co2 foam eor field pilots for efficient and more ... · co2 foam eor field pilots for efficient and...
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CO2 Foam EOR Field Pilots for Efficient and More Sustainable Petroleum Production
Prof. Arne Graue Dept. of Physics and Technology University of Bergen, NORWAY
IOR NORWAY 2016: University of Stavanger, April 26-27th, 2016
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Energy Poverty is Widespread
31
8
85
653
836
423
661
La+n America
Sub-‐Saharan Africa China
India
Rest of developing
Asia
289 379
585
1.3 billion people in the world live without electricity & 2.7 billion live without clean cooking facilities
Million people without electricity
Million people without clean cooking facili4es
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The Global Need for Energy Continues to Rise Growth in primary energy demand in the IEA’s New Policies Scenario
Source: International Energy Agency
0 500
1 000 1 500 2 000
2 500 3 000 3 500 4 000 4 500
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
Mtoe
China India Other developing Asia Russia Middle East Rest of world OECD
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Research for More Sustainable Oil and Gas Production
Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage
(CCUS) Utilization of CO2:
- Business Case for CO2 Sequestration - CO2 EOR - Integrated EOR (IEOR) with foam as mobility control - Exploitation of Hydrate Energy - Technology implementations require field tests
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uib.no
Advantages with CO2 for EOR
Low MMP
Oil viscocity
Swelling CO2 storage
Department of Physics and Technology
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uib.no
Challenges with CO2 for EOR
Corrosion Availability
Low viscosity Recycling
Department of Physics and Technology
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uib.no
Department of Physics and Technology CO2-foam • Mitigates gravity override
• Improves sweep efficiency
CO2 CO2-‐Foam
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Next Generation CO2 Flooding - Main challenges in CO2 EOR:
- Early CO2 breakthrough and poor sweep efficiency - Up-scaling laboratory EOR to field performance
- US White Paper: - Mobility control in CO2 EOR, USDOE/Advanced Resource International Inc. - Target: 137 Billion bbl
- US import of foreign oil may be reduced by 30%
- “Next generation CO2 EOR technology" based on mobility control
- 68 billion barrels of oil: 1,35 billion bbl of oil every year for 50 years - Similar results in the North Sea; pilot in the Snorre Field - Economic at oil price of US$ 85 and CO2 price of US$ 40/ton
- Need more CO2
- Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) a win-win situation
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Agenda and Research Approach Department of Physics and Technology
Present study part of an ongoing multi-scale approach for mobility control in heterogeneous and fractured reservoirs during CO2 EOR
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PET/CT @ Haukeland University Hospital Dept. of Physics and Technology
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Temp.: 400C
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EOR Enables CCUS: Integrated EOR (IEOR) for CO2 Sequestration
Collaboration: 11 Universities in France, The Netherlands, UK, USA and Norway
Coordinator: Arne Graue, Dept. of Physics, University of Bergen, NORWAY
Funding: The Research Council of Norway (NRC/CLIMIT) and oil companies; US$ 1,7mill
MRI of CO2 injection
Complementary NTI & MRI facilities
Lab to pilot field test
CO2 Foam for Mobility Control for EOR in Fractured Reservoirs in Texas
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Project advantages:
- CO2 is commercially available - Foam as mobility control - Researchers from 11 reputational universities - Up-scaling; major challenge in oil recovery - Fraction of costs of off-shore field tests - Fast results: short inter-well distances - 30 years experience in Texas on CO2 EOR - 4D seismic establishes a field laboratory
CO2 Foam for Mobility Control for EOR in Fractured Reservoirs in Texas
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CO2 Storage in Hydrate Reservoirs with Associated Spontaneous Natural Gas Production
In-Situ imaging (MRI) of hydrate formation
Methane production by CO2 injection in field test
in Alaska 2012
Objectives: Experimentally and theorethically determine spontaneous methane production when hydrate is exposed to CO2; with the purpose of CO2 sequestration.
Methane hydrate reservoirs
Arne Graue and Bjørn Kvamme, Dept. of Physics, University of Bergen, NORWAY Funding: ConocoPhillips, Statoil and The Research Council of Norway
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• The amount of energy bound in hydrates may be more than twice the world’s total energy resources in conventional hydrocarbon reservoirs; i.e. oil-, gas- and coal reserves
• Simultaneous CO2 Sequestration
• Win-win situation for gas production
• Need no hydrate melting or heat stimulation
• No associated water production
• Formation integrity
CO2 Exchange: Project Motivation
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Iġnik Sikumi #1 Flowback/Drawdown: Gas composition
Gas Production from the Field Test
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CCUS:
Huge Opportunity for the Petroleum Industry
- Financially
- Social license to operate - Improves environmental footprint
- Mitigates global warming - Releases vast additional energy resources - Attracts new generation energy engineers
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Thank you!
Acknowledgement We are indebted to the NRC/CLIMIT program for funding.
We appreciate collaboration with the following university partners: - Stanford U. - Rice University - University of Texas at Austin - Texas A&M U. - MSU - Imperial College, London - TREFLE, Bordeaux, France - TU Delft, The Netherlands - NTNU , Trondheim, Norway - Natonal IOR Center of Norway - University of Bergen, Norway
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Why CO2 for EOR? Advantages Challenges � Is soluble in oil, causing the oil to swell and reduces its viscosity
� Develops miscibility at pressures lower than hydrocarbon gasses � Can extract components up to C30 from the reservoir oil
� Poten4al for CO2 storage
� Low macroscopic displacement efficiency � Mobility ra4o � CO2 traveling through high permeable zones
� Opera4onal costs � Supplying enough CO2 to the fields at an acceptable cost
� CO2 and brine might cause weakening of the chalk and corrosion of wells and equipment
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CO2 in fractured reservoirs � Matrix/fracture neSwork � Molecular diffusion
� Mass transfer and mixing due to random mo4on
� Driving force: � Concentra4on gradient � Diffusivity of each component
� Concentra4on is a func4on of � Time � Distance
� Goal to achieve equilibrium between the injected CO2 and the reservoir oil
High permeability
Low permeability