and
Industry Factors in Stock Price Behavior," Journal of Finance, 28, pp. 695-
706
http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9805EEDC163BF93BA2575AC0A9669C8B63http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9805EEDC163BF93BA2575AC0A9669C8B63http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Timeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Timeshttp://books.google.com/?id=ESJzaCJE3fQC&pg=PA26&dq=what+is+fmcg&q=what%20is%20fmcghttp://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9805EEDC163BF93BA2575AC0A9669C8B63http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Timeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Timeshttp://books.google.com/?id=ESJzaCJE3fQC&pg=PA26&dq=what+is+fmcg&q=what%20is%20fmcg -
8/23/2019 coca cola analysis.doc
32/33
Annexure:Income Statement of Coca-Cola Company:
SCAL
EAR
NDING
Dec 2005 Dec 2006 Dec 2007 Dec 2008 Dec 2009
venue 28296.0 24,088.0 28,857.0 31,944.0 30,990.0
st of
oods Sold
9981.0 8,164.0 10,406.0 11,374.0 11,088.0
oss Profit 18315.0 15,924.0 18,451.0 20,570.0 19,902.0
oss Profit
argin
64.8% 66.1% 63.9% 64.4% 64%
G&A
pense
10716.0 9,431.0 10,945.0 11,774.0 11,671.0
preciation
mortization
1109.0 938.0 1,163.0 1,228.0 1,236.0
perating
come
7668.0 6,798.0 8,329.0 7,877.0 9,301.0
perating
argin
27.2% 28.2% 28.9% 24.7% 20.6%
o operating
come
251.0 297.0 841.0 (902.0) 121.75.0
o operating
penses
-- -- (220.0) (105.0) (181.67.0)
come
fore Taxes
7296.0 6,578.0 7,873.0 7,439.0 8,946.0
come
xes
1674.0 1,498.0 1,892.0 1,632.0 2,040.0
t Income
ter Taxes
5622.0 5,080.0 5,981.0 5,807.0 7,605.0
ntinuing
perations
5622.0 5,080.0 5,981.0 5,807.0 7,605.0
ntinuingperations
5622.0 5,080.0 5,981.0 5,807.0 7,605.0
-
8/23/2019 coca cola analysis.doc
33/33
sBalance sheet
Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Assets
C. Assets
Cash 3745.01 2,440.0 4,093.0 4,701.0 9,151.0
Debtors 2998.0 2,587.0 2,587.0 3,317.0 3,758.0
Stocks 2016.0 1,641.0 2,220.0 2,187.0 2,354.0
Other C. Assets 2148.0 1,773.0 2,475.0 2,198.0 2288.0
Total CurrentAssets
10907.0 8,441.0 12,105.0 12,176.0 17,551.0
Net Fixed Assets 7907.0 6,903.0 8,493.0 8,326.0 9,561.0
Other Non currentAssets
19102.0 14,619.0 22,671.0 20,017.0 2,421.0
Total Assets 37917.0 29,963.0 43,269.0 40,519.0 $ 48,671.0
Liabilities and
Shareholder's
Equity
Current Liabilities
Accounts Payable 1226.0 929.0 1,380.0 1,370.0 13,721.0
Short-Term Debt 5283.0 3,268.0 6,052.0 6,531.0 6,800.0
Other CurrentLiabilities
5191.0 4,693.0 5,793.0 5,087.0
Total Current
Liabilities
11701.0 8,890.0 13,225.0 12,988.0 13,721.0
Long-Term Debt 2457.0 1,314.0 3,277.0 2,781.0 5,059.0
Other Non current
Liabilities
4046.0 2,839.0 5,023.0 4,278.0 4,545.0
Total Liabilities 18205.0 13,043.0 21,525.0 20,047.0 23,872.0
Shareholder's
Equity
Preferred Stock
Equity
- - - - - - - - - -
Common Stock
Equity
19712.0 16,920.0 21,744.0 20,472.0 24,799.0
Total Equity 19712.0 16,920.0 21,744.0 20,472.0 25,346.0
Shares Outstanding
(mil.)
2317.2 2,317.2 2,317.2 2,317.2 2,317.2